BELLARMINE 2010-2011 BLISS

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STUDY GUIDE
Study Guide.............................................................................................................................................................................................1
Study Guide.................................................................................................................................................................................................1
Sir Gawain...............................................................................................................................................................................................2
Sir Gawain...................................................................................................................................................................................................2
Dante’s Inferno........................................................................................................................................................................................3
Dante’s Inferno............................................................................................................................................................................................3
Branwen Daughter of Lyr........................................................................................................................................................................4
Branwen Daughter of Lyr............................................................................................................................................................................4
St. Edmund...............................................................................................................................................................................................5
St. Edmund...................................................................................................................................................................................................5
Canterbury Tales......................................................................................................................................................................................6
Canterbury Tales..........................................................................................................................................................................................6
Once and Future King..............................................................................................................................................................................7
Once and Future King..................................................................................................................................................................................7
Thorstein Mansion Might........................................................................................................................................................................9
Thorstein Mansion Might............................................................................................................................................................................9
Beowulf & Grendel................................................................................................................................................................................10
Beowulf & Grendel....................................................................................................................................................................................10
Viking Terms.........................................................................................................................................................................................11
Viking Terms.............................................................................................................................................................................................11
Sandman: World’s End..........................................................................................................................................................................12
Sandman: World’s End..............................................................................................................................................................................12
Hrolf Kraki (1/2)....................................................................................................................................................................................13
Hrolf Kraki (1/2)........................................................................................................................................................................................13
Beowulf..................................................................................................................................................................................................16
Beowulf......................................................................................................................................................................................................16
Tolkien Article.......................................................................................................................................................................................17
Tolkien Article...........................................................................................................................................................................................17

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SIR GAWAIN
I have the Tolkien version, idk where it will be in yours. No line numbers in this version

Section 1

“It was AEnas the noble and his renowned kindred who then laid under them lands, and lords became of well-nigh all the wealth in the
Western Isles.” (1)

Section 31

“At every wading or water on the way that he passed, he found a foe before him, save at few for a wonder;” (50)
“Had he not been stalwart and staunch and steadfast in God, he doubtless would have died and death had met often; for though war
wearied him much, the winter was worse, when the cold clear water from the clouds spilling froze ere it had fallen upon the faded
earth.” (51)

Section 34

“Then he stayed his steed that on the steep bank halted above the deepdouble ditch that was drawn around the place. The wall waded
in the water wondrous deeply, and up again to huge height in the air it mounted, all of the hard hewn stone to the high cornice” (page
53)

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DANTE’S INFERNO
“Just as a swimmer, still with panting breath,/ now safe upon the shore, out of the deep,/ might turn for one last look at the dangerous
waters” (22-24)

“And when I looked beyond this crowd I saw/ a throng upon the shore of a wide river” (70-71)

“And suddenly, coming toward us in a boat,/ a man of yeas who ancient hair was white/ shouted at us “Woe to you, perverted souls”
(82-84)

“Away they go across the darkened waters,/ and before they reach the other side to land,/ a new throng starts collecting on this side”
(118-120)

“ ‘My son,’ the gentle master said to me,/ ‘all those who perish in the wrath of God/ assemble here from all parts of the earth;/ they
want to cross the river, they are eager;/ it is Divine Justice that spurs them on,/ turning the fear they have into desire” (121-126)

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BRANWEN DAUGHTER OF LYR
“As these nobles were sitting [looking at the sea], they saw thirteen ships coming from the south of Ireland and making for the coast,
moving easily and swiftly, running before the wind and approaching rapidly. ‘I see ships out there making boldly for our land’ said
Bran.” (67)

“The men made ready and descended to the ships below, and seeing them close up they were certain they had never seen ships better
turned out than these, with their fine, graceful, handsome ensigns of brocade. They could see one of the ships drawing ahead of the
others, and on that ship a shield was raised above the deck with the point uppermost as a sign of peace.” (67-68)

‘God be good to you,’ said Bran, ‘and may you be welcome. Whose host of ships is this, and who is your leader’ ‘Lord, Mallolwch
King of Ireland is here, and these are his ships.’” (68)

“The next day the entire complement of the court rose and the household officers began to discuss the quartering of Mallolwch’s
horses and grooms, and these were then quartered in every region, as far as the sea” (69)

“Now lord’ said the Irish, ‘forbid all ships and coracles from going to Wales, and impound those boast which arrive from Wales, so
that news of Branwen might not spread” (74)

“Bran and the host we spoke of set sail for Ireland, and since the sea was not deep he waded through. At that time there were only two
rivers. Lli and Archan, but thereafter the sea widened and overflowed the kingdoms.” (75)

“This caused the fighting men of Ireland and the costal areas to assemble hastily and hold a council. ‘Lord’, said his men, ‘you have
no choice but to retreat across the Liffey (a river in Ireland) and put the river between you and Bran and then destroy the bridge; there
are loadstones at the bottom of the river, so that no ship or other vessel can cross it.’” (76)

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ST. EDMUND
In the days of king Æthelred a very learned monk came over the sea (1)

Then at length it happened that the Danish people came with a fleet, harrying and slaying widely
over the land, as their custom is. In that fleet were their chief men, Hingwar and Hubba,
associated by the devil, and they landed in Northumbria with their ships and wasted the land and
slew the people. Then Hingwar turned eastward with his ships, and Hubba was left in
Northumbria, having won the victory by cruel means. (1)

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CANTERBURY TALES
Page numbers are from http://www.librarius.com/cantales.htm

General Prologue – “His barge ycleped was the Maudelayne.” (412)

Miller’s Tale – the tubs kind of symbolize ships

“Er that he myghte gete his wyf to shipe? Hym hadde be levere, I dar wel undertake, At thilke tyme, than alle wetheres blake That she
hadde had a ship hirself allone.” (432-435)
“In which we mowe swymme as in a barge,” (442)

Franklin’s Tale – “Where as she many a ship and barge seigh” (143)
“That they ne lette shipe ne boot to goon,” (286)
“Have maad come in a water and a barge,” (436)
“And shippes by the brynke comen and gon,” (452)

Nun’s Priest’s Tale – “But casuelly the shippes botme rente, And ship and men under the water wente In sighte of othere shippes it
bisyde,” (335-337)

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ONCE AND FUTURE KING
“He found that the moat and the bridge had grown hundreds of times bigger. He knew that he was turning
into a fish” (45-46)

“At first he only dipped below the surface of sleep, and skimmed along like a salmon in shallow water, so
close to the surface that he fancied himself in air” (27)

“She is not any common earth

Water or wood or air,
But Merlin's Isle of Gramarye
Where you and I will fare” (8)

“Under this horizon of air you would have to imagine another horizon of under water, spherical and
practically upside down—for the surface of the water acted partly as a mirror to what was below it. It is
difficult to imagine. What makes it a great deal more difficult to imagine is that everything which human
beings would consider to be above the water level was fringed with all the colours of the spectrum” (47)

“He could do what men have always wanted to do, that is, fly. There is practically no difference between
flying in the water and flying in the air” (48)

“They swam along, Merlyn occasionally advising him to put his back into it when he forgot, and the strange
underwater world began to dawn about them, deliciously cool after the heat of the upper air” (50)

“‘We could pour water on their heads,’ said Merlyn reflectively, ‘if there was any water. But I
don't suppose they would thank us for making their armour rusty’” (72)

“In a steamer it takes two or three days to cross the North Sea—so many hours of slobbering
through the viscous water” (172)

“Look at the siege of Mont St. Michel, at which it was considered unsporting to win through the defenders'
lack of water” (235)

“There came a magic barge from over the water, a barge draped with white samite, mystic, wonderful”
(242)

“soaking each other with Holy Water, or reverently displaying God to the people” (309)

“on the other side of the musical water, there was an enormous knight in black armour with his tilting
helm in position” (328)

“The people of your village said that I was the best knight of the world, and I did work my Miracle when I
got you out of the water” (376)

“Oh, my lady, there are two knights waiting beyond the water, and they say they have come to tilt with
the Chevalier.” (414)

“Indeed, a lot of water had flowed under the bridges of Camelot in twenty-one years” (421)

“He had the glee of the porpoise then, pouring and leaping through strange seas” (44)

“It was menacing, being desirous for victims—for it was the huge, remorseless sea” (165)

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“They had waved to Piggy ever so, and the Beast had put its head out of the wood and waded out to sea
after them, looking most upset” (281)

“"The ship took me out to sea again," he said at length, "on a big wind” (469)

***"I let them make a proclamation that all the children born at a certain time were to be put in a
big ship and floated out to sea. I wanted to destroy Mordred for his own sake, and I didn't
know where he would be born." (548)

“the King had hailed a passing ship which looked as if it were off to the Crusades” (249)

“Then he told me his story, as I have told you, and sailed away in a magic ship, covered in white samite”
(448)

“I know I can't explain to you about the ship at this hour, because, for one thing, it is fading from me now
that I am with people” (467)

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THORSTEIN MANSION MIGHT
“So they forded the river and rode on to the spot where Thorstein had first met them” (272)

“Jokul and Frosti were drowned in the river Hemra on their way back home from the feast, so now I'm in full control of the district of
Grundir as well” (275)

“They came to a wide river and plunged into it and it was as if they were wading through smoke” (259)

“Thorstein ran so fast that the pursuers couldn't intercept him before he came to the river, but there he had to stop” (260)

“There's a great river that divides our countries. It's known as the Hemra and it's so deep and swift the only horses that can ford it are
the three we're riding on” (264)

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BEOWULF & GRENDEL
Beowulf floats/swims to Geatland
Beowulf’s longships (used recurrently for travel)
Frozen tundra at the top of mountain
Icebergs
Grendel’s mother’s cave, surrounded by water
Hand coming out of the water
Priest baptizing people in the river

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VIKING TERMS
Wergild
Nothing

Ragnarok
Ragnarok begins with the fimbulvetr , three years of fierce winter without respite” (1)

Vallhalla
Nothing

Mabinogi

The fourth of the four branches of Mabinogi proper “has as its principals the family of Dôn, a goddess whose wider Celtic connections
are reflected in the Irish Danu (the mythical Túatha Dé Danann are the tribes of the goddess Danu) and in continental river names such
as the Danube (German: Donau )” (1)

“The geographical settings of the tales have an air of reality about them. The first branch is set in Dyfed in southwest Wales, the
second at Harlech in north Wales and in Ireland, the third in Dyfed again and, briefly, in England, and the fourth mostly in Gwynedd
(north Wales)” (2)

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SANDMAN: WORLD’S END
World’s End
Snowstorm theme
World’s End located next to a cliff out by the sea, torrential rain (67)

Tale of Two Cities

River running through city (35)
“He walked tiny backstreets, passing restaurants forever closed, or small stores that, from all he could see though their windows, sold
marvels, but which were never open for business” (37) – following this passage, the picture shows the “marvels” as a ship sailing into
a cove
Robert meets the woman while the woman is “sitting by a small fountain…in the roof garden of a building that jutted up from the city
like a black tooth” (38)

Cluracan’s Tale
Psychopomp spits in Cluracan eye (56)
Psychopomp threatens to “pop out [Cluracan’s] eyeball and piss in the holes” (38)

Hob’s Leviathan
“From my mother I inherited, I fancy, a certain willfulness. From my father I inherited a wanderlust, and a fascination with the sea”
(69)
“And, dressed in old clothes I’d begged and borrowed from friends, ran down to the docks, where, claiming myself an orphan, I
signed aboard the Spirit of Whitby, en route to Singapore” (69)
“The next ship I signed on, the Pyramus, was a dark ship, captained by a bad man, and, with regret, I jumped ship one night, in
Bombay. There was a mutiny shortly thereafter, or so I heard, and the ship went down with all hands” (70)
[basically all of Hob’s Leviathan]***

The Golden Boy

Death possibility: Pres gets shot in the snow (108)

Cerements
“They had tombs and catacombs and towers and rivers. But the buildings collapsed and the rivers became blocked with the bones and
remains and they putrefied and stank” (129)

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HROLF KRAKI (1/2)
"An island lay a short distance from Halfdan's stronghold ..." (1). Also references to this island on page 2
"As King Frodi felt that he had not fared as well, he assembled a large following of men and set out for Denmark ... [He] burned and
destroyed everything" (1).
"The king's ship had already landed" (4).
"Can it be that wolves are plotting with predators?" (7). (Reference to outlaws)
"Rain is without" (9).
"There was a king named Nordri; he ruled over parts of England ... Hroar spent many years with King Nordri and commanded the
defence of the realm ... After a time Hroar married Ogn and settled there in the kingdom with King Nordri" (11).
"One day he set off with a large company of armed men and, without warning, he landed in the country ruled by the powerful Queen
Olof" (11). (Aquatic travel = implied).
"She took a leather sack made for sleeping and placed some clothes in it. After that she grabbed hold of the king and stuffed him into
the sack. Then she called her men and had them carry the king to his ships" (12).
"The queen next awakened Helgi's men, telling them that their king had gone back to the ships and, because of a favourable wind, was
planning to set sail" (12).
"When the men arrived at the ships, the king was nowhere to be found" (13).
"When he and his men heard from the land the sound of trumpets and the blast of war horns, Helgi realized that it would be best to get
away as quickly as possible. As it turned out, a fair wind was blowing at the time. King Helgi sailed home to his kingdom, bvearing
this dishonour and disgrace. He was filled with resentment about the outcome and often contemplated how to take vengeance on the
queen" (13).
"Not long afterward King Helgi again set sail in his ships. This time he headed toward Saxland, making for the queen's royal
residence. The queen had a large force ready, but Helgi landed his ships in a hidden inlet. He told his men to wait for him there until
the third day and, if he had not returned by then, to go their own way" (13).
"You will come with me to the ships and remain there for as long as it pleases me. For my own pride's sake I must take some
vengeance on you after the ugly and shameful way you toyed with me ... The king then slept with the queen for many nights" (15).
"King Helgi continued on his voyage, bringing war to others and acquiring fame" (15).
"King Hroar said, ... 'I have settled in Northumberland (part of England) and therefore am now willing to grant you my share of the
kingdom that we own jointly. I will make this agreement if you will share with me some of our treasured possessions'" (16).
"Once, while sailing down the coast, they put in a fjord. Hrok said, 'It seems to me, kinsman, that it would be worthy of your honour if
you placed the great ring under my control'" (17).
"'The best solution ... is that neither of us, or ... anyone else should enjoy it.' He then threw the ring as far out as he could into the sea"
(17).
"He gathered a large force and arrived with stealth in Northumberland ... A hard-fought battle ensued, but the sides were uneven and
King Hroar was killed" (18).
"Agnar sailed his ship into the fjord [into which Hrok had thrown the ring] ... Agnar got ready and dived into the deep [three times
before he] came up with the ring" (19).
"There was a king named Adils; he was powerful and greedy ... He ruled over Sweden. King Adils had heard of Yrsa and prepared his
ships, setting out to ask for an audience with Olof and Yrsa" (21).
"Yrsa was uncommitted either way, and it mattered little whether she said more or less concerning the proposal ... She accompanied
King Adils when he sailed off" (21).
"Do now as I tell you, King. Visit our child next winter at this same time down at your ships' landing. Unless you do so, you will pay
for it" (22).
"King Helgi prepared his voyage to Uppsala to retrieve Yrsa ... King Adils heard that Helgi had landed" (23). Aquatic transportation is
implied.
"Then King Adils' berserkers returned home. As soon as they had landed, King Adils met them secretly. He ordered the berserkes to
hide in the woods between the fortress and King Helgi's ships. From there the berserkers were to ambush King Helgi when he returned
to his ships" (23-24). Implied.
"Not long afterward, news of war reached the king. The berserkers, having gathered a large force, were raiding his territories" (28).
This could be significant, given the fact that "the king ... [had] outlawed the remaining berserkers" (28).
"The Vikings (this term means pirates or raiders in general, not the ethnic term) at first reeled back ... Those raiders still alive fled to
their ships and escaped" (29).
"The Vikings had twice as many men as Svipdag" (30).

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"Hring's countrymen and counsellors asked him to remarry, and so he sent men to the south seeking a wife. But strong headwinds and
powerful storms forced them to turn their prows around, letting the ships run before the wind. So it happened that driven by the wind,
they were forced north to Finnmark, where they remained for the winter" (34). "Bjorn, the king's son, and Bera, the freeman's

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HROLF KRAKI (2/2)
daughter, had played together as children, and the two were very close. The freeman was wealthy; he had long been out raiding and in
his youth had been a great champion" (36).
"Bodvar, telling Hott to be quiet, picked him up and carried him from the hall to a nearby lake. Few paid attention to this. Bodvar
washed Hott completely and then returned to the same place on the bench where he had sat previously" (48).

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BEOWULF
"Shield was still thriving when his time came/ ... [His warrior band] shouldered him out to the sea's flood,/ ... A ring-whorled prow
rode in the harbor,/ ice-clad, outbound, a craft for a prince./ They stretched their beloved lord in his boat,/ laid out by the mast,
amidships,/ the great ring-giver. Far-fetched treasures/ were piled upon him, and precious gear./ I never heard before of a ship so well
furbished/ with battle-tackle, bladed weapons/ and coats of mail ... / [They] launched him alone out over the waves" (26-46).
"When he heard about Grendel ... / He ordered a boat/ that would ply the waves. He announced his plan:/ to sail the swan's road and
seek out that king" (194-200).
"Time went by, the boat was on water,/ ... warriors loaded/ a cargo of weapons .../ Over the waves, with the wind behind her/ and
foam at her neck, she flew like a bird/ until her curved prow had covered the distance,/ and on the following day, at the due hour,/
those seafarers sighted land,/ sunlit cliffs, sheer crags/ and looming headlands, the landfall they sought./ ... They thanked God/ for that
easy crossing on a calm sea" (210-228).
"What kind of men are you who arrive/ rigged out for combat in your coats of mail,/ sailing here over the sea-lanes/ in your steep-
hulled boat? .../ Before you fair inland/ as interlopers, I have to be informed/ about who you are and where you hail from./ Outsiders
from across the water,/I say it again: the sooner you tell/ where you come from and why, the better" (237-257).
"I'll order my own comrades/ on their word of honor to watch your boat" (293-294).
"The ship rode the water,/ broad-beamed, bound by its hawser/ and anchored fast" (301-303).
"May the Almighty/ Father keep you and in His kindness/ watch over your exploits. I'm away to the sea,/ back on alert against enemy
raiders" (316-319).
"People from Geatland have put ashore./ They have sailed far over the wide sea" (361-362).
"A crew of seamen who sailed for me once/ with a gift-cargo across to Geatland/ returned with marvelous tales about him" (377-379).
"News of Grendel,/ hard to ignore, reached me at home:/ sailors brought stories of the plight you suffer" (409-411).
"I battled and bound five beasts,/ raided a troll-nest and in the night-sea/ slaughtered sea brutes" (420-422).
"There was a feud one time, begun by your father./ With his own hands he had killed Heatholaf/ who was a Wulfing; so war was
looming/ and his people, in fear of it, forced him to leave./ He came away then over rolling waves/ to the South-Danes here" (459-
464).
(501-581): Unferth's boast and part of Beowulf's response
"The chieftain went on to reward the others:/ each man on the bench who had sailed with Beowulf/ and risked the voyage received a
bounty" (1049-1051).
Finnsburg episode = "No ring-whorled prow could up then/ and away on the sea. Wind and water/ raged with storms" (1131-1133).
"Over sea-lanes then/ back to Daneland the warrior troop/ bore that lady home" (1156-1158).
(1361-1376): Description of Grendel's mother's lake/home
(1425-1441): Description of monsters in Grendel's lake
"He dived into the heaving/ depths of the lake. It was the best part of a day/ before he could see the solid bottom" (1494-1496).
(1497-1517): Crossing the water into her cave
"The wide water, the waves and pools,/ were no longer infested once the wandering fiend/ let go of her life and this unreliable world"
(1620-1622).
(1690-1693): Flood destroying the giants
"He was a weary seafarer, far from home" (1794).
"Now we who crossed the wide sea/ have to inform you that we feel a desire/ to return to Hygelac" (1818-1820).
"If ever I hear from across the ocean/ that people on your borders are threatening battle/ ... I shall land with a thousand thanes at my
back/ to help your cause" (1826-1830).
"What you have done is to draw two peoples,/ the Geat nation and us neighboring Danes,/ into a shared peace and a pact of
friendship/ in spite of hatreds we have harbored in the past" (1855-1858).
(1903-1914): Beowulf sails home.
(2029-2069): Marriage between to cultural groups.
"Then over sea-roads/ exiles arrived" (2379-2380).
"It will loom on the horizon at Hronesness/ and be a reminder among my people-/ so that in coming times crews under sail/ will call it
Beowulf's Barrow, as they steer/ ships across the wide and shrouded waters" (2804-2808).

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TOLKIEN ARTICLE
Nothing related to ships or travel per say, but you could use the article to prove hella shit.

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