Name: Date:
UNIT TEST 1
READING
A Read the article about human emotions and behaviour.
A Scientific Look At Human Behaviour And Emotions
Even though we look different and we believe in
different things, we all have one thing in common –
emotions. Psychologists and other experts have been
researching the way we feel for over a hundred years.
A around anxious people. Psychologists refer to this as
In 1980, Robert Plutchik created the 'wheel of
emotions'. This consisted of eight basic emotions that
could be paired into four sets of opposites. These
opposite pairs are joy and sadness, trust and disgust,
fear and anger, and surprise and anticipation. He went
further by classifying feelings, such as optimism, love,
disappointment, aggression and a few more, as the
results of emotions.
He suggested that the eight basic emotions have
existed since primitive times, and that they have
evolved in order to increase the ability of all animals -
not just humans - to survive when they have to deal with
issues in their environments. An example of this is the
fight-or-flight response. When we feel fear due to a
threat, our brains are programmed to make the body
react in certain ways. Our heart rate increases to pump
more blood around the body and we breathe faster to
get more oxygen into our blood. The blood then carries
oxygen to the muscles, allowing them to work harder,
and thus helping us to either fight or run away.
B conducted by Wendell Johnson and Mary Tudor, a
The concept of emotional intelligence was investigated
in the famous marshmallow experiment carried out by
psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. In the
test, a group of four-year- old children were given a
marshmallow and told they could eat it right away or
they would get another one if they could wait for the
researcher to return. Some children ate the
marshmallow immediately; others waited for a short
while before they ate it; while others waited for the
researcher to come back about 15 minutes later.
The researchers then followed the progress of each
child into adolescence, and discovered that those with
the ability to wait were better adjusted, more
dependable, popular, confident, and adventurous than
those who had given in to temptation; they also scored
higher on school tests. The children who had not been
able to wait were more likely to be lonely, easily
frustrated and stubborn, did not cope well with stress
and were afraid of challenges. It became clear to
researchers that the ability to fight an impulse is an
important skill and a sign of emotional intelligence.
B2.
C
We know that certain illnesses are catching, but did you
know that emotions are, too? This explains why we
tend to feel happy around happy people and agitated
'emotional contagion' and it can be traced to a network
of brain cells that form the Mirror Neuron System
(MNS).
Here's an example of how it works. When you see a
smiling, happy person, your MNS notices activity in the
muscles that pull the lips upwards and the ones that
crease the sides of the eyes. The MNS will then signal
your own smile muscles so that you too smile.
Emotional contagion helped early humans to
communicate and understand each other before the
development of language and it is present from birth.
For example, one crying baby will cause another baby
to cry. Studies also show that infants mirror the facial
expressions of their mothers, which suggests that they
feel the same emotions, too, and that their MNS has
recorded and reacted to the emotions of the mother.
D
The Monster Study was a stuttering experiment
focused on 22 orphan children in the USA, in 1939
student of his at the University of Iowa.
The children were told they were going to receive
speech therapy and were divided into two groups. The
real purpose of the experiment, however, was to create
stuttering in healthy children and to observe whether
stutterers' speech would improve if they were told they
spoke well.
Tudor gave positive comments to one group of the
children. She praised their speech and told them they
were fine speakers. The second group, however,
received the opposite treatment. They were informed
that their speech was imperfect and that they stuttered.
Many of the children who spoke normally, but received
negative comments, were deeply affected and
developed speech problems that lasted for the rest of
their lives.
It was named 'The Monster Study' by some of
Johnson’s colleagues who were horrified that he had
experimented on orphan children to prove a theory, and
the University of Iowa publicly apologised for the
Monster Study in 2001.
B Read the article again. For questions 1 – 10, choose from paragraphs (A – D). The paragraphs may be
chosen more than once.

Which paragraph mentions …. ?

a reward for certain behaviour? 1. ___
some functions of the human brain? 2. ___ 3.___
copying another person's mood? 4. ___
research that was criticised? 5. ___
the importance of emotions for survival? 6. ___
studies conducted on children? 7. ___ 8. ___
a connection between character and academic success? 9. ___
a specific survival mechanism? 10.___
( / 10 marks)

LISTENING
You will hear people talking in different situations. For questions 1-6, choose the best answer (a, b, c)
1. You hear a man talking about his family life. How 4. You hear a man a woman talking. Who is the
does he feel? man no longer on good terms with?
a. free a. his brother
b. lonely b. his sister-in-law
c. anxious c. his children
2. You hear a mother talking to her son. Why is she
5. You hear a man talking about flying. What did he
talking to him?
dislike about it?
a. to congratulate him
a. confined spaces
b. to calm him down
b. heights
c. to give him some advice
c. being bored
3. You hear two teenagers talking. What is the girl
dissatisfied with? 6. You hear a woman talking on the radio. What is
a. her appearance she?
b. her weight a. a school teacher
c. her performance at school b. an agony aunt
c. a writer
( /6 marks)

VOCABULARY AND USE YOUR ENGLISH

A. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word in brackets.
Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.

1 When I was young, I liked reading comics, but I don't now. (TO)
I comics, but I don't now.

2 We moved here five years ago. (FOR)

We five years.

3 Tom has never been to a Japanese restaurant before. (THE)

It's been to a Japanese restaurant.

4 How long have they been in New York? (ARRIVE)

When in New York?

5 The last time Jose saw Miguel was the day they won the championship. (SEEN)
Jose the day they won the championship. ( / 10 marks)
 B. Now choose the correct answers (__ 20 marks)

1 It's too to drive on the icy road. 11 I looked in at the man who had thrown a glass
a dangerous of water at the stray cat.
b disgusting a shame
c disastrous b confidence
d frightened c disgust
2 If you want people to understand how you feel you d pride
have to your emotions. 12 Poor Julie was so much agony that we had
a affect to rush her to the hospital.
b effect a on
c convey b in
d express c with
3 Gary got a bit of a(n) when the bird flew into his d at
bedroom. 13 Just curiosity, do you know if he's got a
a anxiety girlfriend?
b misery a at a
c fury b in a
d fright c out of
4 Please don't of the race! You might win! d from
a freak out 14 All this negative behaviour is going to to
b chicken out terrible consequences.
c bottle up a lead
d cheer up b connect
5 Macy is a talented singer, but she has no in her c respond
ability. d focus
a optimism 15 It is ____ deep regret that I bring you this sad news.
b enthusiasm a in
c confidence b with
d amazement c out of
6 What's so about this painting? It looks boring d under
to me. 16 The children were very about going to the fun
a severe park and had a great time there.
b strict a enthusiastic
c shame b optimistic
d special c eager
7 Stop being so and try to think logically. d scared
a uncontrollable 17 Everyone here today will be responsible. a
b uncomfortable different task.
c irrational a for
d irregular b from
8 My daughter got wonderful grades this year. I'm so c with
of her. d to
a proud 18 on what you told me, I think you've made the
b amazed right decision.
c terrified a Interested
d anxious b Based
9 You have to on the positive aspects of the job c Concentrated
rather than the negative ones. d Focused
a evaluate 19 I was _____ the edge of my seat throughout the
b lead horror movie!
c respond a at
d focus b in
10 When Sherry tears, it was clear that something c on
was wrong. d under
a carried out 20 The event was a complete disaster. I'm a loss
b calmed down for words to explain why.
c freaked out a with
d burst into b at
c in
d. from
 GRAMMAR
A Choose the correct answers (__ /20 marks)

1 I'm on good terms with my cousin. I to him twice d I am just having

a week. 11 The neurosurgeon the patient at the moment.
a am talking a is examining
b talk b examine
c talks c examines
d are talking d are examining
2 ghosts are scary? 12 ' to the cinema to see that thriller tonight?'
a Are you thinking a Is he going
b Do you think b Does he go
c You are thinking c He is going
d You think d He goes
3 The scientists research on motor skills since 13 ' for your psychology exam all night?'
2007. 'Yes. That's why I look so exhausted.'
a have been doing a Have you studied
b have done b Have you been studying
c are doing c You haven't been studying
d do d Are you studying
4 Do you know how much a human brain. ? 14 Greta ___ us about body language – it's really
a is weighing interesting. Listen.
b weigh a has been telling
c weighs b tells
d are weighing c tell
5 ' alone?' 'Yes, unfortunately, so she often feels d have told
lonely.' 15 You ____ really stressed, Jakob. Calm down!
a Has your grandmother been living a sounds
b Is your grandmother living b are sounding
c Your grandmother lives c sounding
d Does your grandmother live d sound
6 in New York till Saturday; we're coming back on 16 Dr Stan at the research centre for ten years.
Friday. a has worked
a Are we staying b is working
b We aren't staying c works
c We stay d work
d We don't stay 17 I've got a lot of problems and I more and more
7 'What do you do when you see a spider?' anxious.
'Oh, I have a phobia, so I scream!' a have got
a never b am getting
b rarely c have been getting
c seldom d is getting
d always 18 I haven't seen any good films .
8 'My mum about my bad marks. It's so annoying!' a ever
a always freaking out b already
b freak out always c once
c is always freaking out d lately
d is freaking out always 19 ' to the communication seminar?'
9 This is the most disgusting food. ! 'Yes, do you want to wait for him to come back?'
a we ever have eaten a Has Tom been
b we haven't ever eaten b Does Tom go
c we have ever eaten c Has Tom gone
d have we ever eaten d Is Tom going
10 'Are you hungry?' 20 Birds ____ south in the winter.
'No, lunch.' a are flying
a I just have had b fly
b have I just had c flies
c I have just had d is flying
WRITING
Your English speaking friend, Nigel, is thinking of travelling around your country. Read Nigel's email and the notes you
have made. Then write an email to Nigel using all your notes. (140–190 words)

From: Nigel Carruthers

Sent: 19th April
Subject: Travel

Hi!

How are you? How were your exams?  Tell him

I've been thinking about visiting your country! I want to travel around and see as much of it as I can. I'd like
to come in April or May. Is that a good time?  Yes, because

I know you've been to many places there so I was wondering if you could recommend some for me to see. I
particularly like historical sights.  Suggest

Also, can you tell me about some of the customs or traditions in your country? Will I be able to experience
any while I'm there?  Yes, give details

One last thing, would you be able to travel with me?

 No, explain why
Reply soon,
Nigel

( / 10 marks)