4.F6TesT Software Presentation-Aug2004

Knowledge Is Power SM
Apparatus Maintenance and Power Management

for Energy Delivery
F6TEST
Visual Software for Testing Protection Relays
JUN VERZOSA
SR. APPLICATION ENGINEER (Protective relaying)
Doble Engineering Company
April 2004
F6TesT Software - Requirements
Instruments Supported
• F6150
• F6150A
F6000 Firmware Requirements
• 2.10 or later
F6TesT Software - Requirements
HW & SW Requirements
Pentium III 700MHz or higher recommended
Microsoft Windows 98, Windows NT Service Pack 6, Windows
2000, or Windows XP
An 800 by 600 VGA, 256 color is the minimum recommended.
A mouse pointing device
At least 150 MB of free disk space.
128 MB of RAM, higher is recommended when other programs are
also running.
CD-ROM or DVD-ROM Drive
An available Serial Port in the PC or USB port + Serial Adaptor or
Network card with BNC Connector.
Serial cable or Ethernet BNC cable for communicating with the
F6000 power system simulator.
CHARACTERISTICS LIBRARY
Overcurrent, Under/Over Voltage, Z General Differential

Z Standard Characteristics
Under/Over Frequency, Differential
Mho / Offset Mho . Bias Equations &
Characteristic Building Blocks
Characteristic Equations Characteristic
Model Arcs / Lines
Lookup Tables Tables
F6TesT
Architecture
RELAY
Function 1 Function 3
Element 1 Element 2 Element 1
Element 2
Function 2
Element 1
Digital I/O and Triggers
Element 2 Element n
Test 1 Test 2
Test 1 Test 1 Test 3
Test 3
Test 2 Test 2 Test n
TEST PLAN 1 TEST PLAN 2 TEST PLAN N

F6TEST
Database
F6TesT Location
Level 1
Relay
Manufacturers
Characteristics
Architecture
Z Mho
Relational Database of
Chraracteristcs
Location Level 2
(up to 3 levels)
Characteristics, Relay Elements / Z General

RELAY
Functions Setting Characteristics
Relays and protection functions,

Input/Output Differential
Test Plans, Tests and Results Mapping Characteristics
Test Plans
Test Module Test Definition
More Test
Definitions
More Test Modules
More Locations / More More

Sub-locations Relays Test Plans
F6TesT Software - Features
¾User Interface Formats

Tabular & Graphical
Graphical Interface for –

¾Modeling Relay Characteristics
¾Defining Test Points / Test Lines
¾Visual presentation of ongoing tests
¾Visual presentation of test results
Characteristic Modeling of I, V, F Relays
General Characteristic Equations

Specific Characteristics based on
Equations and Constants
Look-up Tables
General Characteristic Equations can be

defined for families of relay characteristics
• Manufacturer’s equations
• User-defined equations
• Example:
Time = A * ( T * B / ( M ^ P – C ) + D )

Example: GE equation for IAC
Time = T*(A+B/(M-C)+D/(M-C)^2 +E/(M-C)^3 )

¾Create specific relay characteristics by:

¾Selecting a previously defined general
characteristic equation
¾Entering characteristic constants to make
¾ Inverse
¾ Very Inverse
¾ Etc.

¾Relay (SEL 321)

¾Overcurrent Equations
¾US Inverse Curves
time = T ( B + A / (M^P – 1)
B = 0.0963, A = 3.88, P = 2
¾Definite Time
time = Time Setting
Look-Up Table for some relays w/o equations, like

ABB Type CO relays
• Type Values in table manually
• Copy from any table (Excel, Word, etc.) and
Paste in Look-up Table
• Import table from Excel file, or
• Import from ASCII (csv) file

¾Default Library
¾Standard IEEE and IEC Equations
¾Manufacturer’s Gen. Equations
¾Manufacturer’s Specific Characteristics
¾User can add more …
¾Characteristic Equations
¾Specific characteristics
¾Look-up Tables
Characteristic Modeling of Diff Relays
Look-Up Table to define relay characteristic curves

• Type Values in table manually, or
• Copy from any table (Excel, Word, etc.) and
Paste in Look-up Table
Curve types
• Idiff vs Ibias (restraint)
• Ip vs Is
Characteristic Modeling of Impedance Relays
Standard Mho and Offset Mho

General type Characteristics, built from a
combination of Lines and Circular Arcs
Quadrilateral
Bullet
Lens, tomato
Etc.
Defining General Characteristic Equations

Select Function
Select Characteristic Equations

Click New
Type Equation Name
Type Equation
Reserved Variables:
M = multiple of tap setting
T = time dial
Click Parse Equation…
Equation is validated and
constants will display
Defining a Specific Relay Characteristic

Select Characteristic Constants
Select / type Manufacturer
Click New.
Type Characteristic Name
Select Equation. Fields

for Constants will appear.
Enter Description and

Constants.
Then Save
Displaying Curves
Comparing Curves
Relay Characteristics Using a Lookup Table
Select Function
Click Look-up Table
Select Manufacturer
Click New
Type Characteristic Name and Description
Click Key In
A dialog box appears
To Key in manually
Enter the correct number of columns if more than 12
To Copy and Paste from a Table

Simply click OK
Number of columns and rows will be automatically
adjusted when table is pasted.
Then Key in data

and
Save
Copy from Spreadsheet Table
Block and
Copy this table
Select this cell

then Paste
Click to
display graph
Click Save
Copying Characteristics between Databases
Modeling Impedance Elements

¾Mho / Offset-Mho
¾General Shapes - combination of lines
and/or circular arcs
¾Quadrilateral
¾Bullet
¾Lens / tomato
¾Other complex characteristics.
Modeling impedance elements

Mho Characteristic
Modeling a general impedance element
Basic Building Bricks

¾Straight Lines
¾Circular Arcs
¾Polar form
¾Cartesian form
Modeling General-type Impedance Elements

Lines: Point & Angle


Circular Arc
• Center
• Radius
• Start Angle
• End Angle


Intersection Points between

Adjacent Lines are
Calculated Automatically



What happens when you enter wrong data?

A new and much easier way

A new and much easier way
Differential Relay Characteristics Lookup Table
Select Function
Click Look-up Table

Select Manufacturer
Click New
Type Characteristic Name and Description
Select either:
Ibias vs. Idiff
Ip vs. Is
Fill In Table
Click Save
View Graph
Differential Relay Characteristics Lookup Table
Ibias (restraint) vs. Idiff
Operate
Region
Idiff
No Op or
Restraint
Region
Ibias
Ip vs. Is
Idiff = 0
Ip vs. Is Mirror Image
Is
No Op
Is
Operate
Region
Ip Ip
Differential Relay Bias (restraint) Equations
Ibias = ( a |Ip| + b |Is| ) / c

( a Ip + b Is ) / c
Min (|Ip|, |Is| )
Max (|Ip|, |Is| )
√ ( | Ip | * | Is | * cos α )
Unknown
Tree View and List View

Relay Definition
¾Relay parameters
¾Ratings (V, I, f)
¾Relay functions and settings
¾ Relay elements for each fault type
¾ I, V, F characteristics
¾ Impedance characteristics
¾ Pickup settings
¾ Time settings
¾ Tolerances
Relay Definition - Relay Parameters

Relay Definition
¾Relay parameters
¾ Nominal Ratings (V, I, f)
¾ Relay functions / setting groups
¾ Relay Element Settings
¾ Relay elements for each fault type
¾ I, V, F, diff characteristics
¾ Impedance characteristics
¾ Ratio and Vector compensation (diff)
¾ Pickup settings
¾ Time settings
¾ Tolerances
Add or Modify Overcurrent Function
Select element cell
Click Modify
Modify Overcurrent Element Settings
Select characteristic
Enter pickup and

time dial settings
Check if Element is Directional
Enter
tolerances
Relay Function Definition – Z characteristics

Add or Modify
Zone Element
Add or Modify Zone Element

Source Configuration
Z, I, V, F, Dir, Diff Testing
¾Automatic Source Configurations
¾Number of Sources
¾Sources Names
¾Auto - Ranging
¾Continuous / Transient Mode
¾Auto-detect F6150 vs F6150A
Source Configuration
Ssimul / Ramp
¾Source Configurations
¾Pre-defined
¾ 3V & 3I, 4V & 4I
¾ 3V & 6I, 6V & 6I, 0V & 6I, 6I & 0I F6150 only
¾User-defined
¾Auto - Ranging
¾Auto select Continuous / Transient Mode
Relay Logic I/O Connections

¾Digital Inputs / Outputs / Triggers
¾Direct Addressing
No need to map digital I/O to analog sources
¾User-given Names
¾Later, in the test modules, select triggers

by picking from above user-given names.
¾No need to move sense/trigger leads.
Defining Digital Inputs / Triggers

Selecting Triggers in the Test Modules

Test Modules Currently Available

¾Z-Time DiffChar
¾Z-Char Directional
¾ZMTA Ramp
¾I-Char VpHzRamp
¾V-Char Ssimul
¾F-Char Notebook
Z, I, V, F, Diff Testing
¾Concurrent testing of Multiple Relay Elements
¾Up to 8 Impedance Zones
¾Up to 3 Overcurrent Elements
¾Up to 4 Voltage Elements (over or under)
¾Up to 4 Frequency Elements (over or under)
¾Restrained/Non-Restrained Diff elements
I, V, F Relay Testing -
¾Automatic Calculation of Operate Times
¾Expected Time
¾Minimum acceptable time
¾Maximum acceptable time
¾User can edit these values if needed
Impedance Relay Testing -

¾Automatic Calculation of
¾Operate Time - Expected/Min/Max Values
¾Search Values of Z - Expected/Min/Max
¾Search Values for Lead/Lag Angle
¾Test Voltages and Currents (amplitude &
ph angle) corresponding to Fault Z
¾Expected, Min, Max Values can be edited

¾Dynamic Testing Methods
¾Pre-fault: Balanced 3ph V & I
¾Fault V and I :
Simultaneously
¾ Collapse Voltage Amplitudes
¾ Increase Current Amplitudes
¾ Change Phase Angles of V and I


Impedance Relay Testing –

¾Test Methods
¾Constant Test Current
¾Constant Test Voltage
¾Constant Source Z
¾Add’l options for Quad Characteristics

¾Separate Arc Resistance
¾Test Directional Line
¾Control of Fault Inception Angle and Time
Constant of decaying dc component

¾ Constant Test Current –
¾ Specify:
¾ Pre-fault Voltage Magnitude
¾ Test Fault Current
¾ Maximum Fault Voltage
¾ Fault Voltages are Automatically Calculated

If Vf exceeds maximum limit, Vf = max limit and
Fault current is recalculated
¾ Tests Static Characteristics


¾ Constant Test Voltage –
¾ Specify
¾ Test Fault Voltage for
¾ Ph-N faults
¾ Ph-Ph and 3Ph faults
¾ Test Current Limit
¾ Fault Currents are calculated

If Ifault exceeds maximum limit, Ifault = max limit and
Fault voltage is recalculated
¾ Tests Static Characteristics

Impedance Relay Testing – Constant Source Z

¾ Specify:
¾ Pre-fault voltage, Source Z, Current Limit
¾ Tests dynamic characteristics

Ground distance element
ZPh
• Test Using Separate
Arc Resistance Rf = R1G
Rf
• Test Directional Line
- R direction + R direction
ZP
h
An
g
RG
Directional Line
Phasor Diagram w/ V & I Table
Symmetrical
Components
Differential Relay Testing –

¾ Binary Search of Relay Characteristics
¾ Test at Actual Field Settings
¾ Single Phase
¾ Ratio Compensation or Tap Setting
¾ Three-phase
¾ Ratio Compensation or Tap Setting
¾ Phase Compensation, e.g., Yy0, Ydy0, Yd1, Yd11
¾ Different Nominal Currents for Primary and
Secondary
¾ Three-phase Test Currents are calculated
automatically

¾Test Methods
Differential Phasor Diagram and Currents


¾Line Current Differential Relay
¾Back-to-back testing
¾Single-phase test
¾Three-phase test
¾ Select Phase Comp = Yy0
Directional Relay Testing –

¾ Operating Current
¾ Independent Source, or
¾ Derived Current (e.g., I0, 3I0, I2, 3I2)
¾ Polarizing Quantity ( Voltage or Current)
¾ Independent Source
¾ Derived (e.g., VAB, VBC, VCA, I0, 3I0, V0, 3V0,
V2, 3V2)
¾ Fault Types
¾ Phase-to-Ground
¾ Phase-to-Phase
¾ Three-Phase
¾ Pure Zero-Sequence
¾ Pure Negative-Sequence
Z-Time test module – Test tab

Z-Time test module

Timing Test along a common fault angle.
R-X Plane Z-t Plane

Z-Time test module –

Spiral Test
¾Z-Char test module - Characteristic Search

¾Modified Binary Search
¾Search along Test Lines
¾Radial Lines
¾ Emanating from the Origin
¾ Emanating from a Point Offset from Origin
¾User-defined Test Lines
Z-Char test module - Radial Lines from Origin

Z-Char test module – Adding Test Lines
Radial Test Lines
Z-Char test module – Radial Test Lines
Test Results
Z-Char test module – User-drawn Lines

Z-Char test module – User-drawn Lines

Z-Char test module

Dynamic Characteristics - Mho Expansion
ZMTA test module

Binary Search
Lead / Lag Angles
MTA
I-Char test module

V-Char / F-char test modules

DiffChar test module

Ibias vs. Idiff
DiffChar test module

Ip vs. Is
Directional test module

¾ Ramp Test Module

Ramp test module

¾ Ramp Test Module – Graph example

Volts per Hertz Ramp test module

Volts per Hertz Ramp test module

SSIMUL – State Simulation

SSIMUL
¾ Digital Outputs
¾ Measurements
SSIMUL
¾ Auto Reclose
¾ Switch on to Fault
¾ Teleprotection schemes
¾ Various faults
¾ Current reversals
SSIMUL
¾ End-to-End Testing
¾ GPS Synchronization
¾ Battery Simulator
¾48V
¾125V
¾250V
¾Variable – 6V to 300V (new)

Running a Test
¾ In Test tab, Select what to Run
Z Time IChar
¾ Click on Run Button
Run Autorun Pause Abort

AutoRun
¾Check Tests to Run
¾Click on Autorun button
Run Autorun Pause Abort

¾ PC to F6000 Communication Setup

¾Menu: Tools > Communication
¾ Graphics Setup – Customize Graph Properties

¾ Menu: Setup> Options>Test Defaults – System Parameters

¾ Menu: …Test Defaults – Run/Autorun

¾ Menu: Setup> Options>Test Defaults – Miscellaneous

Report Templates
¾Long form
¾Short form
¾User-defined forms
In Test Modules select the

template form to be used
when previewing or
printing test reports
DATA VIEWS
¾Left Pane ¾Right Pane
¾Tree View ¾Detail Views
Data Views
¾Left Pane – Tree View
¾Location (3 levels)
¾Relay
¾Test Plan
¾Right Pane – Detail Views
¾Depends on what has been
selected in the left pane, and
¾Depends on Tabs selected
¾Data Views
¾Right Pane – Detail Views
¾Locations
¾ Relays
¾ Test Plans
* Tests
¾ Relay Parameters (Details of Ratings,
Functions, Settings, Characteristics)
¾ Connections & Signals
* Analog Signals (sources)
* Digital Inputs & Triggers
* Digital Outputs
¾ Notebook
* Originator / User Comments
* Attached files
A Relay Has …
¾Test Plan Relay Connections Notebook

¾Tests Parameters & Signals Originator
¾Test General Data Analog & User Text
Definitions Areas
Functions Digital Inputs
•Elements & & Triggers Attached
Settings Digital Files
•Characteristics Outputs
•Tolerances
Data Views
Locations
Data Views
Relays
Data Views
Test Plans
Data Views
Tests
¾Data View –
¾Relay Details
¾Relay Parameters
¾General Data
¾Functions and Settings
¾Connections & Signals
¾Analog Signals
¾Digital Inputs & Triggers
¾Digital Outputs
¾Notebook
Relay Parameters
¾Analog Signals
¾Digital Inputs and Triggers

¾Digital Outputs
¾Relay Notebook
F6TesT Software – Features
Predefined Z characteristics – lens, tomato, quad,

bullet – that can later be modified into other
shapes.
Z modules –
separate arc resistance for testing quad distance relay blinders
directional line testing
Fault Inception Angle
Minimum or maximum dc offset
User-selected fault inception angle
Random fault inception angle
Decaying dc L/R time constant (user-defined)
Plotting of Actual Characteristics after a

Characteristic Search
Hide/Show Reference Characteristics
Copying of Characteristics between Databases
Copy/Paste of test plans between relays
Sorting of test points for All Test Modules
Editing of Test Points for All Test Modules
Import of .rio files as F6TesT relay functions
Defining test points in Relative terms

Use existing relays and tests as templates for new
ones:
Copy and Paste the Relay
Change Settings
Apply changes to existing tests – automatic
recalculation of expected operating points,
including Trip time, Z reach, MTA, Idiff-Ibias
F6TesT Software
F6TesT Help
Creating a Relay
¾Create a relay from a location

¾Relay ID
¾Serial No. (optional)
¾Select/type Manufacturer
¾Select/type Relay Model
Note: If a Mfr or Relay Model is new, user

is asked if he wants to add it to the list
Creating a Relay
Manufacturers and Relay Models
¾ Manufacturer Name
¾ Contact Info
¾ Relay Model Number
Notes: Mfr. & Models that are in use cannot be deleted. Contact info and
model number can be modified but not the Mfr name
¾ Add / Delete / Display entries
Creating a Test
¾In the Test plan View, Append or Insert a Test

¾Select Test Type
¾Test Definition: Accept/Change Name &
Description
¾Select Relay Function and Elements to Test
¾Configure Test Conditions
¾Test Method and Parameters
¾Test Timing
¾Select Triggers
¾Define Test Points or Test Lines
¾Conduct Test
Creating a Test
¾ Test Definition
Creating a Test
Selecting Relay Function and Elements for Testing

Creating a Test
Test Configuration - Test Method

Creating a Test
Test Configuration –
Test Timing and Trigger Selection
Creating a Test
Z-Time test module - Defining Test Points

Creating a Test
Z-Time test module

Defining Test Points
Creating a Test
Add Test Points using:
R&X
|Z| and Angle
Angle, Zone, %Zone

(Relative to Zone Name)
Double-Click on Graph
Creating a Test
Z-Time test module

Adding Boundary Test Points.
F6TesT Software - Advantages
¾Library of Relay Characteristics

¾Easy to Model Relay Characteristics
¾User-friendly
¾Extensive Automatic Calculation
¾Auto Source Selection
¾Direct Addressing of Logic I/O
¾Copy a Relay, Paste, and Modify Settings …
Then Apply changes to exiting Tests
¾Easier and Faster to Prepare Test Plans
F6TesT Software - Advantages
¾Graphical UI Increases User Awareness

and Understanding of What is going On
During the Test.
¾Realistic Dynamic testing allows testing
the relay without disabling other relay
elements (to a large extent)
F6TesT Software - Future
Extern macro (for Relay Comm) similar to ProTesT

Manual Ramp (Creep) module for V, I and Z (Ph-N,
Ph-Ph & 3Ph faults) General Binary Search of V or I
Ramping of two parameters simultaneously, in
addition to VpHzRamp
Line Differential system end-to-end testing, GPS
synchronized
More Diff testing – Dedicated modules for inrush
restraint testing (harmonic restraint or gap type)
stability checking for external faults, timing test
Library of Templates for Relays and Test Plans

- Create new relays from templates
- Create new test plans from templates
- User-editable
Import of Relay Settings
CAPE Database
ASPEN Database
Directly from Relay via Comms
User-defined Source Configuration for All Modules
User-Interface for selective copying of multiple

groups of locations, relays and test plans
Complete Reports of selected locations, relays, test
plans, tests; including a UI for selecting items for
previewing, printing or exporting.
Graphics Setup
- Two standard setups (dark and light background)
- Additional User-defined setups
Copy/paste of results in all tables
Support for F6300, in addition to F6150 & F6150A

F6TesT Short-cut Keys
¾ F1 - Help
¾ F12 - Run
¾ Alt-F12 - Auto Run
¾ Del - Delete a Record
¾ Esc - Cancel
¾ Ctrl+N - Create a New Database
¾ Ctrl+O - Open an Existing Database
¾ Ctrl+A - Append a Record
¾ Ctrl+I - Insert a Record
¾ Ctrl+S - Save a Test
¾ Ctrl+C - Copy
¾ Ctrl+X - Cut
¾ Ctrl+V - Paste
¾ Ctrl+F - Find
F6TesT Abbreviations
¾ When Running Tests Some Results May Appear As:

¾ NF – Not Found. The actual point was not found during the
binary search test.
¾ ITH – Current Too High. Occurs when the Required Current is
Above the Limit of the F6000 Instrument Source Configuration.
¾ VTH – Voltage Too High. Occurs when the Required Voltage is
Above the Limit of the F6000 Instrument Source Configuration
¾ FDS – Fault Duration Short. Occurs if the Specified Maximum
Fault Duration is Less than the Maximum Expected Operate
Time for a Test Point Being Run.
¾ TTD – Transient Time Duration is too long. Occurs if
the Test Current Requires a Transient Mode and the Time
Required for one of the States is greater than 1.5s.
¾ SChk – Sense Check error occurred.
¾ SRC – Source Error occurred
F6TesT Software
Demo -
Simulation &
Actual Relay Testing
F6TesT Hands-on Exercises
¾Create New Database

¾Add Overcurrent Characteristics
¾General Equations
¾Specific Characteristics
¾Lookup Tables
¾Create Locations and Relays
¾Set Functions, Elements, Settings
¾Define Digital Inputs and Triggers
¾ Create Test Plans and Tests
¾Select Elements to Test
¾Test Configuration
¾Timing & Trigger Settings
¾Fault Calculation
¾Add Test Points
¾Various methods of adding test points
¾Graph Options
¾Perform Test
¾ Viewing Reports
Testing Impedance Relays

¾ Add Impedance Function
¾Zones and Elements
¾Settings and Characteristics
¾Define Digital Inputs and Triggers
¾ Create Test Plans and Tests
¾Z-Time, ZChar, ZMTA
¾Test Methods
¾Graph Planes: R-X and Z-Time
¾Add Test Points and Test Lines
¾ Perform Test
Differential Relay Testing

¾ Create Relay with Differential Function
¾Operating Characteristics
¾Settings
¾ Create Test Plan and Tests
¾Test Methods
¾Add Test Points
¾Graph Views
¾ Perform Test
Directional Relay Testing

¾ Create Relay with Directional Function
¾Settings
¾ Create Test Plan and Tests
¾Test Configuration
¾Fault Types
¾Graph Views
State Simulation Testing

Ramp Testing
¾Relay (SEL 321)

¾Overcurrent Equations
¾US Inverse Curves
A = 3.88, B = 0.0963, P = 2
¾Definite Time
time = Time Setting
¾Relay (SEL 321)

¾Overcurrent Settings
¾US Curve 3: Very Inverse
¾Tap Setting:
Phase = 7.5A, I0 = 1.5A
¾Time Dial:
Phase = 1, I0 =1
¾Definite Time, I0 only
Tap Setting = 15A
time = 0.03s
¾ Relay (SEL 321)

¾Impedance Settings
¾Line: Z1MAG = 7.80 Ohms; Z1ANG = 83.97 deg
¾Phase Elements: Mho, All Forward
¾ Zone1, Z1P = 6.24 Ohms
¾Ground Elements: Quad, All Forward
¾ Zone1: XG1 = 6.24 Ohms; RG1 = 6.24 Ohms
¾ Zone2: XG2 = 9.36 Ohms; RG2 = 9.36 Ohms
¾ Zone3: XG3 = 15 Ohms; RG3 = 12 Ohms
¾Time: Phase and Ground
Zone1=Inst; Zone2=20cyc; Zone3=40cyc
DOBLE ENGINEERING COMPANY
85, WALNET STREET
MA, USA
E-MAIL: jverzosa@doble.com
Website: www.doble.com

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4.F6TesT Software Presentation-Aug2004

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Knowledge Is Power SM

Apparatus Maintenance and Power Management

Overcurrent, Under/Over Voltage, Z General Differential

Element 1 Element 2 Element 1

Test 2 Test 2 Test n

TEST PLAN 1 TEST PLAN 2 TEST PLAN N

Characteristics, Relay Elements / Z General

Relays and protection functions,

Test Plans, Tests and Results Mapping Characteristics

Test Module Test Definition

More Test Modules

More Locations / More More

¾User Interface Formats

Graphical Interface for –

Characteristic Modeling of I, V, F Relays

General Characteristic Equations

Characteristic Modeling of I, V, F Relays

General Characteristic Equations can be

Characteristic Modeling of I, V, F Relays

Time = T*(A+B/(M-C)+D/(M-C)^2 +E/(M-C)^3 )

Characteristic Modeling of I, V, F Relays

¾Create specific relay characteristics by:

Characteristic Modeling of I, V, F Relays

¾Relay (SEL 321)

Characteristic Modeling of I, V, F Relays

Look-Up Table for some relays w/o equations, like

Characteristic Modeling of I, V, F Relays

Characteristic Modeling of Diff Relays

Look-Up Table to define relay characteristic curves

Characteristic Modeling of Impedance Relays

Standard Mho and Offset Mho

Defining General Characteristic Equations

Select Characteristic Equations

Defining a Specific Relay Characteristic

Select / type Manufacturer

Select Equation. Fields

Enter Description and

Click Look-up Table

Type Characteristic Name and Description

A dialog box appears

To Copy and Paste from a Table

Then Key in data

Select this cell

Modeling Impedance Elements

Modeling impedance elements

Modeling a general impedance element

Basic Building Bricks

Modeling General-type Impedance Elements

Modeling General-type Impedance Elements

Lines: Point & Angle

Modeling General-type Impedance Elements

Modeling General-type Impedance Elements

Modeling General-type Impedance Elements

Modeling General-type Impedance Elements

Intersection Points between

Modeling General-type Impedance Elements

Modeling General-type Impedance Elements

Modeling General-type Impedance Elements

Modeling General-type Impedance Elements

Modeling General-type Impedance Elements

Click Look-up Table

Differential Relay Bias (restraint) Equations

Ibias = ( a |Ip| + b |Is| ) / c