CNT Based Photonic Devices

Yasser Shamsollahi

Prof:M.K.Moravvej

November2010 1
Cnt conductivity
CNT with indices (n, m)

draw n a1 unit vectors across the

graphene sheet
draw m a2 unit vectors at a 60° angle
to the a1 vectors

n = m (chiral angle = 0°) "armchair“

m = 0 (chiral angle = 30°) "zigzag“

|m – n| = 3k (k is integer) “metallic”
|m – n| = 3k ± 1 “semiconducting”

The nanotube diameter d is related to

m and n as:

d 
a

n 2
 nm  m 2 

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 Varient Rolling The Sheet
Armchair nanotube Zigzag nanotube

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 Density of Electronic
States
The sharp peaks called Van Hove singularities.

* Optical transitions between the v1 − c1, v2 −

c2, etc.
states labeled as S11, S22, M11, etc.
if the "conductivity" of the tube is unknown or
unimportant, as E11, E22, etc.
Crossover transitions c1 − v2, c2 − v1, etc., are
dipole-forbidden and thus are extremely weak.
Y. Miyauchi et al. (2006)

* The energies between the Van Hove

singularities depend on the nanotube structure.
by varying structure, one can tune the
optoelectronic properties of carbon nanotube.
K. Iakoubovskii et al. (2006)

* Optical transitions are rather sharp (~10

meV) and strong.
easy to selectively excite nanotubes having
certain (n, m) indices
detect optical signals from individual nanotubes.

Y. Miyauchi et al. (2006) 4

 various processes that create
photoluminescence
in an SWCNT

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M. W. Brennan Wilson; PhD thesis; Queen’s University 2008
CNT tight binding electronic structure,
(a) Graphene electronic
structure calculated using simple tight
binding, (b) Cutting lines, shown in
green, due to quantization in the
circumferential direction. Top and
bottom
rows show metallic and
semiconducting CNTs, respectively, (c)
3D depiction
of the Dirac cone after quantization,
(d) Projection of the Dirac cone slices
onto a plane, translating linear to
orbital momentum, (e) ID density of
states with van Hove singularities.

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 Kataura plot

band structure with certain (n, m) can be

calculated
S. Maruyama (2008)
calculation is complex and not accurate
enough : an experimental graph named
"Kataura plot“
Hiromichi Kataura (1999)

A Kataura plot relates the nanotube

diameter and its bandgap energies
H. Kataura et al. (1999)

strong dependence of the SWCNT

properties on the (n, m) index rather than
on its diameter.

(10, 0) =(8, 3) in diameter, but very

different properties: the former is a
H. Kataura et al. (1999)
metal, but the latter is semiconductor.

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 Optical absorption

Absorption in nanotubes originates from

electronic transitions from the v2 to c2
(energy E22) or v1 to c1 (E11) levels, etc.
S. B. Sinnott and R. Andreys (2001)

The transitions are relatively sharp and

can be used to identify nanotube types.

Optical absorption is routinely used to

quantify quality of the carbon nanotube
powders

*nanotube-related peaks
*background
*pi-carbon peak
the latter two mostly originate from non-
nanotube carbon. M. E. Itkis et al. (2005)

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 2D Rod array Of Arbitrary Isotropic
Material
Calculated photonic band structure for a triangular
lattice of isotropic Material in air for E-polarization and
H-polarization modes
Calculated photonic band structure for a square
lattice of isotropic Material in air for E-polarization and
H-polarization modes
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 Gap position v.s Refractive index
Dependence of band gap positions on the refractive Dependence of band gap positions on the refractive
index for the triangular lattice index for the square lattice

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Carbon Nanotube
diameter range 0.4–40 nm (i.e. "only"
~100 times)

length can vary ~10,000 times

reaching 4 cm.

aspect ratio, or the length-to-diameter

132,000,000:1

properties :extremely anisotropic

(directionally dependent) and tunable. Xiulin Ruan et.al 2010

efficiency : yet relatively low

narrow selectivity in the wavelength

of emission and detection of light and
the possibility of its fine tuning
through the nanotube structure

T de losArcos et.al 2007

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 Concolusion
• We can have absolute band gap in visible and
UV regime by 2D array of aligned CNTs that
can be use for UV filtering

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 Other References
• [3] WENSHAN CAI, UDAY K. CHETTIAR, ALEXANDER V. KILDISHEV AND VLADIMIR M. SHALAEV "
Optical cloaking with metamaterials " nature photonics | VOL 1 | APRIL 2007 224-227
•
• [4] Hua Bao, Xiulin Ruan*, and Timothy S. Fisher " Optical properties of ordered vertical arrays of
multi-walled carbon nanotubes from FDTD simulations " March 2010 / Vol. 18, No. 6 / OPTICS
EXPRESS 6347- 6359
•
• [5] Tao Xu,* Suxia Yang, Selvakumar V. Nair, and H. E. Ruda " Nanowire-array-based photonic crystal
cavity by finite-difference time-domain calculations" PHYSICAL REVIEW B 75, 125104 2007
•
• [6] Stephen K. Gray* and Teobald Kupka " Propagation of light in metallic nanowire arrays: Finite-
difference time-domain studies " PHYSICAL REVIEW B 68, 045415 2003
•
• [7] Fernando L. Teixeira " Time-Domain Finite-Difference and Finite-Element Methods for Maxwell
Equations in Complex Media " IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 56,
NO. 8, AUGUST 2008
•
• [8] Yonatan Sivan,* Shumin Xiao, Uday K. Chettiar, Alexander V. Kildishev, and Vladimir M. Shalaev "
Frequency-domain simulations of a negative index material with embedded gain" December 2009 /
Vol. 17, No. 26 / OPTICS EXPRESS 24060- 24074

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Thank you

To Be Continued . . .
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