BIO3153 -- Lecture 1

Cell Biology- Introduction

Short cut to do bullets on the keyboard – ctrl-shft-L
Professor Dr. Jonz – GNN260. Office hours are Fridays 2:30pm-4:00pm

Cyto=cell

The cytoskeleton is like a network of tracks that bring things from point A to Point B

For the midterm we will cover topics 1, 2, and 3. Then after the course will have the final involve all five
topics.
Protein sorting will be focussed specifically when the protein leaves the ribosome.
There are membrane transporters that select only water molecules and wont even select a proton. It is
in very specific.

LECTURE START – general aspects of cell biology

 For the most part in this course we focus on EUKARYOTES, we will not really focus on the
prokaryotes.
 It’s a large field that has had to be divided
 Structure is studied so we can understand function. We will talk about conformation changes and
structure and this is done to talk about function.
 Directed cell proliferation is what developmental biology.
 There will be substantial conversation about neuroscience and related topics due to profs interest
 In the start of the course we will cover evolution. We find that proteins have highly conversed
sequences, for explain we will find proteins in human then compare in a yeast, then notice the
sequences of amino acids are quite similar.
 Theres another eay to classify organisms – by the cellular classifaction ( look at next point)
 Point of this is to in cellular fashion instead of interms of aninmals. This is to say in
earlier bio classes we classified animals, but we can be even simpler and classify the types of
cells ( archeabacteria, eubacteria, and eukaryotes)
 Also what where the notable properties of water ( interactions) that made life possible ?
 H-bond interactions important for transient interactions between other water molecules for which
the biochemical reactions could take place .

 Eukaryote cells are usually the smallest is 5 microns

 Recently discovered that prokaryotes do have a type of cytoskeleton
 Eukaryotes cytoskeletons are more dynamic than prokaryote cytoskeleton
 The eukaryotes have internal membranes complarwhile prokaryotes don’t
 Compartments are surrounded by internal membreanes
 Unique about eukaryotes cells is that they have intercellular communication. And they have a high
high degree of compartmentalizations
 Cells are truly made of a lot water about 70%.
 Water is where all biochemical reactions occurs. And it is the selection for cells to use
 ATP is used in many reactions to get them going
 The reason why life evolved is because water and membranes came to be and compartmentalize.
This happened by the coagulations or bringing together of the lipids
 Water is constantly interaction with water usine transient interaction such as wan der waals ( h-
bonding too)
 All lipids / membrane are amphiphatic molecules, one side likes water and the other likes oil (non-
charged, non -polar liqueids)
 Phosopholipis bilayers formed because they can form bilayers, in the form of spheres. Within the
membrane we have a oily environment(non-polar) then on the very inside of micelles is aqueous
and on the very outside is aqueous
 A micelle is
 How do things get across the cell membrane bilayer ? sugars cross, maybe they are transported or
spontaneously.
 It turns out with membrance proteins they have sections that are exposed to the aqueous
environment is soluble there, while the part of the same protein that is in the non-polar bilayer
region is stabilized to so it can remain, that part of the protein maybe fat-soluble. This allows the
protein to serve a purpose of transporting things from inside out or vice versa
 You can think of the cytosol as a compartment itself, in that it helps to tells us how proteins get
transported from the cytosol to the nucleus.