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Course Profile
Visual Arts
Grade 10
Open
This sample course of study was prepared for teachers to use in meeting local classroom
needs, as appropriate. This is not a mandated approach to the teaching of the course.
It may be used in its entirety, in part, or adapted.
Summer 2000
Course Profiles are professional development materials designed to help teachers implement the new
Grade 10 secondary school curriculum. These materials were created by writing partnerships of school
boards and subject associations. The development of these resources was funded by the Ontario Ministry
of Education. This document reflects the views of the developers and not necessarily those of the
Ministry. Permission is given to reproduce these materials for any purpose except profit. Teachers are
also encouraged to amend, revise, edit, cut, paste, and otherwise adapt this material for educational
purposes.
Any references in this document to particular commercial resources, learning materials, equipment, or
technology reflect only the opinions of the writers of this sample Course Profile, and do not reflect any
official endorsement by the Ministry of Education or by the Partnership of School Boards that supported
the production of the document.
Acknowledgments
Public District School Board Writing Teams – Visual Arts
Lead Board
Upper Canada District School Board
Management Team
Eleanor Newman
Dorothy Stewart
Dona Cruickshank
Identifying Information
Course Developers
Susan Jones, Durham DSB (Project Leader)
Rhonda Johnson, Upper Canada DSB
Susan Pidlubny, Durham DSB
Cyrel Troster, York Region DSB
Alan Wilkinson, Limestone DSB
Teresa Reeves, Peel DSB
Course Title: Visual Arts
Grade: 10
Course Type: Open
Development Date: October 1999
Credit Value: One
Ministry Course Code: AVI2O
Description/Rationale
The Grade 10 course profile provides opportunity for students to explore and to further develop their
artistic and creative processes. Students make connections between works of art and their historical
context. This will occur through practice that builds on what students know. By introducing them to new
ideas, materials, and processes for artistic thinking and experimentation, students will discover and
understand the relationship between form and content. Units are organized according to themes that
reflect issues that are relevant to students as individuals, and as artists (p. 52 of The Ontario Curriculum,
Grade 9 and 10, The Arts, 1999). Students produce works designed around specific objectives with an
overall unifying theme which demonstrates the ability to take varied and creative approaches to using
materials, tools, processes, and technologies in studio activities. Students will analyse their artwork
critically and describe the relationship between art and the community.
In this course, Units 1-4 are organized as a sequential continuum. Teachers can note that the Grade 10
course has been designed with a parallel structure that builds on the content of the Grade 9 Course
Profile. Teachers should also note that this Grade 10 Course Profile can stand on its own, without the
support of the Grade 9 profile content. See the chart below.
Grade 9 Grade 10
The Individual Creates (The “Why”) The Tools To Create (The “How”)
Unit 1: The Individual ⇒ Unit 1: The Artist’s Point of View
⇓ ⇓
Unit 2: Culture ⇒ Unit 2: The Artist Deals with Place, Time, and Spaces
⇓ ⇓
Unit 3: Technology ⇒ Unit 3: The Artist Investigates the Mathematical
⇓ Measurement of Art
⇓
Unit 4: Artistic Responsibility ⇒ Unit 4: The Artist Makes a Statement
⇓ ⇓
Unit 5: The Final Assessment/Evaluation ⇒ Unit 5: I Am the Artist (Final Assessment/Evaluation)
Unit Descriptions
Course Notes
Access to a wide variety of visual and technical resources to support a curriculum is important. Please
see Appendix D.
Teachers should adapt this profile in response to student and community resources, supplies available
and limitations.
Modifications need to be made to accommodate students with special needs. See Appendix B.
Health and safety in the classroom must be a priority when dealing with materials, equipment and
routines. See Appendix C.
Portfolio assessment is an important student assessment tool for visual arts. Please see Appendices L, M,
N, and O.
The course content develops essential learning and creative thinking skills. See Appendices P, Q, R, S, T,
U, V, and W.
Teachers can make connections across units by directing student learning to the essential questions.
Students should keep a resource journal that is divided into the following sections: sketches; ideas;
reflection; technical information; historical context. See Appendices E, X, and Y.
Teaching/Learning Strategies
Direct instruction, indirect instruction, interactive instruction, and independent instruction are strategies
that can be incorporated into teaching strategies for visual arts. Individual learning styles of students need
to be addressed in lesson delivery. See Appendix B.
Theory
Overall Expectations
THV.01
– demonstrate an understanding of the design process;
THV.02
– differentiate historical artworks by content, theme, style, techniques, and materials;
THV.03
– explain the social and historical context and the chronology of distinctive artistic styles;
THV.04
– identify the skills required in various visual arts and art-related careers.
Specific Expectations
Design and Composition
TH1.01
– explain how compositions are altered by a change in design principles (e.g., contrast of lines versus
contrast of colour);
TH1.02
– describe the steps of the design process (i.e., specifications, research, experimentation, preliminary
sketches, prototypes, revision, presentation, reflection).
Art History and Cultural Community
TH2.01
– describe the characteristics of a historical stylistic movement in Canadian art (e.g., the art of New
France, Canadian Impressionists, Painters Eleven);
TH2.02
– demonstrate an understanding of a mid-segment of the Western art history timeline (e.g., the
Middle Ages);
TH2.03
– produce a survey of a particular subject or medium through a period of time, noting stylistic
changes (e.g., posters, photography, typography).
Personal Applications
TH3.01
– explain how they have incorporated into their studio assignments characteristic materials and
expressive qualities of artworks studied;
TH3.02
– explain how their personal artworks have been influenced by works they have viewed in galleries
and museums;
TH3.03
– research the history of an art form, craft, or area of design (e.g., stone sculpture, textile design,
pottery);
TH3.04
– describe similarities and differences between careers in design and fine art.
Specific Expectations
Perceiving and Planning
CR1.01
– use various strategies in creating images (e.g., symbolism, interpretation of same idea in both two
and three dimensions);
CR1.02
– use tools, materials, processes, and technologies safely and appropriately;
CR1.03
– use research from various sources (e.g., books, databases, conversation with local artists) as part of
the creative process.
Experimenting and Producing
CR2.01
– demonstrate the ability to solve artistic problems and make creative choices when completing
artworks that reflect their concerns;
CR2.02
– demonstrate the ability to use an increasing range of tools, materials, processes, and technologies in
producing works of fine art and applied design;
CR2.03
– execute sketches and drawings in an increasing variety of media;
CR2.04
– demonstrate ever-expanding use of technology in producing artworks.
Reviewing and Evaluating
CR3.01
– use appropriate visual arts vocabulary in describing materials and processes;
CR3.02
– develop sketchbooks, a portfolio, and/or planners that document their personal art process;
CR3.03
– demonstrate the ability to review and evaluate the creative processes they use, as well as the
resulting artworks.
Specific Expectations
Critical Process
AN1.01
– describe the stages of the design process followed in a particular assignment;
AN1.02
– analyse the formal composition of an example of artwork from personal and/or historical works
studied;
AN1.03
– explain the significant expressive qualities of a work of art with reference to a list of possible
categories (e.g., sensory, formal, expressive, technical);
AN1.04
– identify possible meanings of a work by referring to background information and specific visual
indicators.
Aesthetics
AN2.01
– explain how the formal organization of visual content (formalism) as well as the imitation of life
(imitationalism) can be used to create and think about works of art;
AN2.02
– demonstrate an understanding of the use of symbols in creative expression;
AN2.03
– describe how a culture shapes its art with reference to historical and contemporary examples (e.g.,
Byzantine icons, Chinese landscape, painting in fifteenth-century Europe, pre-Columbian pottery,
Warhol’s soup cans).
Unit Description
This is the first of five units for the Grade 10 course of study. The central theme for the Grade 10 course
is the student as an inquiring artist. The teacher, as a facilitator, directs students to question how they
create. As an inquiring artist, the student gains an understanding of the creative process. The three
essential questions in this unit are linked to the strands in The Ontario Curriculum, Grades 9 and 10, The
Arts, 1999. These questions will help the students find and develop creative ideas, reflect on where
original ideas come from, and explore how ideas are developed and improved.
This profile provides a variety of strategies for students to investigate creative theory. Through guided
discovery and activities, teachers direct students to explore a variety of media. Students use drawing
techniques, a review of the elements and principles of design, and activities that foster the creative
process.
Essential Questions
Where does the inquiring artist find ideas? Theory
How does the artist create? Creation
How does the artist develop and improve? Analysis
Overall Expectations
THV.01 - demonstrate an understanding of the design process;
CRV.01 - produce a work designed around specific objectives and challenges (e.g., composition issues,
subject matter, use of visual language);
CRV.02 - demonstrate the ability to take varied and creative approaches to using materials, tools,
processes, and technologies in studio activities;
CRV.03 - explain the importance of process in relation to the final product;
CRV.04 - use concepts of visual literacy in describing their art activities;
ANV.01 - apply critical analysis processes to their artwork and works studied;
ANV.02 - identify sensory, formal, expressive, and technical qualities in their own words and works.
Specific Expectations
TH1.02 - explain how compositions are altered by a change in design principles (e.g., contrast of lines
versus contrast of colour);
TH3.01 - explain how they have incorporated into their studio assignments characteristic materials and
expressive qualities of artworks studied;
CR1.01 - use various strategies in creating images (e.g., symbolism, interpretation of same idea in both
two and three dimensions);
CR1.02 - use tools, materials, processes, and technologies safely and appropriately;
CR1.03 - use research from various sources (e.g., books, data bases, conversations with local artists) as
part of the creative process;
Description
The purpose of these activities is to provide students with a course outline, establish a positive classroom
environment, and allow the teacher to become familiar with the students’ artistic interests and abilities.
Students are introduced to the content, structure, assessment and evaluation of the course. The course
evaluation consists of 70% term work and 30% summative evaluation. Appendices are included to
facilitate the communication of this important information. Students will participate in short interactive
activities over a two-hour time period. Portfolios and resource journals will be introduced. Students will
complete a studio activity in which they create a monogram design on their portfolio and resource
journal.
Planning Notes
• The teacher uses these short activities as an introduction to the entire course: content, assessment,
evaluation, classroom and behavioural expectations, and health and safety issues.
• These activities offer teachers an opportunity to assess student entry-level characteristics, and make
appropriate program decisions.
• Teachers need to prepare handouts in advance and make appropriate materials available for student
use.
• Teachers adjust some strategies in order to accommodate a variety of learning styles
Teaching/Learning Strategies
1. Suggested Preparatory Activities. The teacher places a numbered card at each seat prior to the
students’ entering the room. The teacher prepares a corresponding set of numbered cards and places
them in a container. As students arrive they pull a numbered card from the container and sit in the
corresponding seat. This establishes a seating plan and allows the teacher to greet all students as they
enter the classroom for the first time. The teacher establishes a positive classroom environment
through a number of co-operative activities. An essential part of class building is the process of
having students get to know each other and to feel comfortable in their classroom environment.
Getting-to-know-you activities should take five to ten minutes each. The teacher introduces students
to the course content, structure, assessment and evaluation for the course. The course outline should
Accommodations
• Additional time may be provided to complete tasks.
• Buddy up a stronger student with one who could use encouragement and support.
• See Appendix B.
Assessment/Evaluation Techniques
• See Appendix CC.
Resources
Maris Dantzic, Cynthia. Design Dimensions: An Introduction To the Visual Surface. New Jersey:
Prentice-Hall, 1990. ISBN 0-13-199985-0.
Ragans, Mittler. Exploring Art. USA: Glencoe, 1992. ISBN 0-02-662281-5.
Ragans, Rosalind. Arttalk. USA: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill. 1995. ISBN 0-02-640295-5.
Roukes, Nicholas. Art Synectics. Worchester, MA: Davis Publications, 1982. ISBN 0-87192-151-0.
Roukes, Nicholas. Design Synectics: Stimulating Creativity in Design. Worchester, MA: Davis
Publications, 1988. P.52 ISBN 0-87192-198-7.
Wilton Art Appreciation Program: Series 100 CD-ROMs – Elements of Art.
Description
In this activity students become familiar with terms related to creativity, participate in a co-operative
activity that enhances creative thinking, and create an artwork that challenges individual creative
thinking. The co-operative component of these activities continues to foster a positive classroom
environment. The studio project is assessed by peers and comments recorded in their resource journal.
Planning Notes
• Teachers can reference Spencer Kagan’s Co-operative Learning for thinking skills activities.
• Art Synectics and Design Synectics by Nicholas Roukes are also good resources for developing
activities around creative theory.
• The following is a list of terms that are useful when considering creativity:
• Fluency (how many ideas you can come up with)
• Flexibility (how many different kinds of ideas you can come up with)
• Originality (are your ideas your own, or borrowed)
• Elaboration (how detailed are your ideas)
Teaching/Learning Strategies
1. Students are organized into co-operative groups of three or five. Each group is given an identical
envelope or bag of small items. Items in each bag could include a combination of the following:
paper clips, elastic bands, styrofoam cups, tongue depressor sticks, brass fasteners, length of string,
tape, paint brush, or straw. Each envelope or bag contains the same items.
2. Each group of students is asked to exercise their creative problem-solving abilities to create a
functional or fantasy kitchen utensil using each of the items found in the bag. Teachers should stress
that in this activity all ideas are valid and no negative critical comments are allowed. Students have a
fifteen-minute time limit. Items may be altered to create the utensil, however, no additional materials
can be added, and no scissors or glue can be used. One group member will be randomly chosen to
explain to the class how their object functions and why someone should buy it.
Accommodations
• Teachers may wish to create co-operative groups where peer helpers are available to assist those
students with specific learning disabilities.
• Language expectations for Resource Journal entries may modified for those students with language
deficits.
• Additional time may be provided to complete written tasks.
• A note taker may be provided to complete written tasks.
• See Appendix B
Assessment/Evaluation Techniques
• Students assess their peers using verbal feedback. Students respond to the comments in their resource
journal. A modified version of Appendix DD might serve as guide for developing a rubric.
Resources
Kagan, Spenser. Cooperative Learning. California: Kagan Cooperative Learning, 1993.
ISBN 1-879097-10-9
Roukes, Nicholas. Art Synectics. Massachusetts: Davis Publications, 1984. ISBN 0-87192-151-0
Roukes, Nicholas. Design Synectics. Massachusetts: Davis Publications, 1988.
ISBN 87192-198-7
Wilton Art Appreciation Program: Series 100 CD-ROMs – Artists at Work
Description
In this activity students have an opportunity to explore creativity through the interpretation of music.
Students create two images inspired by contrasting pieces of music. They examine the way some artists
use music as a source of inspiration for their work. The essential question, “Where does the inquiring
artist find ideas?” is addressed.
Planning Notes
• Teachers arrange to have a tape or CD player available for this activity.
• Teachers carefully select the music for this activity in advance. Look for two contrasting types of
music. Suggestions might include The Finale of Symphony No. 3, by Saint Saens and Debussey’s La
Mer. Teachers explore available repertoires of instrumental music in order to find the most suitable
contrasting selections.
• Teachers may wish to review some of the shared terminology of art and music such as rhythm and
tone, etc.
Teaching/Learning Strategies
1. Students use two strips of white cartridge paper (15 cm by 60 cm) and draw a 2.5 cm margin on all
four sides that results in a 10 cm by 55 cm image area on each piece.
2. Students listen to two contrasting pieces of music, three to five minutes in length, and respond on
separate sheets of paper. Using oil pastels or markers students respond visually to the music that they
hear, noting rhythms, tonal changes, colour, texture, pattern, complexity, pitch, and harmony. Allow
students a few minutes at the end of the music to complete their compositions.
Accommodations
• Students with hearing impairments could be given an alternate assignment more reliant on visual or
tactile stimulation.
• See Appendix B.
Assessment/Evaluation Techniques
• Peer discussion
Resources
Reid, Dennis. A Concise History of Canadian Painting, 2nd Edition. Toronto: Oxford University Press,
1988. ISBN 0-19-540664-8
Brommer, Gerald F. Discovering Art History, 3rd Edition. Massachusetts: David Publications, 1997.
ISBN 87192-299-1
Elsen, Albert E. Purposes of Art. New York: Holt, Hartcourt, Brace and Co., 1981. ISBN 0-03-049766-3
Roukes, Nicholas. Art Synectics. Massachusetts: Davis Publications, 1984. ISBN 0-87192-151-0
Roukes, Nicholas. Design Synectics. Massachusetts: Davis Publications, 1988. ISBN 87192-198-7
Wilton Art Appreciation Program: Series 100 CD-ROMs – Elements of Art.
Description
Having explored the potential of line to express or interpret an experience or create a personal visual
symbol in the previous activities, students are given opportunities to discover through studio experiences
that the creation of art is also often dependent on learning to observe and record carefully. These
technical skills serve to help them realize their creative ideas. The drawing exercises in this activity helps
students develop their observational drawing skills using line, shape, and value. The concluding studio
project adds the dimension of creativity. This final studio project challenges the students to use both their
technical skills and creative ideas.
Planning Notes
• Teachers may wish to review Betty Edwards’ book, Drawing on the Right Side of the Brain.
• Teachers review contour drawing techniques and value scales.
• The following materials should be provided: newsprint, markers, cartridge paper, and drawing
pencils (2B to 6B).
• Provide samples of various drawing techniques for display.
• The teacher may wish to create a number of still-life compositions using a variety of available
objects which may include: old shoes, tools, bones, bottles, driftwood, musical instruments, gourds,
dried plants and flowers, hats, etc. Students should be encouraged to contribute objects of meaning to
them to these arrangements. Still-life compositions may have to be portable to accommodate other
classes. Controlled lighting source is optional but helpful.
Accommodations
• Additional time may be provided to complete tasks.
• A checklist for completion may be provided to help students stay on task.
Assessment/Evaluation Techniques
• The teacher uses a rubric for evaluating the Sustained Still Life Drawing (see Appendices DD and
FF) and the Not-So-Still Life Drawing (see Appendix GG).
Resources
Base, Graham. Animalia. Toronto: Irwin Publishing, 1987. ISBN 0-7725-1668-5
Edwards, Betty. Drawing on the Right Side of the Brain. Los Angeles: J.P. Tarcher.1979.
ISBN 0-87477-088-2
Goldstein, Nathan. The Art of Responsive Drawing. ISBN 0135979315
Nicolaidies, Kimon. The Natural Way to Draw. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1975. ISBN 0-395-20548-4
Roukes, Nicholas. Art Synectics. Massachusetts: Davis Publications, 1984. ISBN 0-87192-151-0
Roukes, Nicholas. Design Synectics. Massachusetts: Davis Publications, 1988.
ISBN 87192-198-7
Wilton Art Appreciation Program: Series 100 CD-ROMs – Artists at Work
Unit Description
In this Grade 10 unit, students discover how place, time and spaces influence art that is produced by a
culture or society. Students explore how the artist’s cultural context, their time and place, influences art.
They study how artists perceive the spaces within which they live and work and how this understanding
of space is reflected in their work. Students will be given the opportunity to compare and contrast two
different artistic approaches in order to discover commonalities and differences based on place, time and
spaces. Activities in this unit include a landscape watercolour painting, a written and visual interpretation
of architecture, and a mixed media composition based on a literary source.
The following chart illustrates how this unit develops the strands outlined in The Ontario Curriculum,
The Arts, Grades 9 and 10, 1999. Students utilize the resource journal throughout the unit by addressing
the three essential questions that relate to the course strands.
Essential Questions
How does art reflect the place, time and spaces from which it was created? Theory
How do tools and materials influence the artistic product? Creation
How does the past influence what the artist does in the present? Analysis
Overall Expectations
THV.01 - demonstrate an understanding of the design process;
THV.02 - differentiate historical artworks by content, theme, style, techniques, and materials;
THV.03 - explain the social and historical context and the chronology of distinctive artistic styles;
CRV.01 - produce a work designed around specific objectives and challenges (e.g., composition issues,
subject matter, use of visual language);
CRV.02 - demonstrate the ability to take varied and creative approaches to using materials, tools,
processes, and technologies in studio activities;
CRV.03 - explain the importance of process in relation to the final product;
CRV.04 - use concepts of visual literacy in describing their art activities;
ANV.01 - apply critical analysis processes to their art work and works studied;
ANV.02 - identify sensory, formal, expressive, and technical qualities in their own works and works
studied;
ANV.03 - describe interrelationships among art, the consumer, and their community.
Specific Expectations
TH2.01 - describe the characteristics of a historical stylistic movement in Canadian art (e.g., the art of
New France, Canadian Impressionists, Painters Eleven);
TH2.02 - demonstrate an understanding of a mid-section of the Western art history timeline (e.g., the
Middle Ages, etc.);
Description
In this activity students explore the significance of the place, time, and space from which an artwork was
created. Students examine Medieval artworks and learn about this period. This approach allows students
to identify with the Medieval sense of flat perspective, feudalism, the role of the artisan, and the
centrality of religion in life.
Planning Notes
• Teachers may want to include readings from an art history textbook to complement this lesson.
• The teacher prepares visual images in advance.
Assessment/Evaluation Techniques
• The resource journal should be regularly submitted to the teacher for assessment.
Resources
Brommer, Gerald F. Discovering Art History 3rd edition. Worcester, MA: Davis Publications Inc., 1997.
ISBN 87192-299-1
Burnnett, David, and Mary Schiff. Contemporary Canadian Art. Edmonton AB: Hurtig Publishers 1990
ISBN 0-88830-344-0
Janson, H.W. and Anthony F. Janson. A Basic History of Art. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1992.
ISBN 0-13-062878-6
Reid, Dennis. Concise History of Canadian Painting. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1988.
ISBN 0-19-540664-8
History Through Art – The Middle Ages. CD-ROM.
Notre Dame, Cathedral of Amiens. Crystal Productions CD-ROM.
Activity 2: Isolation
Time: 180 minutes
Description
Students discover the results of an artist working in isolation versus working in an environment where an
artist can study with others. Students examine two French Canadian portraits to discover this distinction.
The studio project for this activity provides students with the opportunity to compare the effects of
working on a task in isolation and working collaboratively with their peers. Portraits from other cultures
should used if possible.
Planning Notes
• The teacher assembles two pairs of identical images (preferably Medieval). A grid should be drawn
on all images and the squares should be numbered on the back.
• The painting by Pierre Le Ber may not be available in slide format. The teacher could display a
reproduction from a book in class or choose an appropriate substitution.
• The teacher provides different coloured markers and black fine-tip markers for the second activity.
• White and coloured bond paper is required.
Prior Knowledge
• See Unit Overview.
Teaching/Learning Strategies
1. Students view a reproduction of The Symbol of Saint Mark, from The Echternach Gospels, 690 A.D.
Have students speculate on what animal is depicted (lion). Note which features suggest that the artist
was self-taught and that the artist had never really seen a lion. Assist the students in deciphering the
Latin caption on the image “imago leonis” (image of the lion). Guide the students to an
understanding that this is a self-conscious labelling of the image to ensure its correct indentification.
2 Next, have students view Saint Mark, from the Gospel Book of Archbishop Ebbo of Reims. Students
are invited to imagine the sense of isolation and loneliness experienced by artist/monks at this time in
history. Often Monastic life permitted little, if any, interaction with the outside world and required
these literate monks to spend most of their time engaged in the transcription and illustration of the
Bible.
3. The two Medieval works viewed above, displayed the effects of working untrained and isolated. In
this activity students compare two French Canadian portraits; one that was painted in relative
isolation by an untrained artist and the other painted by a popular trained artist living in Quebec City.
The following are two possibilities: Pierre Le Ber, Marguerite Bourgeoys, 1700, and Antoine
Plammondon, Sister Saint-Alphonse, 1841. Students note the differences between the two artworks.
Through a teacher-guided examination of these works students are encouraged to observe/discover
the following differences:
Antoine Plammondon, Sister SaintAlphonse, Pierre Le Ber, Marguerite Bourgeioys,
1841 1700
1. Displays influence of European painting 1. Displays much of the naïve style/folk
style (Neoclassicism). art style.
2. The characteristics of the face and hands 2. The anatomy of the figure and the
reflect extensive formal training in proportion of the face reveal a limited
anatomy understanding of the human figure.
3. All areas of the composition are integrated 3. There are isolated areas of flat colour.
and there are a full range of values.
4. Subject is carefully lit from behind 4. Little depth – subject is not
establishing a clear sense of space between differentiated from the background.
the figure and the background.
Accommodations
• Buddy up a stronger student with one who could use encouragement and support.
Assessment/Evaluation Techniques
• The teacher completes a checklist to verify individual student completion and co-operation for this
activity. Students submit both artworks to be assembled and displayed in the classroom. After the
display is taken down students should file their drawing in their resource journal.
Resources
Brommer, Gerald F. Discovering Art History 3rd Edition. Worcester, MA: Davis Publications Inc., 1997.
ISBN 87192-299-1
Janson, H.W. and Anthony F. Janson. A Basic History of Art. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1992.
ISBN 0-13-062878-6
Janson, H. W. History of Art, New York: Harry N. Abrams Inc., 1986, ISBN 0-13-389388-x
Description
This activity begins with instruction on a two-point perspective architectural drawing. Emphasis is placed
on the role that the artist’s vantage point plays in determining the nature of the drawing. Students study
watercolour technique with emphasis on monochromatic washes and apply this knowledge in the creation
of an ink and monochrome watercolour painting of a building in their community.
Planning Notes
• Teachers consult books, videos, and CD-ROMs for additional information on watercolour
techniques.
• For the discussion on artists and their use of two-point perspective, teachers add local artists work if
available.
• Teachers may want to photograph local buildings of interest for the watercolour assignment.
Prior Knowledge
• See Unit Overview.
• An understanding of linear and aerial perspective
Teaching/Learning Strategies
1. The teacher guides the students through a review lesson on the development of a two-point
perspective drawing step by step starting with simple objects such as a box and progress to more
complex images such as a house. Vanishing points should be placed at the extreme ends of the
horizon line or extended beyond the image area to minimize distortion. The following is suggested
sequence for developing this drawing:
• Establish a horizon line (eye level).
• Place two vanishing points on the horizon line or extend it beyond the image area to minimize
distortion.
• Establish the closest perpendicular line that crosses or intersects the horizon line. Typically this
will be the corner of the box closest to you.
• After placing two vanishing points on the horizon line, one at each end of the paper, draw the
converging lines to the right and left from the perpendicular line to the to the vanishing point. All
lines that proceed from the right of side of the perpendicular line will converge towards the right
vanishing point. All lines from the left of the perpendicular line will converge towards the left
vanishing point.
• This process should be repeated in teaching the drawing of a building. All architectural features
must follow the rules of perspective.
2. Students view images that illustrate the use of two-point perspective. These images should represent
a wide variety of cultural contexts. The following are some suggestions which offer a starting point.
• Cornelieus Krieghoff, Merrymaking, 1860 (Merrymakers spill out of a local Quebec country Inn
into a snowy winter landscape)
• F. Lemoine Fitzgerald, Doc Snyder’s House, 1931 (a view out of his window into a snowy
Winnipeg back yard)
• Richard Estes, Drug Store, 1970 (an urban setting presented with the stark clarity of photo
realism)
• David Milne, The Empty House, c.1932 (an abandoned farm home in winter)
• Antonio Canaletto, The Basin of San Marco, c.1740 (mathematical precision and photo-like
clarity used to show famous urban setting)
• Emily Carr, Blunden Harbour, 1928-30 (a dramatic view of a Skeena River village in northern
BC)
• Nishikawa Sukenobu, Young Woman Printing Ink, 17th -18th century Edo, Ukiyoe school (a
quiet interior of a Japanese home with a woman working – uses isometric perspective)
• Cheik Ledy, Taxi de la Cite, 1991 (a humourous scene of a contemporary African taxi in a
village setting)
Discuss the similarities and differences of the artist’s interpretation of their place, time, and spaces
that were familiar to them. Students complete a resource journal response: “How does your personal
place, time, and spaces influence your art?”
Assessment/Evaluation Techniques
• Use similar Rubric format as in Appendix GG.
Resources
Barron’s Art Handbook. Perspective and Composition. New York: Barron’s Educational Series, Inc.,
1999. ISBN 078415104-5
Brommer, Gerald. Discovering Art History, 3rd ed.,. Worcester MA: Davis Publications, 1997.
ISBN 0-87192-299-1
Cole, Alison. Perspective. Toronto: Stoddart, 1992. ISBN 0-77372623-3.
Naested, Irene Russell. Art in the Classroom. Toronto: Harcourt Bruce, 1998. ISBN 0774733578.
Reid, Dennis. A Concise History of Canadian Painting, 2nd ed. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1988.
ISBN 019540663
Striegel, Oliver. Drawing in Perspective. New York: Sterling Publisher, 1998. ISBN 0-8069-42894.
Architecture & Art: Cultural Heritage Sites, set of photographic poster prints, The Getty Educational
Institute for the Arts and the J. Paul Getty Museum, Crystal Productions
History Through Art – The Middle Ages. CD-ROM.
Notre Dame, Cathedral of Amiens. Crystal Productions CD-ROM.
Activity 4: The Artist in the Community: Feeling Our Way Into Architecture
Time: 300 minutes
Description
Students analyse architecture from the past and present from a variety of cultural contexts, write a report
on an architectural example, and create an architectural design based on one of the buildings studied.
This design will become a low relief sculpture or collograph.
Planning Notes
• Examine Resources for information on architecture.
• Try to obtain two slide projectors for the first comparison exercise.
• Teachers may want to bring in a local museum director, urban planner, or architect to take part in
preparing the students for these activities. Careers dealing with architecture can become part of the
lesson.
• For the studio component of the assignment, recycled corrugated cardboard should be accumulated.
• The teacher encourages students to be more careful in their observations of the structure and design
of the buildings in their immediate environment. Take students on a tour of the school using the T-
chart criteria so that they become more familiar with architecture.
Teaching/Learning Strategies
1. The teacher shows students pairs of images and compare and contrast architecture of the past to
contemporary architecture. Use two slide projectors or two sets of visual images.
Accommodations
• Provide additional time to complete written tasks/assignments.
• Buddy up a stronger student with one who could use encouragement and support.
• See Appendix B.
Resources
Beckwith, John. Early Medieval Art. New York: Yale University Press, 1974. ISBN 0300052960
Brommer, Gerald F. Discovering Art History, 3rd Edition. Worcester MA: Davis Publications, 1997.
ISBN 0-87192291
Elsen, Albert E. Purposes of Art. Harcourt Brace & Co., 1981. ISBN 0-03-049766-3
Fleming, William. Arts and Idea, 9th Edition. Orlando: Harcourt & Brace & Co., 1994.
ISBN 0155011049
Horowitz, Frederick A. More Than You See, A Guide to Art, 2nd edition. Orlando: Harcourt, Brace
Jovanovich, 1995. ISBN 015564081x
Howarth, Eva. Crash Course in Architecture. Toronto: Doubleday Canada Ltd. 1990.
ISBN 0-8109-4284-4
Huyghe, Rene Larousse Encyclopedia of Prehistoric and Ancient Art. Toronto: Hamlyn, 1981
Janson, H.W. and Anthony F. Janson. A Basic History of Art, 5th Edition.. New York: Prentice Hall,
1992. ISBN 0-135787742
Lorrez, Albert. Metropolis, Ten Cities, Ten Centuries. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1996.
ISBN 0-8109-4284-4
Macaulay, David. Cathedral, The Story of its Construction. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1973.
ISBN 0-395-31668-5
Martindale, Andrew. Gothic Art. New York: Douglas and McIntyre, 1967. ISBN 0500200580
Mittler, Gene A. Art in Focus. Woodland Hills, CA: Glencoe McGraw-Hill, 1999. ISBN 0-02-662408-7
Saff, Donald and Deli Sacilotto. Printmaking: History and Process. Holt Rinehart & Winston 1997.
ISBN 0030856639
Strickland, Carol. The Annotated Mona Lisa: A Crash Course in Art History from Prehistoric to Post-
Modern. Kansas City: Andrews and McMeel, 1992. ISBN 0-8362-8005-9
The Visual Dictionary of Buildings. London: Dorling Kindersley Limited, 1992. ISBN 0-7737-2635-7
Description
Place, time, and spaces can be linked to literature. In this mixed-media and collage project, students can
review perspective, colour, texture, and shape. Students work from a written source, such as a place in
literature, a medieval place from a story or poem, or a place described in a book. Students work to create
a visual image from a written literary source with mixed media on mat board.
Teaching/Learning Strategies
1. Teachers present the students with the following challenge:
• Select a passage from literature that describes an imaginary or real place.
• Review collage techniques and discuss how to apply these to create a mixed media or collage
composition involving use of two-point perspective, colour, texture, and shape.
2. Teachers may suggest some of the following resources:
• Invisible Cities, by Italo Calvino
• The Dictionary of Imaginary Places, by Alberto Manguel and Gianni Guadalupi
• Art House, by Graham Percy
• Metropolis, by Albert Lorenz.
3. Teachers act as resource guides in this project suggesting techniques, sources, and giving ongoing
critiques.
4. Teachers encourage students to solve creative problems by peer collaboration.
5. Teachers may act as “coaches” giving assessment feedback throughout the process of this
assignment.
6. A wide variety of materials should be available for student use: pen and ink (black and coloured ink),
oil pastel, watercolour, chalk pastel, tempera paint, glue, string, tissue paper, cardboard, mat board,
and found objects.
7. Students should keep an on-going visual and written diary in their resource journal on the
progression of the work in this project. This will help in the assessment process of their project.
Accommodations
• Provide class time for organizing material.
• Provide a checklist for completion of the assignment.
• Simplify techniques where necessary.
• Buddy up a stronger student with one who could use encouragement and support.
Assessment/Evaluation Techniques
• The students and the teacher collaborate on the development of the assessment process. A rubric
format may serve well in this instance. This should be developed after the students have finished
their research, but prior to starting the studio activity.
• This exercise should serve the students in discovering essential criteria for any creative project. It
also reinforces that they are required to meet specific criteria for their final summative project.
Resources
Bantock, Nick. Griffen and Sabine: An Extraordinary Correspondence. San Francisco: Chronicle Books,
1991. ISBN 0-87701-788-3
Brommer, Gerald F. Collage Techniques: A Guide for Artists and Illustrators. Watson-Guptill Publishing
1994. ISBN 0823006557
Calvino, Italo. Invisible Cities. Harcourt, Brace & Co.1978. ISBN 0156453800
Lorenz, Albert. Metropolis: Ten Cities, Ten Centuries. New York: Harry N.Abrams. 1996.
ISBN 0-8109-4284-4
Manguel, Alberto and Gianni Guadalupi. The Dictionary of Imaginary Places, Expanded Edition.
Canada: Knopf, 1999. 0676971989
Larbalestier, Simon, The Art and Craft of Collage. San Francisco: Chronical Books, 1995.
ISBN 0811808068
The Visual Dictionary of Buildings. London: Dorling Kindersley Limited, 1992. ISBN 0-7737-2695-7
Percy, Graham. Arthouse. San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 1994. ISBN 0-8118-0497-6
Unit Description
In this unit, students will investigate connections made between the importance of mathematical inquiry
and art in the Renaissance Period. The Ontario Curriculum, Grade 9 and 10, The Arts, 1999 states,
“Links can be made between the arts and other disciplines” (page 4). Any prior learning for Mathematics
that is applicable to this unit, would have occurred for students in Grades 1-8 Mathematics expectations
for geometry. Like the Renaissance artists, students will be encouraged to make “inquiries” about their
art and the processes available to them. They will learn to use mathematical ratios and a system of
proportions to create pleasing and balanced compositions. The three essential questions of this unit will
assist teachers in making mathematical connections to art.
Renaissance artists also drew upon the knowledge of the Greek and Romans. They also used ratios such
as the Golden Section, to create balanced and pleasing compositions. The Golden Section uses the
proportion of 1 to 1.6 to create balance in a composition. This ratio is also found in many objects in
nature, such as human anatomy, shell spirals, and natural spiral forms. Students will learn how to use this
ratio as they create their own painting.
Teachers can adapt the Golden Section painting formula for most students in their classroom. Teachers
will find suggestions for remediation, consolidation, and enrichment activities in this unit. Select the
appropriate activities based on your students’ abilities and needs. Refer to Appendix J to learn how to
construction the Golden Section.
Essential Questions:
How do artists use mathematical principles? Theory
What do artists create from mathematical models? Creation
How does art change through new discoveries? Analysis
Description
Students will take part in a short interactive exercise that will introduce them to the Renaissance time
period. This exercise will give them some of the tools that they will use in their major studio assignments
for this unit. See Appendix H – The Renaissance - Lesson Notes For Slides and Appendix I – A Study of
Natural Space and Perspective – Slide Notes for a list of characteristics for the Renaissance period.
Planning Notes
• Teachers can support student learning with visuals by Renaissance artists. Discussions, displays of
portraits, mythological and religious subject matter, perspective, landscapes, and buildings in
perspective, from a variety of artists provide enrichment for students. Art postcards are a good
resource for the classroom.
• This activity is designed as a brief introduction to the concepts that will be explored more fully in the
following activities.
• Teachers should review their knowledge of Renaissance history, style, and themes (i.e., role of the
church in the arts) to be learned in this activity. See Appendix I – A Study of Natural Space and
Perspective – Slide Notes. Other themes are: realism and naturalism (the use of natural space, correct
mathematical perspective in landscapes and buildings, and the correct use of proportion in figures);
humanism (the dignity of man and the rise of the individual); unity (use of symmetry and balance in
composition); sacred arts versus secular arts.
Teaching/Learning Strategies
1. Preparation for Activity:
• The teacher can divide students into cooperative groups of four or five when they enter the
classroom. Each group will receive approximately five to eight postcards or images of
Renaissance art. (The teacher could provide one general art history textbook per group as a
supplement or substitute for the postcards.) Suggestions for images may include: Uccello,
Masaccio, Piero della Francesca, Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Mantegna, Botticelli, Ghiberti,
and Michelangelo (see Appendix I – A Study of Natural and Perspective - Slide Notes for
information on Renaissance artists).
• Explain to students that their group will be put into an imaginary situation with a problem to
solve. Groups will present their solution next class.
• The teacher should take care to present this activity to the students both verbally and visually.
Teachers may also choose to hand out an outline of the activity to each group.
2. The Assignment:
• Each student is a member of an art consultant firm in Florence, Italy, during the Renaissance.
Each group of students represents a different firm and they are bidding for a contract to furnish
Assessment/Evaluation Techniques
• The teacher will use a rubric for evaluation of each group’s presentation. See Appendix FF – Group
Assessment Suggestions
Accommodations
• See Appendix B – Modifications to Meet Student Needs
Resources
Beckett, Sister Wendy. Sister Wendy’s Grand Tour – Discovering Europe’s Great Art. New York:
Stewart Tabori and Chang, 1994. ISBN 1-55670-509-3.
Beckett, Sister Wendy. The Story of Painting. Toronto: Little Brown Canada, 1994.
ISBN: 0-316-70264-1
Brommer, Gerald F. Discovering Art History, 3rd edition. Worcester, MA: Davis Publications, 1999.
ISBN 0-87192-299-1.
Cassin, Michael. More Than Meets the Eye. A Closer Look at Paintings in the National Gallery. London,
England: National Gallery Publications, 1987. ISBN 0-947645-03
Elsen, Albert. Purposes of Art. Harcourt Brace & Company, 1995. ISBN 0030116155
Fleming, William. Art and Ideas, 9th edition. Harcourt Brace & Company, 1994. ISBN 0155011049
Janson, Anthony. History of Art. Prentice Hall, 1995. ISBN 0810934213
Kagan, Spencer. Co-Operative Learning. San Juan: Kagan Co-Operative Learning 1993.
ISBN 1-879097-10-9
Kissick, John. Art Context and Criticism 2nd. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 1996. ISBN 0-69726613-3
Murray, Linda. Art of the Renaissance. 1985. ISBN 050020084
Mittler, Gene A. Art in Focus. New York: Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, 1994. ISBN 0-02-662312-9
Strickland, Carol. The Annotated Mona Lisa. Kansas City: Andrews & McMeel, 1992.
ISBN 0-9362-8005-9
Description
Students discover how Renaissance artists applied and used principles of mathematics, measurement,
and, specifically, the Golden Section to achieve balanced compositions. (The Golden Section is a
mathematical ratio that is aesthetically pleasing. It has been used extensively by artists from the ancient
Greek times up to present day.)
Students will look at the geometric patterns and characteristics of the Renaissance. (See Appendix H –
The Renaissance - Lesson Notes for Study and Appendix I – A Study of Natural Space and Perspective-
Slide Notes.) Exercises in writing, figure drawing, composition, and painting will enhance student
understanding of the Renaissance period. (A brief study of the Mannerist style could provide additional
characteristics of the period that differ from traditional Renaissance thinking.)
Accommodations
• Students with respiratory problems should avoid using charcoal.
• Ensure that the classroom is properly ventilated with an exhaust fan or window ventilation.
Assessment/Evaluation Techniques
• Informal: Ongoing and frequent assessment through rubrics, feedback sheets, self-evaluation sheets,
and checklists, by the teacher and student, are recommended throughout this unit (e.g., participation
in group discussions, peer evaluations, and critiques). This will keep students accountable and aware
of their overall progress.
• Formal: The final painting assignment will be evaluated by using a rubric. See Appendix G. The
rubric should be given out prior to students starting this project.
• Written work: One-page proposals or assessments of their compositions can reinforce the discussion
on the essential questions.
• Resource Journals: Students should be using their Resource Journals as a reference from previous
units and to collect art history and technical information. Note-keeping in the journal is also a
possibility.
Resources
Barron’s Art Handbooks: Perspective and Composition. New York: Barron’s Educational Series Inc.,
1999. ISBN 0-7641-5104-5
Beckett, Sister Wendy. The Story of Painting. Toronto: Little Brown Canada, 1994.
ISBN 0-316-70264-1
Brommer, Gerald F. Discovering Art History, 3rd edition. Worcester, MA: Davis Publications, 1999.
ISBN 0-87192-299-1
Unit Description
The central focus in Unit 4 is on exploring the role of the artist in society. Students apply their fine art
experiences and skills to applied arts such as craft, and commercial art, posters, banner design, and
fashion design. They also produce a functional and wearable art object. Students examine current and
past issues in Canadian and contemporary art. They look at artists who have taken a political stand in
their artistic expression. The three essential questions will help students focus their research for their
designs.
Essential Questions
How does an artist influence the production of art objects? Theory
Do artists need to create a reaction from the viewer through their work? Creation
How does an artist determine what is art and what is not? Analysis
Overall Expectations
THV.01 - demonstrate an understanding of the design process;
THV.04 - identify the skills required in various visual arts and art-related careers;
CRV.01 - produce a work designed around specific objectives and challenges (e.g., composition issues,
subject matter, use of visual language);
CRV.02 - demonstrate the ability to take varied and creative approaches to using materials, tools,
processes, and technologies in studio activities;
CRV.03 - explain the importance of process in relation to the final product;
CRV.04 - use concepts of visual literacy in describing their art activities;
ANV.01 - apply critical analysis processes to their artwork and works studied;
ANV.02 - identify sensory, formal, expressive, and technical qualities in their own works and works;
ANV.03 - describe interrelationships among art, the consumer, and the community.
Specific Expectations
TH1.01 - explain how compositions are altered by a change in design principles (e.g., contrast of lines
versus contrast of colour;
TH1.02 - explain how compositions are altered by a change in design principles (e.g., contrast of lines
versus contrast of colour);
TH3.02 - explain how their personal artworks have been influenced by works they have viewed in
galleries and museums
TH3.03 - research the history of an art form, craft, or area of design (e.g., stone sculpture, textile design,
pottery);
TH3.04 - describe similarities and differences between careers in design and fine art;
CR1.01 - use various strategies in creating images (e.g., symbolism, interpretation of same idea in both
two and three dimensions);
Description
These activities are designed to make the students cognisant of the symbols that people associate with the
identity of a particular group. They become aware of the unique aspects of our Canadian identity and
gain an understanding of both positive and negative aspects of symbolism.
Planning Notes
• The teacher provides chart paper or large sheets of newsprint and an assortment of markers.
• Teachers may want to inspire or motivate student discussion by wearing apparel that is uniquely
Canadian. For example: a hockey shirt, a touque, a T-shirt with a Canadian flag or symbol, an Emily
Carr image on a T-shirt, etc.
• The teacher prepares questions to pose to students about what defines their sense of Canadian
identity.
Teaching/Learning Strategies
Canadian Identity Through Art?
1. Canadian Identity?
• The teacher arranges students in co-operative groups of three or five and reviews brainstorming
guidelines. (See Unit 1 Planning Notes.)
• Students receive large sheets of chart paper or newsprint and markers. Each student is given an
appropriate co-operative role, such as recorder, encourager, time manager, etc. (See Spenser
Kagan’s Co-operative Learning to facilitate accountability in a group situation.)
Accommodations
• Buddy up a stronger student with one who could use encouragement and support.
• Regularly repeat and review creation instructions.
• See Appendix B.
Assessment/Evaluation Techniques
• Teachers may want to assess the learning skills identified in The Ontario Curriculum.
Health/Safety
• Students should use water-based markers.
Resources
Kagan, Spencer. Cooperative Learning. San Juan Capistrano, CA., Kagan Cooperative Learning, 1993.
ISBN 1-879097-10-9
Description
Students view Northern Renaissance art to gain an understanding of symbolism and students apply their
understanding of visual symbols to the design of a symbolic narrative banner based on the events they
experienced in a 24-hour period. These banners will be hung around the class.
Planning Notes
• Teachers obtain resource materials from art history and design texts. (See Resources.)
• Slides or good visual images are needed to show to student symbolism. Suggestions are listed in
Teaching/Learning Strategies.
• Students should have their resource journals available for note-taking.
• Banners are to be displayed around the room.
Teaching/Learning Strategies
1. Teachers show a slide or image of Jan Van Eyck’s painting, Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride, in
order to demonstrate how symbols were used in Northern Renaissance Art.
• Students record key information about this painting in their resource journals:
1. Title Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride
2. Date painted 1434
3. Artist’s name Jan Van Eyck
4. Medium Oil on wood panel
5. Where the painting is presently located: National Gallery, London, England
6. Stylistic Period: Northern Renaissance
• Teachers may also have students do a quick thumb-nail sketch of this painting in their resource
journal as a visual record or reference.
2. Working from the image of this painting, develop a list of the symbols it contains:
• Dog = fidelity (loyalty)
The word fido comes from the Latin word fides, which translates to the word fidelity. Teachers
may want to make a connection to present television and newspaper ads and commercials in
which a dog is a symbol for a telecommunications company. The dog respresents security and
reliability.
• Flame of the Candle = presence of God
• Shoes removed = respect for holy ceremony/ground
• Fruit on window sill/desk = Adam and Eve and fertility
• Bride’s green dress = colour green represents fertility
• Wisk broom = domestic care
• Statuette above the chair in the background of the painting = Margaret, patron Saint of
Childbearing Women
Other interesting facts:
• Convex mirror reflects the two witnesses to the marriage ceremony.
• Groom’s hand gesture represents his taking of an oath before God.
• Bride’s unusual stance and gathering of dress above her stomach represents her desire to bring
children into the marriage.
• The signature above the mirror is that of the artist and also represents a witness’s signature to the
marriage ceremony. This could be interpreted as the first signed marriage certificate.
• This painting is interpreted as a visual contract.
3. Continue to show several more images that contain symbolism. The following is a list of images that
are readily available and cover art history from Northern Renaissance.
• Knight, Death and the Devil, Albrecht Durer, 1513, Northern Renaissance-Engraving
• Hunters in the Snow, Pieter Bruegel, 1565, Northern Renaisance – Painting
• The French Ambassadors, Hans Holbein, 1533, Northern Renaissance – Painting
More contemporary examples of art that uses symbolism might include:
• Various works by Keith Haring using such symbols as the Radiating Baby and the Barking Dog.
Accommodations
• Regularly review and repeat creation instructions.
• Allow extra time for the completion of the task.
• See Appendix B.
Assessment/Evaluation Techniques
• Teachers lead a guided discussion with their students regarding the merits of a successful symbolic
banner. Some ideas might include:
• Clarity of message – the symbol – Communication and expression of ideas
• Good use of positive and negative space – Creation (Application of knowledge and skills)
• Skillful control of media – Creation (Application)
• Creativity – Thinking/Inquiry (fluency, flexibility, divergent thinking)
• Symbols are representative of twenty-four hours. Theory (Knowledge/Understanding)
• Students record these criteria on a checklist or rubric and use them as a basis for evaluation.
• Students then complete peer evaluations based on the criteria developed by the class.
Health/Safety
• No anticipated issues
Description
The power of the image is the catalyst for this assignment. In this activity students are inspired by
contemporary artists who have incorporated visual images and the written word to convey a powerful
message. Printmaking is the art form that students learn. Silkscreen is featured as the type of printmaking
for the major assignment and alternatives are suggested.
Planning Notes
• The teacher looks at magazines and the Internet for contemporary print images to show to the
students (We Don’t Need Another Hero, Barbara Kruger, 1987, Photographic silkscreen/vinyl).
• Conduct research of current designers on the Internet.
• The teacher carefully assess classroom facilities. Multiple prints need large spaces for drying.
Silkscreen frames can be bulky. See resource books for information on studio procedures. Intaglio
printmaking requires an etching printing press.
• Use strong paper or fabric as a printing surface.
• Refer to a printmaking resource book for all tools required for the desired method of printmaking.
• Printmaking inks, squeegees, and silk may be purchased from your local art supply store.
• A visit to a local silkscreen company or commercial printer, where possible, will expand the
students’ experience.
Teaching/Learning Strategies
1. The focus of this activity is the power of the image. Show the students a slide or reproduction of
Mona Lisa, by Leonardo da Vinci, and The Birth of Adam, by Michelangelo. Teachers should show
examples of advertising from magazines, fine art posters, and patterns in T-shirt and fashion design
as well. Explain to the students that over time famous artists and their works have been appropriated
by advertisers to sell merchandise or convey a specific message.
2. A familiar image can draw attention to the product. Contemporary artists have taken this idea and
used it for their own purposes. Artists today use the techniques of advertising, combining image and
words. The results are often quite striking and startling.
3. Show students examples from the following list of artists. Place students in groups of four or five.
Have students discuss the three essential questions of this unit: “How does an artist influence the
production of art objects? Do artists need to create a reaction for the viewer through their work? How
does an artist determine what is art and what is not?
• Barbara Kruger, We Don’t Need Another Hero, 1987, Silkscreen.
• Joyce Weiland, Reason Over Passion, 1968, Fabric Quilt.
• Guerrilla Girls, Relax Senator Helms, The Art World is Your Kind of Place, 1988, Silkscreen.
• Jenny Holzer, Truisms, 1982.
• Andy Warhol, One Hundred Cans, 1962, Oil on canvas.
• Judy Chicago, The Dinner Party, 1974-79, Mixed Media.
• Jaune Quick-to-See Smith, I See Ten Little Indians, 1992, Mixed media, collage on paper.
4. Have students write a response to the discussion in their resource journals.
Accommodations
• Simplify assignments when necessary.
• Provide class time to organize materials.
• Provide students with clear expectations and rubrics for work and behavior.
• See Appendix B.
Assessment/Evaluation Techniques
• The teacher may want to produce a rubric as an assessment tool for this activity.
• This is a good opportunity to assess learning skills.
Resources
Blodgett, Jean, et al. The McMichael Canadian Art Collection. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
1990.
Chieffo, Clifford T. Silk-Screen as a Fine Art. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. 1967.
ISBN 0-442-21561-4
Naested, Irene Russell. Art in the Classroom. Canada: Harcourt Brace, 1998. ISBN 0-777-3357-8
Nakano, Eisha. Japanese Stencil Dyeing, Paste-Resist Techniques. Weatherhill, New York, 1982.
ISBN 0-8348-0169-8
Proctor, Richard M. and Jennifer F. Lew. Surface Design for Fabric. Seattle and London: University of
Washington Press, 1984. ISBN 0-295-95874-X
Scholastic Art, February, 2000, Vol. 30, No. 4, ISSN 1060-832x
Scholastic Art, April/May, 1999, Vol. 29, No. 6, ISSN 1060-832x
Description
Students recondition and embellish an old piece of clothing in order to create their own personal
wearable art from recycled or reclaimed materials. Students are challenged to use found and used
materials as well as their own designs. Their final product could express a statement about a social or
environmental issue and explore the idea of designer/artist as a powerful expressive force. Students
examine examples of fashion that is art, and use a variety of simple sewing and embellishment
techniques. They also compare and contrast “fine” and “applied” art.
Planning Notes
• The teacher should be sensitive to the economic means of the students. Rework this assignment if it
is difficult for students to bring in a piece of clothing.
• The teacher may want to look at the resource list and search out members of the community who can
act as guest artists to discuss or demonstrate these techniques.
Teaching/Learning Strategies
1. Teachers show students wearable art. Some examples would be Andy Warhol’s Brillo-box outfits
and Keith Haring’s T-shirt designs, buttons, hats, etc. Haring’s art was the direct expression of his
personal ideas and issues, yet his designs were shared with the public by using applied art techniques
like silk screen applied to T-shirts.
2. Students recondition and re-fashion an old piece of clothing. They may silkscreen the image they
produced in the previous activity onto the garment. They can use a variety of simple sewing and
embellishment techniques. They can stitch or sew on buttons, objects, and or use fabric paint to
embellish the garment.
3. Students may use acrylic paint on a small piece of shaped canvas and sew that onto the garment.
4. A written record of the reconditioning process should be made in the student’s resource journal.
5. Part of this activity can be assigned for homework.
6. Students should be able to define the difference between “fine” and “applied” arts.
Accommodations
• Simplify assignments when necessary.
• Allow extra time to complete the task.
• Buddy up a stronger student with one who could use encouragement and support.
• Regularly repeat and review creation instructions.
• See Appendix B.
Assessment/Evaluation Techniques
• Have students do a peer evaluation.
Description
This activity is designed to show students that visual artists often make strong statements expressing their
concerns about issues in society and the environment. Students meet in co-operative groups to view
specific images and write a response in their journals.
Planning Notes
• The teacher may find information on contemporary artists at art gallery web sites, artist’s web sites
and current magazines.
Prior Knowledge
• See Unit Overview.
Teaching/Learning Strategies
1. The teacher arranges students in co-operative learning groups of three or five. Give each group a
number of reproductions of images done by artists who care about the environment or who have
taken a strong stand on issues. Students discuss the message, the statement about contemporary
society and the specific concern of the artist. Each group makes a brief presentation to the class on
their findings. Examples of artists are: Joyce Weiland, Greg Curnoe, Michael Snow, Andy
Goldsworthy, Sue Coe and Jane Ash Poitras, Keith Haring, Robert Houle.
2. Students may use their resource journals to record the group reactions to the artwork. Put closure to
the unit by revisiting the three essential questions.
3. The teacher may also have the students search the Internet for other examples. They can share their
findings with the class
Assessment/Evaluation Techniques
• The teacher can observe learning skills in group planning and presentations.
Health/Safety
• No issues anticipated
Resources
Search Internet for applicable sites.
Look at current art magazines such as Art News and Canadian Art.
Unit Description
In this unit, students use art production, analysis, and critical thinking to consolidate student learning.
The culminating activity for this unit challenges students, requiring them to apply concepts attained in
the course. It provides them opportunity to express their own ideas about their individual creative
process. In this activity, students must represent the content of the course in a visual manner. This unit is
the summative evaluation of student achievement, based on the expectations and the achievement chart
for this course. The unit represents 30% of the final mark. (See Program Planning and Assessment, The
Ontario Curriculum, Grades 9 and 10, 1999, p. 11.)
Teaching/Learning Strategies
• Use a variety of teaching strategies to facilitate students through the activities, rather than deliver
content.
• Use directions in activities that will provide students with an understanding of the problem that they
are assigned to solve.
• Consider individual student needs in the planning of lessons. Modify the projects and the evaluation
as necessary. Note suggested accommodations in each activity.
• Through Units 1-4 students have practised critical thinking skills and meta-cognitive thinking skills
in their work and they now must be able to demonstrate these skills.
• Prepare students for the evaluative nature of this culminating project, by informing them that only
technical assistance with materials and supply provision will be provided.
• Cue students to the importance of this culminating activity. Students need to understand that the unit
will provide them with opportunity to draw conclusions to ideas they expressed in the portfolio and
response journal.
Resources
A. Smith with F. Hancock. Getting into Art History. Toronto: Barn Press, 1993. ISBN 9696953-0-6
Note: See previous units and activities for Resources. Students may need to revisit resources used in
lessons from the previous units.
Description
This activity provides students with the opportunity to reflect on the unit titles/themes explored in Units
1-4 and to critically reflect and evaluate their own artistic development in the course. Students represent
and respond to the main concepts explored in this course verbally (through the portfolio interview) and
visually (through the products created) manner. The responses in this activity are built upon and extended
in the portfolio interview and culminating art project.
Planning Notes
• Student work should be selected for this lesson prior to this activity. Students can do this. One piece
of artwork should represent each of the four previous unit title/themes.
Teaching/Learning Strategies
1. Students select four works of art that are representative of each of the four units from the works they
have produced. Display these artworks together.
2. Ask students to identify each piece of artwork with the unit that it represents. Have students discuss
how each artwork represents the ideas explored in their corresponding unit. The teacher could
prepare a summary sheet for students to add to their resource journal as they work through ideas.
Assessment/Evaluation Techniques
• Check for understanding and completion of the review sheets and symbols.
• This activity becomes a part of the portfolio interview, as the information reviewed in this activity is
crucial to the interview.
Accommodations
• The teacher should modify this activity accordingly (e.g., essential questions could be eliminated or
simplified).
• Provide students with a checklist of activities that could represent each unit.
• Allow students with special needs to work with a peer tutor in the completion of the review sheet.
• Collect previous ideas in the resource journal
• Provide a list of activities with a checklist of things they should have learned.
Description
Students have just completed a review and reflection of Units 1-4. In Activity 1 students created a
symbol to represent each unit. In this activity students further analyse their artistic development by
determining and representing an artist or individual who is an influence or inspiration for their artistic
journey. Students will represent this artist by creating a wearable item, e.g., a medal of honour, a hat, a
shirt design. The design should represent the student artist and demonstrate his or her artistic style.
Planning Notes
• Teachers need to book Library/Resource Centre time for this activity.
• Students need to collect found objects, such as old buttons, linoleum, an article of clothing, etc., as a
base for the creation of the design in this activity.
• Students need to choose manageable projects for the time allowed.
Teaching/Learning Strategies
1. Have each student display one artwork that they produced in this course. Give students a list of ten
artists with whose artworks students will be familiar from the content of the course. Possible
examples include Michelangelo, Escher, Giotto, Masaccio, Alex Colville, Joyce Weiland, Emily
Carr. Review characteristics of these artists and their work. Students then complete a “gallery tour”
of the student artworks displayed in the room and identify student artworks which remind them of the
artists in the list. This is a fast-paced and fun activity that has no right or wrong answers.
2. Students view the artworks of artists who have had a profound and lasting impact on civilization such
as Michelangelo or an artist who is/was inspirational because of their originality such as Michael
Snow.
3. Students then choose the artist that has, through their example, influenced their artistic expression
and the way they perceive images.
4. Students research information about the individual or artist of their choice using the
Library/Resource Centre and the Internet. Students should also explain why they have chosen this
artist or individual, and how they have influenced their art.
5. Based on the information gathered, students design a wearable piece that depicts the artist or
represents their artistic style. This design could be painted, be a collage, be drawn, have texture, etc.
6. Students will bring or wear this wearable art project to their portfolio interview as a symbol of their
artistic journey.
Assessment/Evaluation Techniques
• This activity becomes a part of the portfolio interview.
Accommodations
• Accommodate students with special needs when planning the research component of this activity.
Modify the research questions to meet students needs. A simplified reading about an artist and a fill
in the blank sheet could be a sample of a modification.
• Accommodate students with special needs when constructing the wearable art piece. Modify the size
and criteria for this project.
Description
Students in Grade 10 are usually familiar with portfolios and portfolio interviews as an assessment and
evaluation method. However, students need to understand that this is a component of the 30% final
evaluation. Teachers must clearly define and explain to students within a class and within a Visual Arts
department, a common understanding of the portfolio process. Students need to understand the teacher’s
expectations of students for the portfolio interview. Rubrics, expectations, and procedures need to be
outlined, so students can realize their potential for the interview. The wearable symbol of honour created
in the last activity is brought to the interview, and it becomes a catalyst or motivator for conversation
about a student’s own artistic development. The wearable art piece can become a focus in the portfolio
interview for an individual student. Student answers around the essential questions can help direct
personal discussion with individual students.
Planning Notes
• Prepare a handout package for students that include rubrics, checklists, outlines, and timelines for
portfolio interviews and content.
Teaching/Learning Strategies
1. A portfolio interview should be conducted with each student on an individual basis. While students
work on the final activity in this unit, the teacher should take the opportunity to schedule and conduct
individual portfolio interviews with all students in the class. Interviews bring closure to student
learning within a class and allow students a final word about their work, their learning, and their
goals for the future. It gives teachers opportunity to make final evaluation decisions.
2. Students have a resource journal, which contains evidence of their learning. They also have a
portfolio of work that they have completed throughout Units 1-4. Students now need to think about
their accumulated learning and accomplishments. The symbol of honour is brought to the portfolio
interview and becomes a catalyst or motivator for conversation about a student’s own artistic
development. Teachers give students instruction for the interview format and have them prepare. The
content of what students say is up to each individual student. Students need class time and instruction
on how to prepare for this. See Appendices L, N, and O for portfolio interview suggestions and tools
that could be used. Ideally allow 10-15 minutes for each interview.
Assessment/Evaluation Techniques
• Check for understanding via self-evaluation or journal entry.
Accommodations
• Simplify expectations for identified students.
• Accommodate students with special needs when considering interviewing strategies (e.g., make
questions more concrete, limit the number of questions, direct students when necessary.)
• Have a conversation, rather that prepared questions.
• Modify the handout package to meet individual needs.
Description
Students create a culminating art project that reflects the ideas presented in each of the four units. The
project consists of four images, each of which represents one of the four units of study. These images are
layered in a shallow shadow box (a frame or box, that allows depth so that what is displayed, can occupy
depth within the frame or box) or diorama (a three-dimensional representation of a scene with a painted
background that merges with features and objects by use of linear perspective). Each diorama or shadow
box must have a foreground, front middleground, rear middleground, and background. The four images
are framed by a cutout image of a window in one of the styles studied in the course: Romanesque,
Gothic, or Renaissance. The box is entitled Window of My Mind and the view through the window
represents what the students have learned in the course.
Planning Notes
The teacher should:
• create a model with or without sketches on it to ensure that students understand the basic design
concept of the project. This could be a sample used as a reference for students. See Appendix AA. A
clear diagram could substitute for the model. The model or diagram should be prepared to start the
unit.
• stress that the model or diagram is a suggested structure only, and that students are invited to vary
and improvise.
• prepare a handout package that includes rubrics, checklists, and project specifications.
• make reference to any rubrics prior to introducing this project. It should be noted that the rubric
evaluates students’ creative and technical responses to the overall scene that is created in the
construction of this project. See Appendix K for a rubric sample.
• provide instruction for the shadow box or diorama to ensure the construction of the box is free from
flaws. For example, students should be provided with constant reminders that the project should be
assembled from the background to the foreground to avoid difficulties with working in the limited
space of a shadow box or diorama.
The creative aspect of this activity is the student’s responsibility, as this is an evaluative project.
Teachers need to be aware that certain technical guidance must be given to ensure that the piece will
have structural viability for this three-dimensional project.
Teaching/Learning Strategies
Teachers need to give instruction so students can construct the project correctly.
1. In Activity 1 of this unit, students reviewed the key concepts of this course and translated those
words and phrases into symbols. When introducing this culminating project, the teacher should
inform students that these ideas and the symbols will become a three-dimensional project. This
Assessment/Evaluation Techniques
• This activity is a major component for this evaluation unit worth 30% of the final evaluation.
• Teachers should create rubrics for the process of students creating and for the product of what they
have created.
Accommodations
• Provide additional time as necessary.
• Distribute checklist for completion of tasks.
• Provide outline for written reflection.
• Show examples of completed segments of project for students who experience difficulty with verbal
instructions.
• Modify project to meet student needs. (This project could become a two-dimensional collage.)
• Reduce the number of layers in the shadow box or diorama surface.
Create each of these two circles on a separate card. Cut out and fasten the circles with a butterfly
fastener, as illustrated. Turn the dials for combinations of drawing techniques and mediums.
Teaching art requires consideration of the safety of the materials that are used by students in the
classroom. Teachers should inform students about hazards, train students to work safely with materials,
model safe behaviour and enforce safety rules. WHMIS (workplace hazardous materials and information
sheets) provide information data sheets about a product’s hazards and the precautions required for its safe
use in the work environment. The following is a list of safe practices for the art classroom:
• Begin to identify hazardous materials in your inventory by reading product labels. However, the label
may not fully indicate the hazards contained in the material as not all products have been fully
studied.
• Be aware that imported materials may not be subject to the same labelling laws.
• Schools can require material safety data sheets as a condition of purchase.
• Products for which there are no data sheets should not be used. Another alternative should be found.
• Storage of flammable chemicals should conform to province fire regulations.
• Never store hazardous chemicals on the floor or above shoulder height.
• Label containers.
• Dispose of materials properly. Check regulations. Do not pour solvents down drains.
• Use proper protective equipment.
• It is important to have good ventilation in the art room. Ventilation systems should be checked
periodically to ensure they are working properly.
For more information, refer to: Rossol, M. The Artist’s Complete Health & Safety Guide. New York: Allworth Press, 1994.
Pictures, prints, and reproductions are available from many different sources. Considerations when
selecting prints should include that they are inexpensive, accessible, and can be used for many varied
activities within the classroom. Reproductions of artworks by professional artists should be the focus of
this collection. Visuals that demonstrate design within the environment are also important.
The resource journal is an effective device for students to organize, store, and access the materials that
they produce and receive in this course. Extensive references have been made to this tool throughout the
Grade 9 and 10 Course Profiles. A suggested organizational format is outlined below. This format can be
adapted to any type of container and a wide range of organizers can be used to separate materials within
the resource journal such as file folders, dividers, tabs, and envelopes.
A variety of assessment and evaluation strategies should be used to meet the needs of all students. The
assessment and evaluation tools used should match the approaches used in the curriculum to assess and
evaluate targets set in the expectations. Rubrics for assessment and evaluation are in the policy
documents.
Anecdotal records Teacher log Checklists
Performance charts Demonstrations Presentations
Independent study projects Interviews Feedback sheets
Conferencing Peer evaluation Pencil and paper tests/quizzes
Performance assessments Portfolio content Portfolio interview
Self-evaluation Seminars Written material
Oral presentations Journals Process rubrics
Product rubrics Resource file Worksheets
Critiques Observation checklists Debates
3. Under the High Renaissance you may wish to consider how the area studied under Early Renaissance
reached perfection:
• Leonardo – study of nature, compositional devises (pyramid), humanism, use of classical
influences;
• Michelangelo – anatomy, composition, use of classical influences, Renaissance perfection
becomes Mannerist emotionalism;
• Raphael – idea of perfection, beauty, symmetry.
4. Each of these areas can be covered separately. After determining which section you will cover, you
should do the following:
• Design a lesson plan around one of the concepts with format, questions, and assignments for the
students.
• Select slides and write up specific information on each slide that will be used as background
material.
• If possible, use two projectors to do side-by-side comparisons.
Middle Renaissance
The Battle of San Romano, Uccello, 1450 National Gallery, London, England
Background to the Piece
• Three-part painting of three main episodes in battle; each panel is now in a different city (London,
Paris, Florence)
• Commissioned by the Medici family to commemorate victory
• Uses geometric one-point perspective
• Horses are like rocking horses
• Horses, spears, dead bodies lie on orthagonals (diagonals moving back towards vanishing points)
• Foreground exaggerated
High Renaissance
The artists of the High Renaissance were able to progress from the work of the Early Renaissance artists.
Unity was achieved by using pyramid composition to connect central figures. Aerial perspective helped
to place the harsh foliage and rocks with more natural landscape.
The Madonna of the Rocks, Version #1: London, Leonardo da Vinci
Version #2: Paris, Leonardo da Vinci
Background to the Piece
• Leonardo uses the pyramid structure to unite his central figures (compositional structure)
• Point out the use of chiaroscuro (the use of light and dark) as a device to show mass and volume
• Mary, Jesus, St. John, and angel in grotto
• Figures form a pyramid shape
• Each figure links onto one another through gesture or gaze
• Each figure is anatomically correct (volume and mass of the figure)
Possible Teaching Approach
• Ask students if they see any differences between the London and the Paris versions of The Madonna
of the Rocks. (London – harsher, Paris-softer)
The Last Supper, Leonardo da Vinci, 1495-8 Refectory of Santa Maria della Grazie, Milan
Background to the Piece
• Simple one-point perspective – all the lines lead to the Christ figure
• The painting is divided into groups of three
• Jesus and disciples at the Passover dinner
• Jesus has just told his disciples that they will betray him
• The figures form a mini drama or tableau
Possible Teaching Approach
• Point out the use of one-point perspective with the vanishing point centred at Christ’s head. In
addition, point out that the architecture behind the figures is drawn using simple one-point
perspective. Have students trace the one-point perspective lines.
Point out how Leonardo uses groups of three to divide up his long table with Jesus and twelve
disciples.
With these slides, focus on the three essential questions when presenting information:
1. How do artists use mathematical principles? (theory)
2. What do artists create from mathematical models? (creation)
3. How does art change through new discoveries? (analysis)
The golden section comes from ancient Greece. It is a way to compose images based on mathematics.
Artists use it to find compositional harmony and perfect balance. The golden section was used during the
Italian Renaissance.
How to Make a Golden Rectangle
A golden rectangle can be constructed using a compass
and straightedge. To accomplish this construction, follow
the steps given. The figure shows the appropriate
lettering of the vertices.
1. Construct a square AEFD.
2. Bisect DF; label the midpoint M.
3. Extend DF.
4. With centre M and radius ME, draw an arc
intersecting DF at C.
5. Construct a perpendicular to DC at C.
6. Extend AE to intersect the perpendicular at B.
Make a Model
Cut a sheet of paper to measure 25 cm by 15.5 cm. This
rectangle closely approximates a golden rectangle. Fold
over one corner of the rectangle as shown. Then cut off
the square from the rectangle. The remaining rectangle
has the same properties as the original rectangle; hence it
is also a golden rectangle.
Spirals
The golden section can also form a spiral. By dividing
the canvas into divisions and subdivisions using the
golden section, create a spiral by multiplying each
measurement obtained successively by 0.618. The curves
pass through the golden point of each measurement,
covering the total surface area on which the painting will
be done.
1. Choose an artwork you completed earlier in the year and compare it with one that you have done
recently.
a) How has your artwork improved?
2. How would your wearable symbol of honour piece apply to the following essential questions:
a) Am I using the right tools to make my ideas clear to others?
b) What makes my art creative and unique?
c) How do I speak to others through my art?
3. Choose your favourite artwork and describe steps you used in the process of designing it. How did
these process steps contribute to your success?
4. Compare one of your artworks with a work from one of the time periods studied in this course.
Explain how your work is either similar to or different from the historical work.
5. Explain how one of your artworks answered a design challenge or problem in this course.
6. Show how one of your artworks uses a varied and creative approach in its realization.
7. Select the artwork in your portfolio that you think most effectively exhibits a sense of balance.
Describe the features that contribute to this sense of balance.
8. Select the artwork in your portfolio that you think most effectively expresses a feeling or message.
Explain how you have used the elements and principles of design to achieve this expressive effect.
Student Portfolio
Portfolio Structures
Celebration Portfolio
Structure A
• used as a keepsake
• a personal collection of favorite works and academic certificates
• to show positive examples of learning experiences
• allows students to make the evaluations based on what is “special”
• allows students to become cognizant of their strengths and interests
Time Sequence Portfolio
Structure B1: The Growth Portfolio
• collection of work over time to demonstrate change in proficiency
• guidelines for selection developed by teacher and/or students
• guidelines dictate indicators for a particular proficiency or skill, e.g., contour-line drawing
• evaluation criteria needs to be constant over time
• feedback from teacher must be ongoing
• students are provided with substantial motivation to grow
Structure B2: The Project Portfolio
• over time, a student shows the completion of stages to a larger assignment.
• guidelines for the selection are in place, based on expectations from the curriculum documents.
• guidelines dictate that student provides evidence of completing all the necessary steps.
• guidelines define what quality work is (a four level rubric designed for this would be an example of
guidelines that indicate various degrees of quality (see pages 60 and 61 in The Ontario Curriculum,
Grades 9 and 10, The Arts, 1999).
• Guidelines should be given to students before work begins and can be used as a feedback tool over
time.
Student Portfolio
Student Portfolio
Inventiveness
Look for imaginative, novel, or original solutions to problems.
Look for degree of elaboration on ideas and images – the number of dimensions and degree of
complexity.
Look for initiative in finding additional information and tasks.
Look at the content of the resource file.
Critical Thinking
Look for reference to internal and external evidence for interpretations of pictorial meanings (including
the ability to describe and use sensory and formal properties).
Look for ability to assess the value of information.
Look for reflection on and evaluation of one’s own artwork and that of others.
Group- and self-evaluation tools can be developed and included in the resource file.
Historical Understanding
Look for awareness of other artists, countries, and times; other styles, themes, subjects, and formats.
Aesthetic Appreciation
Look for ability to address “big questions.”
Look for inductive and deductive reasoning.
Development of self-evaluation tools would be beneficial, and can be included in the resource file.
Technical Quality
Look for adeptness with materials, tools, and techniques of presentation.
Choose a piece of art you completed earlier in the year and compare it with one that you have done
recently.
• How has your artwork improved?
• How do you solve problems now in your artwork, compared with how you solved them earlier in the
year?
Choose one item that you are most proud of and tell why.
Which piece of work would you most likely have framed? Why?
What are the two most important things that you have learned? How does your artwork show this?
With which piece do you feel you could still do more work? What would you do to finish the piece?
Find other ideas in: Smith, Annie with Francena Hancock. Getting into Art History. Toronto: Barn Press,
1993. ISBN 96969953-0-6
1. Overall appearance: Examine the object from various angles. How do I react to it?
2. Form: Record measurements, weights and proportions. Is there evidence of any repair or alteration?
3. Ornament: For any ornamentation, ask: Why is it there? Does it appear to accomplish its purpose?
Is the overall effect the better for its presence?
4. Colour: Does it appear to be original, or has it been changed over time?
5. Analysis of materials: Gather and assess information about the individual materials, e.g., wood,
metal, fabric. Use any instruments needed, for example, magnifying glass, camera, microscope, ruler.
What is the object made of?
6. Techniques: What techniques were used to construct the object? Inspect the object for clues.
7. Trade practices: Do any brand names, symbols, dates, or identifying marks exist on the object? Do
these help to date or give a location for the object?
8. Function: Why was the object made? What were the limiting conditions imposed by materials,
techniques, and skills? What was the intent of the maker? Can the object have adequately performed
the use for which it was designed? Does the evidence of wear occur where one would expect if the
object had been used as designed?
9. Style: Does the object have characteristics of a certain period, movement in art, technology, or
society?
10. Date: When was the object made? Appearance, form, and knowledge of its evaluation, ornament,
and style all play important parts in arriving at an approximate date. Look for any stamps, clues,
signatures, or marks.
11. Attribution: Who made this object? How do you know? Are you sure? In the case of an author’s
signature, ask, “What proof is there that this name or initials are authentic?” Can you ascribe the
work to a known artist on the basis of style only?
12. History: What do you know about the ownership of this object? Is there any information about the
object that is documented through sales records, exhibition catalogues, or family history?
13. Condition: Is there evidence of natural aging and wear such as colouration, patina, cracking, etc.
Have repairs been made?
14. Appraisal or evaluation: What is the value of the object? What criteria will this object be valued
by?
Teachers:
• establish ground rules for group dialogue;
• establish roles for each group member;
• model group discussion that encourages students to give reasons;
• allow students to respond to ideas and opinions of others;;
• allow students to summarize ideas;
• inform students of the assessment criteria for a group activity;
• devise a method for students to self-evaluate their group contribution;
• devise a method for group evaluation processes;
• prepare a follow-up to assess student’s knowledge.
Group discussion will:
• bring out ideas that emerge unexpectedly;
• encourage students to follow a set criteria for discussion;
• encourage students to express ideas;
• encourage students to respect the opinions of others;
• encourage students to participate and communicate.
Criteria Indicators
Undeveloped Partial Competent Powerful
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4
50-59% 60-69% 70-79% 80-100%
Content - no evidence of - expresses - responses - evidence of
thoughtful personal supported by higher order
reflection – tells preferences only – specific examples thinking – student
only what no explanation and personal makes
happened or what offered reflections connections
s/he did between personal
reflections and
specific examples
Self-evaluation - journal notes - clearly identifies - aware of - has developed a
show limited strengths and personal needs repertoire of
insight into own needs as a learner, and strengths as a strategies for
strengths and but does not learner and is solving own
needs as a learner attempt to solve beginning to difficulties as
own problems develop strategies learner and sets
for solving own own goals for
problems improvement and
future learning
Work habits - requires constant - occasionally - independently - takes own
prompting to needs to complete completes the initiative to use
complete journal log; most entries required number journal as a way
entries are completed on of entries and of exploring own
time submits journal on learning and
time completes more
than the required
number of entries
Note: A student whose achievement is below level 1 (50%) has not met the expectations for this
assignment or activity.
SIMILAR DIFFERENT
Slide A Slide B
Historical period: Historical period:
The Shadowbox
1. Each layer of the shadowbox is cut out so that the next layer behind it can be seen. The drawing of
the building (layer three) and the landscape image (layer four) should be visible through the window
cutout.
2. The diagram indicates how each layer is arranged and attached. The layers can be attached either by
cardboard spacer blocks or boxboard U-joints. The dimensions for this project may vary depending
on the materials available and the students’ needs. A frame/edge could be attached to the sides of this
project to disguise the visible joints and structure.
Course Evaluation
See The Ontario Curriculum, Grades 9 and 10, The Arts, pp. 60-61 for a detailed breakdown of the four
levels of achievement
Reflection Sheet
1. How would you explain the development of your ideas for your “Not-So-Still Life”?
3. How did listening to others during the class brainstorming session help in the development of your
ideas?
6. Did you find that some of your ideas did not work? Why?
7. How did you make use of your Look Page Resources? Be specific.
Contour Drawing means drawing the edge of an object as a way of co-ordinating one’s sense of touch
and sight. Contour drawings are line drawings that are developed form by form, or detail by detail, to
arrive at the completed form. As the eye follows the contours of the object, the hand draws the line,
trying to ‘feel’ the edge of the object visually. Suggest that students look at one point of the object, then
place their pencil on the paper, at the place corresponding to the place their eyes are resting on the object.
As they move their eye slowly along the contour of the object they should move their pencil on the paper
at the same time. A true contour line is one slow, continuous line.
Media
• White cartridge, fine line marker or pen, drawing boards, masking tape
• Still life material
Objectives
• To strengthen observational skills
• To extend concentration time
• To introduce the specific techniques of blind contour drawings and modified contour drawings
• To introduce the idea that drawing involves seeing as well as the hand motion of putting pencil to
paper
• To develop a sensitive use of line
Assessment
When assessing blind and modified blind contour drawings, teachers should consider the following:
• line sensitivity (careful observation of even minor details in the outside or inside edge);
• continuous line (student should not lift their drawing utensil – the line should be uninterrupted);
• modified blind contour drawings should be more accurate, with inner and outer edges in proportion
to the original;
• Look for lines that “double back” to pick up small details.
Note: A student whose achievement is below level 1 (50%) has not met the expectations for this
assignment or activity.
Value
Line
Shape/Form
Space
Texture
Emphasis
Proportion/Scale
Rhythm/Movment
Unity