02/08/2019 Seminar Teknik

Menjawab Soalan
Kimia SPM
Kertas 2
SMK SERI MUTIARA, KL

OLEH: PN SHARIN HANUM AB RAHMAN

SMK ST GABRIEL
 EXAM FORMAT FOR SPM CHEMISTRY PAPERS

PAPER 1 PAPER 2 PAPER 3

PAPER
[ 4541/1] [ 4541/2] [4541/3]
Subjective question
Objective question
Section A Structured
Multiple
Structured questions question
choice
Item Section B &
&
Limited response questions Open response
Multiple
Section C question
combination
Open response questions
Section A
6 questions Structured questions
(answer all) 1-2 questions
Section B (answer all)
50
Number of questions 2 question Design and planning
(answer all)
( choose one) the experiment
Section C 1 question
2 question (compulsory)
( choose one)
Total marks 50 100 50
Written in the space
Marked on OMR Written in the space provided in
Ways to response provided in the
form the question paper
question paper
Duration of time 1 hour 15 minutes 2 hours 30 minutes 1 hour 30 minutes
Knowledge: Knowledge: 14%
20 questions Understanding:21% Sciences process
Understanding: Application: 29% skills:
Construct
15 questions Analyzing: 21% 13 sciences process
Application: Synthesizing/Evaluating/Creating: skills
15 question 15%
L: 25 questions L:50%
Level of difficulty M: 15 questions M:30%
H: 10 questions H:20%
*** Latest format spm 2018

Starting 2015- KBAT questions 30-50 %

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 1.0 : Mengenali Konstruk Kimia : Teknik Belajar yang strategik

1. Pengetahuan / Knowing

Kebolehan kognitif untuk mengingat semula atau mengenalpasti elemen spesifik yang terdapat dalam
suatu kandungan mata pelajaran

Sample question 1 [ SPM 2014 : Question 3(a)(i)]

What is the meaning of isotope? [1 mark]

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan isotope?
Suggested answer: Atoms (of the same element) has the same Proton number /number of proton but
different Nucleon number/number of neutron
Atom-atom (bagi unsur yg sama) mempunyai nombor proton /bilangan proton yg sama tetapi nombor
nucleon/bilangan neutron yg berbeza
Reject answer: Same Proton number but different Nucleon number
Sama nombor proton tetapi berbeza nombor nukleon

Sample question 2 [ SPM 2018: Question 1(a)(i)]

State the meaning of rate of reaction [1 mark]

Nyatakan maksud kadar tindak balas
Suggested answer: Change/ (Increase/decrease/Amount) in the quantity of reactant or products per unit
time/second
Perubahan (Peningkatan/Penurunan/Jumlah) Kuantiti bahan tindak balas atau has ail tindak balas per unit
masa/saat
Reject answer: substances/ bahan
Reject answer: against time/over time/terhadap masa/bahagi masa
Reject answer : speed of the reaction/fast or slow of the reaction/kelajuan sesuatu tindakbalas/cepat atau
lambat tindakbalas

SPM 2010 Question 8

Exp 1: Reactants(Excess zinc + 50cm3 of 0.5 moldm-3 hydrochloric acid) at room temperature
Exp 2 : Reactants (Excess zinc + 50cm3 of 0.5 moldm-3 hydrochloric acid) at 600C
State the meaning of rate of reaction based on Exp 1 and 2.
Nyatakan maksud kadar tindak balas berdasarkan Exp 1 dan 2.
Suggested answer: Change(Increase) in the volume of gas (hydrogen) per unit time/second
Perubahan (Peningkatan) isipadu gas (hydrogen) per unit masa/saat

2. Kefahaman/Understanding

Kebolehan kognitif untuk mengetahui apa yang telah dikomunikasikan dan boleh menggunakan bahan
atau idea yang telah dikomunikasikan tanpa menghubungkannya dengan bahan lain atau melihat semua
implikasinya

Sample question 1 [ SPM 2018: Question 1(b)]

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Rubrik answer: 1- [ Able to choose a situation correctly when the meat will
cook faster] ---------------1 m
2 & 3 - [Able to give explanation correctly] -------2 m

Answer:

1. A/ Satay

2. Smaller size // Bigger total surface area (saiz kecil/jumlah luas permukaan yg besar)

3. More heat energy is absorbed (lebih banyak tenaga haba diserap)

Sample question 2 [ SPM 2012: Question 8(a) (i)]

8. (a) Diagram 8.1 shows the energy level for the reaction between silver
nitrate and sodium chloride.

Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan aras tenaga bagi tindak balas antara argentum nitrat dan
natrium klorida.

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 Diagram 8.1
Rajah 8.1

(i) Write two statements that can be concluded from Diagram 8.1.
Tulis dua pernyataan yang boleh dirumus daripada Rajah 8.1. [2 marks]

Refer text book : page 146

Rubric answer: 1. Type of (heat) reaction – (according to sign symbol +/-

∆H, endothermic, heat is absorbed/exothermic, heat is
released.
2. Temperature of the mixture- increase/decrease
3. Different in Total energy content of reactant (Tecr)
And Total energy content of product (Tecp)
4. Elaborate the equation including ∆H

Sample answer:
1. It is an exothermic reaction, heat is released in the reaction (ia adalah tindak balas eksotermik,
tenaga haba dibebaskan dalam tindakbalas ini)
2. Temperature of the mixture increased (suhu campuran meningkat)
3. Total energy content of products (Tecp) is lower than the Total energy content of reactant (Tecr)
(Jumlah kandungan tenaga hasil tindak balas lebih rendah dari jumlah kandungan tenaga bahan
tindakbalas)
4. 1 mol silver nitrate react with 1 mol sodium chloride to form 1 mol silver
chloride and 1 mol sodium nitrate, 65.5 kJ energy is produced. (1 mol argentum nitrat bertindakbalas
dengan 1 mol natrium klorida untuk membentuk 1 mol argentum klorida dan 1 mol natrium nitrat,
65.5 kJ tenaga dibebaskan

Sample question 3 [ SPM 2005: Question 8(a)]

The following information is about hydrochloric acid and ethanoic acid.
Maklumat berikut adalah mengenai asid hydrochloric dan asid etanoik

 The pH of 1 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid solution is 1

 Nilai pH bagi 1a moldm-3 asid hidroklorik ialah 1
 The pH of 1 mol dm-3 ethanoic acid solution is 4
 Nilkai pH bagi 1 moldm-3 asid etanoik ialkah 4
explain why these two solutions have different pH values. [4 marks]
Terangkan mengapa kedua-dua larutan ini mempunyai nilai pH yang berbeza
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Suggested answer:

1. Hydrochloric acid ionises completely in water /Asid hidroklorik mengion lengkap dalam air
However, ethanoic acid ionises partially /tetapi asid etanoik mengion separa
2.Thus, the concentration of hydrogen ion, H+ in aqueous hydrochloric acid / Oleh itu kepekatan ion
hydrogen, H+ dalam larutan akueus asid hidroklorik
is very much higher than in aqueous ethanoic acid/ adalah lebih tinggi berbanding dalam larutan
akueus asid etanoik
3. The higher the concentration of H+ is, the lower its pH will be/ Semakin tinggi kepekatan ion hydrogen
semakin rendah nilai pH
4. Therefore, the pH of hydrochloric acid is lower than the pH of ethanoic / Oleh itu, nilai pH asid
hydroklorik lebih kecil dari asid etanoik

4. Aplikasi / Application

Kebolehan menggunakan pengetahuan untuk memberikan penjelasan bagi suatu situasi baru atau
menyelesaikan masalah .
Sample question 1 [ SPM 2017: Question 9(i)]

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(i ) Calculate average rate of reaction for Experiment 1 and Experiment II
[4 marks]

Rubric answer :

1. Calculate average rate of reaction Exp 1

2. Answer with correct unit
3. Calculate average rate of reaction Exp II
4. Answer with correct unit

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Experiment 1 = 48/210
= 0.228 cm3/s

Experiment II = 48/150
= 0.32 cm3/s

Sample question 2. [ SPM 2009. Question 10]

(a) In an experiment, 50 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 of ethanoic acid, CH3COOH reacts completely with x g of
sodium hydroxide, NaOH and is dissolved in 100 cm3 of solution.
Calculate the value of x. [ Given the molar mass of sodium hydroxide, NaOH is 40] [4 marks]

Suggested answer :
1. CH3COOH(aq) + NaOH(aq)--------- CH3COONa(aq) + H2O(l)
2. 1 000 cm3 of CH3COOH contain 0.1 mol
Thus 50 cm3of CH3COOH contain 0.1/1000 x 50 = 0.005 mol
3. From equation : 1 mol of ethanoic acid reacts with 1 mol NaOH
Thus, 0.005 mol of ethanoic acid reacts with 0.005 mol of NaOH
4. Molar mass of NaOH = 23 + 16 + 1 = 40 g
Thus, 0.005 mol NaOH = 40 x 0.005 = 0.2 g

4. Analisis/ Analysis
Kebolehan mencerakinkan elemen-elemen atau bahagian-bahagian yang terdapat dalam suatu set
komunikasi sehingga suatu bentuk pertalian antara elemen-elemen atau bahagian-bahagian yang membina
set komunikasi itu dapat ditunjukkan dengan jelas

Sample Question : [ SPM 2007; Question Number 10 (b) ii ]

Table 10.1 shows the data from Experiment I and Experiment II that were carried out to study the rate of
reaction of zinc with two acids, P and Q.

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Explain the different in the rate of reaction between Experiment I and Experiment II before 160s. Use the
collision theory in your explanation. [6 marks]
Suggested answer :

1. The acid used in experiment I is hydrochloric acid.

It is a monoprotic acid.
The acid produces one hydrogen ion per molecule.
2. The acid used in experiment II is sulphuric acid.
It is a diprotic acid.
The acid produces two hydrogen ions per molecule
3. If the concentration are the same , diprotic acid will have more hydrogens per unit volume than
a monoprotic acid.// produce twice/double concentration of H+ions
4. The frequency of collision between zinc atom/Zn and hydrogen ions /H+ ion (reactant particles)
are higher/increases.
5. The frequency of effective collision between zinc atom/Zn and hydrogen ions /H+ ion (reactant
particles) also higher/increases
6. The rate of reaction increases

5. Menilai / evaluation

Mewajarkan keputusan/tindakan yang telah diambil ataupun menilai idea /bahan/maklumat/kaedah

berdasarkan kriteria yang spesifik
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 Sample question [SPM 2016 . Question 2(c)

Suggested answer:
Justify can be pro or con.
Student show decide the use of polymer and explain why
Example answer
1. Agree the usage of polymer
2. Plastic bottles are cheap
3. Can overcome pollution by reduce reuse and recyle the plastic bottle OR use biodegradable plastic

OR

1. Disagree the usage of polymer

2. Improper dispossal of plastic
3. Cause drainage blockage// banjir kilat

1. Diagree usage of polymer

2. Burning of plastic bottle
3. Release toxic / poisonous gas

6. Mencipta : [Sintesis/Synthesis]
Kebolehan menghubungkaitkan atau menggabungkan elemen-elemen supaya membentuk satu
keseluruhan komunikasi / menggabungkan idea/komponen dengan menggunakan pemikiran kreatif untuk
menghasilkan idea/struktur baharu

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Sample question [ SPM 2008 .Question 10 (b) ]
Lead(II) sulphate is insoluble in water.
Describe the preparation of lead(II)sulphate in the laboratory.
In your description , include the chemical equation involved. [ 10 marks]

Suggested answer :

1. Preparation of lead(II)sulphate :
Lead(II)sulphate can be prepared by a precipitation method such as by the reaction of Pb(NO 3)2
with Na2SO4
2. Explanation : In this method, an insoluble salt is produced when two aqueous solution salt are
mixed together.
3. Procedure:
A beaker is filled with about 25 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3of lead(II)nitrate.
4. This is followed by 25 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3of sodium sulphate solution.
5. The mixture is then stirred with a glass rod.
6. Observation : A white precipitate is formed.
7. Chemical equation: Pb(NO3)2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) ----- PbSO4(aq) + 2NaNO3(aq)
8. The precipitate PbSO4 is then filtered out by using a filter funnel fitted with a piece of filter paper.
9. The precipitate is rinsed with distilled water .
10. Then dried by pressing between two pieces of filter paper.

Sample question [ SPM 2016 SPM 2013 Question 5 (c)

Diagram 5 shows alkene P, C4H8 undergoes Reaction I to form compound Q. Compound Q undergoes
Reaction II to formed Alkene P.

Reaction I / Tindakbalas II
Alkene P, C4H8 H2O [H3PO4, 3000C, 60 atm]
Alkena P, C4H8 Compound Q
Sebatian Q
Reaction II / Tindakbalas II

(c) Draw a labelled diagram how reaction II can be carried out in the laboratory.
Lukiskan rajah berlabel bagaimana tindakbalas II dijalankan di makmal.

2.0 . GUIDELINE FOR ANSWERING PAPER 2 (STRUCTURE AND ESSAY)

2.1 Paper 2 questions test student on

1. Knowledge
2. Understanding
3. Application
4. Analyzing
5. Synthesizing

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2.2 Steps taken are:

1. Underline the command word and marks allocated for each question.
2. Match the command word to the mark allocated for each question.
1 point is awarded 1 mark.
3. Follow the needs of the question (Refer to the command words, page
…….)
4. Unnecessary repetition of the statement in the question is not required.

2.3 Three types of questions which involve experiments in paper 2:

I. Type 1
Describe an experiment on…………………Include a labeled diagram in
your answer
1. Diagram
2. Procedure
3. Observation/example/data/calculation/equation/sketch of
graph/conclusion

II. Type 2
Describe an experiment……………(The diagram will support your answer.)
1. No mark is allocated for a diagram
2. Procedures
3. Observation/example/calculation/equation/sketch of graph/conclusion

III. Type 3
Describe a chemical/confirmatory test for …….
1. Procedure
2. Observation
3. Conclusion

3.0 THE COMMON COMMAND WORDS IN PAPER 2 CHEMISTRY

The question normally starts with a command word.

 Students must know the meaning of the command word to make sure that the answer given is
according to the question’s requirement.
 Match the command word to the mark allocated for each question.

THE COMMAND WORDS USED IN CHEMISTRY PAPER

ARAHAN PERKATAAN YANG BIASA DIGUNAKAN DALAM KERTAS KIMIA

1. Name: give the name, not the formula

Example: name the element that exists as monoatomic atom
Wrong answer: Ne
Correct answer: Neon

2. State: give brief answer only, explanation is not required

Example: State one substances which can conduct electricity in solid state.
Answer: Copper or Cu
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 State two other elements………
State the difference in hardness………..
State the main component……..
Suggest the type of glass…… (State)
State the name of …….
State one use of……
State one reason why…..
State the type of particles in……..
State the meaning of…….
State the change in oxidation number of……

3. State the observation: Write what is observed physically.

Example 1: State one observation when zinc is added to hydrochloric acid
[1 marks]
Wrong answer: Hydrogen gas released
Correct answer: gas bubbles are released

Example 2: State the colour change when the end point is reached during
titration
Wrong answer: the solution become colourless
Correct answer: The pink colour of the solution change to colourless.

State the observation at cathode

State the observation at the anode

6. Explain: Give the answer with reasons to explain certain statement /fact /
observation/ principal
Example: Explain why bronze is harder than pure copper [4 marks]
Correct answer:
1. Copper atoms in pure copper are all of the same size. Arrangement of
2. They are arranged in layers that can slide easily when force is applied atoms in metal
3. The presence of tin atoms in bronze that are different in size disturb and force
the orderly arrangement of atoms in bronze Arrangement of
4. This reduce the layer of atoms from sliding atoms in alloys
### hardness is related to the force given and force
5. What is meant by… (Definition): give the exact meaning
Example: What is meant by hydrocarbon?
Wrong answer: A compound that contains carbon and hydrogen
Correct answer: A compound that contains carbon and hydrogen only.

What is the meaning of ……………

State the meaning of………

6. Describe chemical test:

State the method to conduct the test, observation and conclusion
Example: Describe how to identify Fe 3+ ions present in the solution
[3 marks]
Answer:
1. Pour in 2cm3 of the solution in a test tube
2. Add a few drops of sodium hydroxide solution
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 The test tube is shake (P1 and P2 – method)
3. A reddish brown precipitate formed (P3 – observation)
4. Fe 3+ ions present. (P4 – conclusion)

7. Describe chemical test (gas):

State the method to conduct the test, observation and conclusion
Example: Describe a chemical test for the gas released at the anode (oxygen)
[3 marks]

Wrong answer: test using glowing wooden splinter.

Correct answer:
1. Collect the gas using test tube
2. Place a glowing wooden splinter to the mouth of the test tube
(P1 and P2 – method)
3. The glowing wooden splinter is lighted up
(P3 – observation)
4. Oxygen gas is released.
(P4 – conclusion)

8. Describe an experiment: (8-10 marks)

No mark is awarded for the diagram

However, diagram can help students to write the steps taken in the
procedure.

1. List of material 1m
2. List of apparatus 1m can be obtained from the diagram
(1-2 marks)
3. Procedure. (5-8 marks)
4. Observation/tabulation of data/ calculation/sketch of the graph/chemical
equation/ Ionic equation/conclusion. (1-2 marks)
5. Any additional details relevant derived from the question.

9. Describe the process……

Describe the structure …… Give relevant details
Describe and write equation……. derived from the question
Describe how………

10. Predict
Make a prediction for something that might happen based on facts
Example: Experiment 1 is repeated using a larger beaker. Predict the
increase in temperature.
Answer: The increase in temperature is lower than experiment 1.

11. Compare:
Give the similarities and differences between two items/situation

12. Differentiate
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 Give differences between two items/situations
Example : State three differences between ionic and covalent compound.
Answer : State three properties of ionic compound and three properties
covalent compound

13. Draw a labeled diagram of the apparatus

Draw a complete set up of apparatus

(i) Functional set up of apparatus

(ii) Complete label
(iii) Shade solid, liquid (dash) and gas correctly.
(iv) Draw an arrow and label’ heat’ if the experiment involves heating

14. Draw a diagram to show the bonding formed in the compound

(i) Ionic compound – The number of electrons in each shell is correct,

2 electrons in the first shell and 8 electrons in the
second and third shell.
– Show the charge of each particle.
– Write the symbol of each element at the centre of the ion.

(ii) Covalent compound

- The number of electrons in each shell is correct, 2 electrons in the first
shell and 8 electrons in the second and third shell.
- The number of atoms sharing pair of electrons is correct.
- Write the symbol of each element at the center of each atom in the
molecule.

15. Draw the energy level diagram.

- Draw an arrow for the vertical axis only and label with energy.
- Draw two horizontal lines for the reactants and products

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 At the middle

16. Draw the energy profile diagram

The energy profile diagram for the reaction between zinc and sulphuric acid
for both sets of the experiment are shown in Diagram 4.

17. Energy profile diagram and Energy level diagram in one profile

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18. Draw the arrangement of particles in solid, liquid and gas
- Solid: Draw at least three layers of particles closely packed in orderly
manner and they are not overlap.
- Liquid: The particles packed closely but not in orderly manner
- Gas: The particles are very far apart from each other

17. Draw the direction of electron flow.

- Draw the direction for the flow of electrons on the circuit, not through the
solution.

18. Write chemical equation.

- Write the balanced chemical equation
- Differentiate:
(i) Balanced chemical equation
N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ------ NH3 (g)
- Correct formula for reactants and products
- Balanced

(ii) Ionic equation

Pb2+ + 2Cl------ PbCl2
- Correct formula for reactants and products
- Balanced

(iii) Half equation for oxidation

Mg---- Mg2++ 2e

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 (iv) Half equation for reduction
Fe3+ + e----- Fe2+

19. Calculate.
-Show all the steps taken
-Give final answer with unit.

Rujukan: Perfect Score & X A –Plus Modules 2013, 2014, spm 2018

~~~~END OF THE MODULE~~~~

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