Experiment No: 1

Aim: To study dynamics of three storied building frame subjected to harmonic

base motion.

Background:

1. This experiment exhibits the understanding of occurrence of resonance

phenomenon in simple multiple degree of freedom.
2. The frame is rectangular in plane with stiffness and mass properties
distributed uniformly in plan as well as in elevation.
3. The frame is designed to facilitate visualization of first three modes with
fare eyes.
4. The model shown in fig. can be thought of as a model for building frame
with three floors which suffers earthquake like base reaction. The model
for building frame however is an idealized demonstration of this
phenomenon since the building can only be subjected to harmonic base
motion.
5. Frequency of base motion can be varied by changing the RPM of electric
motor. It is also possible to vary amplitude of base motion.

Experimental Setup:
1. 4 Aluminum Column
2. 4 Aluminum slabs at an interval of 400mm
3. Shake table
4. Electric Moto

Mathematical Model:
The frame in figure can be approximately reduced as 3 degrees of
freedom.
𝑴𝟏 𝒙𝟏̈ + 𝑪𝟏 (𝒙𝟏̇ − 𝒚̇ ) + 𝑪𝟐 (𝒙𝟏̇ − 𝒙𝟐̇ ) + 𝒌𝟏 (𝒙𝟏 − 𝒚𝟏 ) + 𝒌𝟐 (𝒙𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 ) = 𝟎
𝑴𝟐 𝒙𝟐̈ + 𝑪𝟐 (𝒙𝟐̇ − 𝒙𝟏̇ ) + 𝑪𝟑 (𝒙𝟐̇ − 𝒙𝟑̇ ) + 𝒌𝟐 (𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟏 ) + 𝒌𝟑 (𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟑 ) = 𝟎
𝑴𝟑 𝒙𝟑̈ + 𝑪𝟑 (𝒙𝟑̈ − 𝒙𝟐̇ ) + 𝒌𝟑 (𝒙𝟑̇ − 𝒙𝟐 ) = 𝟎
 𝑴𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝒙𝟏̈ 𝑪𝟏 + 𝑪𝟐 −𝑪𝟐 𝟎 𝒙𝟏̇
𝟎 𝑴𝟐 𝟎 𝒙𝟐̈ + −𝑪𝟐 𝑪𝟐 + 𝑪𝟑 −𝑪𝟑 𝒙𝟐̇
𝟎 𝟎 𝑴𝟑 𝒙𝟑̈ 𝟎 −𝑪𝟑 𝑪𝟑 𝒙𝟑̇
𝒌𝟏 + 𝒌𝟐 −𝒌𝟐 𝟎 𝒙𝟏
+ −𝒌𝟐 𝒌𝟐 + 𝒌𝟑 −𝒌𝟑 𝒙𝟐
𝟎 −𝒌𝟑 𝒌𝟑 𝒙𝟑
𝑪𝟏 + 𝑪𝟐 −𝑪𝟐 𝟎 𝟏
= −𝑪 𝟐 𝑪 𝟐 + 𝑪𝟑 −𝑪 𝟑 𝟏 𝒚̇
𝟎 −𝑪𝟑 𝑪𝟑 𝟏
𝒌𝟏 + 𝒌𝟐 −𝒌𝟐 𝟎 𝟏
+ −𝒌𝟐 𝒌𝟐 + 𝒌𝟑 −𝒌𝟑 𝟏 𝒚
𝟎 −𝒌𝟑 𝒌𝟑 𝟏
[𝑴][𝒙̈ ] + [𝑪][𝒙̇ ] + [𝒌][𝒙] = [𝑪][𝟏]𝒚̇ + [𝒌][𝟏]𝒚
In deriving this model we assume that Slabs are very rigid with column
supplying all stiffness
𝒌∅ = 𝝎𝟐 𝑴∅
Alternative solution can also be constructed by noting that under harmonic
excitations, the system would respond harmonically at driving frequency
𝒚(𝒕) = 𝑽𝒆 × 𝒑(𝒊𝝎𝒕) we can take solution to be of the form
𝒙(𝒕) = 𝒙(𝝎)𝒆𝒙𝒑 (𝒊𝝎𝒕) as𝒕 = ∞
{𝒙(𝝎)} = [−𝝎𝟐 𝑴 + 𝒊𝝎𝑪 + 𝒌] 𝟏 [𝒊𝝎𝑪 + 𝒌]{𝟏}𝒚

Experimental Procedure:
1. Collect all data pertaining to geometric and material properties of
vibrating systems.
2. Using three degrees of freedom model from the mass and stiffness matrix
of structure.
3. Study the charts and manuals that accompany the sensors and charge
amplifiers and note down sensor sensitivities, mass and factors to convert
electrical and mechanical units.
4. Run electric motor at few frequency and measure amplitude of base
motion. These amplitudes are expected to be identical and also to remain
unchanged as the speed of motor varies.
5. Set frame into the vibration by applying an initial displacement. This can
be achieved by gently pulling the frame at about the top slab and
releasing it. Observe free vibration delay on oscilloscope and record the
results.
6. Run the motor test on the frame at different value of motors RPM making
sure that reading at resonant frequencies are not missed. For given motor
RPM allow the frequency to oscillate for few seconds so that frame
reaches its steady state.
7. Frequencies at which the structure goes on resonance can be identified by
observing variation of response amplitude of slab oscillation.
8. 𝒙𝟏 plot 𝒙𝟏 , 𝒙𝟐 , 𝒙𝟑 vs 𝑭
9. From plot in previous steps is estimated model damping either by half
power band with method or by relating peak amplitude.
10.Using relation 𝑪 = [∅𝑻 ] 𝟏 [𝑫][∅]
Where [D] is diagonal matrix with entry in 𝒏𝒕𝒉 row being∑ 𝒏𝝎𝝎𝒏 . It can
be shown that
[∅𝑻 ] 𝟏 = 𝑴∅[𝑫]