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Chapter Eight
Transmission Line parameters
Resistance, Inductance , Capacitance
Resistance :-
The resistance of a solid round conductor at specified temperature is
given by :-
(36)
Inductance (L)
Any conductor carrying a current will be surrounded by a magnetic field
change with the change of the current.
Where is the magnetic linkage flux and this will be change as the
changing of the current ( and this lead to make the permeability
constant for all flux level as in the air.
Henery (H)
(1)
1- Internal flux
This will be as a concentric circles inside the conductor and caused by
the current that flow in the same conductor.
2- External flux
This will be as a concentric circles outside or around the conductor and
caused by the same current .
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H/m
D
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H/m where
(3)
And in the same manner
H/m where
(4)
And if
(5)
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(6)
Where
is the Total linkage flux in the conductor 1
is the Total linkage flux in the conductor 2
is the self inductance due to
is the Mutual inductance due to
is the mutual inductance due to
is the self inductance due to
Since
(7)
} Self inductance
} Mutual inductance
(8)
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(9)
(10)
(11)
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+1n
(12) (12)
+1n
As so on
Since all the sub conductor of conductor A are electrically parallel, so that
the inductance o A will be
(13)
(13)
(14) (14)
…(
…(
(15) (15)
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Where
So1)
d
6 m
b e
6 m
c
Group Group
A B
Where
=0.4 m
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(16)
D
From eq. (11). The Total flux linkage of phase a is
(17) (17)
Since
H/m
(18) (18)
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b) A symmetrical spacing :-
with a symmetrical spacing even with balance currents, the voltage drop
due to line inductance with be unbalanced, because the inductance of each
phase will be not equal. Consider one meter length of of line with
three conductor each of radius r as shown in the fig. below .
The application of eq. (11)
3
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120 120
120
(18)
*Transpose System :-
One way to solve the problem of a symmetrical spacing and the different
inductance for each phase is :-
Transpose system which it is :-
Interchanging the phase configuration every one – third the length so that
each conductor is moved to occupy the next physical in regular sequence.
And by this method the inductance for each phase will be equal.
Such a transposition arrangement is shown in the Fig. below :-
a
a c b
b
a c
3 2
c b a
-1- -2- -3-
First Second third
Transpose Transpose Transpose
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1
1
2
3
3 2
Since in a transposed line each phase take all three position. The
inductance per phase can be obtained by finding the average value of
eq. (18)
H/m
(19) (19)
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1
1
2
2
3
This is another way to solve the problem of transpose system. From eq.
(18)
( First transpose )
( second transpose )
(third transpose )
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(20) (20)
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*Bundle System :-
Bundle system or bundle conductor consists of a two, three, four sub
conductors symmetrically arranged in configuration as in the fig. below :-
d
d d d
d
d
-2- d
-1-
-3-
The geometric Mean Radius of each fig. is as below
Two sub
(conductor) =
And so on
(three-sub conductor)
Where
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In all cases
Where
OR in other meaning
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Ex3) line, each phase has two parallel conductor and the radius of
the conductor is 0.205 cm. If the distance between the different conductor
is as in the fig. below. Calculate the reactance in ( ohm ) per one km. if the
frequency is 50 HZ and the phases are transpose the location between its
at equal distance.
6.05 6.05
0.4 m 0.4 m
0.4 m
So1)
Transpose states
-1-
-2-
-3-
Not
2) The Distance of sub conductor for each phases for the three stages of
complete transpose are equally
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Also
3) for all cases of tanspose stages ( general form)
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Ex4) what is the bandle system, what is the advantage of it, show that
from the two fig. below by calculating the inductance per phase per km of
the line in each fig. below. Note that the diameter of the conductor is 5 cm
So1) a 4m b 4m c
Fig
-1-
From the Fig. (1)
Fig
-2-
0.6m 4m 0.6m 4m 0.6m
Capacitance :-
V/M
(21)
(22)
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f/m
(23)
Since
v/m
(23)
f/m
(24)
f/m
(25)
MF/KM
(26)
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*Capacitance of lines :-
After take the complete transpose
Of this fig. and make a dative for
The capacitance
F/M
(27)
Mf/km
(28)
MF/KM
(29)
*The derive of
Consider one meter length of line with 3 conductors each of its has
a radius of r as shown in the fig. below
(30)
Where b
130
a
(31)
Mf/km
(32)
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earth
F/M
(33)
(34)
(35)
Also
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Ex5) transmission line of 10km , as shown in the fig. below. The radius
of each conductor is 0.885 cm and the phase are transpose at equal
distance also the resistivity of the line is (
Find the resistance, inductance, capacitance and the charging current of
the line . 5.4
Note that :
The voltage 3m
The line is 33kv
And the frequency
Is 50 Hz 3m
So1) 5.4 m
6.3m
Note that
In order to get GMR, as we say before there are two way to the solution :-
1)