kiwifruit apricot chestnut cherry strawberry minor almond apple

fruit species

AUGUST DELIGHT*

220 VIVAI F.LLI ZANZI

walnut pear peach bush and plum table
cane berries grapes

plum
I taly is not a prominent producer of plums, with slightly less than 200,000 metric tons annually,
which is about 6-7% of European production and under 2% of world production. In recent years the
European plum has continued to decrease in importance as Japanese plum has increased: the latter
now accounts for 75% of total plum production.
There are several reasons for weak growth in plum production in Italy: the presence of the Sharka
virus which has a serious impact on many cultivars, the high susceptibility of Californian varieties of
Japanese plum to bacterial diseases that are difficult to treat, and the lack of innovation in terms of
new varieties of European plum (the most commonly planted varieties are still Stanley and President).
One more than minor reason for the poor growth of plum cultivation is the low quality of fruit available
in the fresh market, which is more a problem related to incorrect harvest timing, too early, rather than
objective qualitative limits of the varieties.
The large size of most of the modern Japanese plums tends to encourage growers to harvest
according to fruit size rather than degree of ripeness, and fruit available to the consumer are often of
mediocre, if not downright unpleasant, flavour.

CLIMATE range, from cold temperate ar- SOIL

European plums (Prunus do-
mestica) are botanically quite
different than Japanese plums
(Prunus salicina) and they re-
spond differently to the weather.
European plum has a wider
eas (Sweden, Norway) to warm
temperate areas (southern Eu-
rope, northern Africa). Japanese
plum prefers the Mediterranean
climate and is cultivated in a
more limited area in northern Italy
(the plains of the Po Valley).
All soil types are suitable for plum,
which unlike other stone fruits,
thrives in wet clay soils when
grafted on European plum and in
wet soils of medium texture when
grafted on Myrobalan plum.

Rootstocks used for plum

rootstock origin vigour soil advantages disadvantages
induced suitability
seedling Myrobalan seedling of P. cerasifera high all soil types good affinity, heterogeneity,
vigour suckering
Myrobalan 29C clonal selection high all soil types good affinity, suckering
of P. cerasifera and replantings low vigour
Ishtara® Ferciana* complex interspecific medium-low moist fertile soils earliness of bearing, active lime
hybrid large fruit size,
good fruit color
Adesoto® 101 Puebla* selection of P. insititia medium replantings tolerates A. mellea low vigour
in first years
GF677 P. persica*P. amygdalus high replantings, high vigour,
all soil types consistent production
Montclar® Chanturgue* seedling peach high poor soils good affinity, vigour only for varieties
with medium-low
vigour

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 kiwifruit apricot chestnut
Plum can be grafted on peach
and peach-almond hybrids and,
in this case, can be planted in
looser soil types, thus improv-
ing fruit size and precocity of
bearing.
ROOTSTOCKS
The increase in available cul-
tivars of European and espe-
cially Japanese plum, requires
an adjustment in the availability
of rootstocks, which must be
graft-compatible, be suited for
diverse soil conditions, encour-
age early bearing, promote high
and consistent yield and good
organoleptic characteristics,
and be resistant to or tolerant
of soil parasites, as well as vi-
ruses, bacteria and phytoplas-
ma.
ANGELENO® Suplumsix* high-density, second growing season
222 VIVAI F.LLI ZANZI
cherry strawberry
Today, standard rootstocks in-
clude seedling or clonal (29C)
Myrobalan, well-known and
common in all areas for its high
vigour, good graft compat-
ibility, suitability for diverse soil
types; a defect of both seedling
and clonal Myrobalan is that
they can produce root suckers
throughout the growing sea-
son.
New rootstocks of interest in-
clude the interspecific hybrid
Ishtara® Ferciana* and the
Spanish rootstock Adesoto®
101 Puebla*. The former is of
interest for its ability to reduce
tree vigour, so it may be used
for high density orchards, in
addition to encouraging early
bearing, early ripening and
good fruit colour; it should be
planted in moist and fertile soils
without high active lime. Ade-
minor almond apple
fruit species
soto® 101 Puebla de Soto* is a
good alternative for soils which
have previously supported or-
chards (tolerates Armillaria mel-
lea); medium vigour and slightly
earlier ripening than Myrobalan
29C are positive features; it
should be carefully tended after
planting to encourage plant vig-
our (thorough soil preparation,
adequate water and nutrients).
The possibility of grafting plum
onto GF677 should be empha-
sized. It is suitable for all soil
types, and promotes high vigour
and early bearing; fruit ripens
slightly later than trees with My-
robalan rootstock. Recommend-
ed for replantings.
In suitable soils Montclar® Chan-
turgue* can be used, a seedling
peach that induces high vigour
and consistent high productivity
across years; good graft affinity.
walnut pear peach bush and
cane berries plum table
grapes plum
TRAINING Among the modern vase forms The spindle is a “wall” system,
SYSTEMS the delayed vase, or the delayed suitable for high density orchards
open center vase, is the best in and for fertile soils. It requires
Plum can be grown with the tra- terms of quickly reaching produc- poles for holding supporting
ditional open canopy structure tion and reducing hand labour. wires and fertigation lines. The
or trained to wall systems; the The nursery stock, if well-lignified tree structure consists of a ba-
plasticity of this species allows and possessing abundant veg- sal tier of 4-5 scaffolds at 50-60
varied training systems, among etative buds, is left intact. If not, cm above the ground. Above this
the most common of which (cur- it is cut back to 10-15cm above the central axis bears smaller
rently used and potentially) are the graft union and a single shoot branches evenly dispersed for
the vase and the spindle, and for is selected from the consequent good light penetration. For the
high density orchards, the super regrowth. The tree is left to grow initial tree training, much is similar
spindle, and also the palmette without interference (except for to the vase, as described above:
and Y. keeping the lowest 50 cm of the pruning leaving the tip intact. The
The spindle and the forms suit- trunk clear of growth) until the quality of the nursery stock is of
ed for high density orchards are harvest of the third leaf. After har- key importance, ideally strong
best used in fertile foothills or vest, the central axis is removed trees with plenty of lateral branch-
plains, with higher likelihood of to obtain a vase of 4-5 branches. es. If only weaker material is
late spring cold, while the vase This technique is perfectly suited available, all lateral branches are
is preferable in hillier areas where to peach, but in plum must be cut back to 2-3 buds, leaving the
mechanical orchard manage- used only for cultivars with early main tip intact. In the first years,
ment is challenging. In all train- fruiting and moderate vigour. the growth of the main axis and
ing systems, in order to quickly If trees are very vigorous the re- the basal scaffolds are encour-
reach full production, it is recom- moval of the axis can be done a aged with summer pruning; ex-
mended to prune “a tutta cima”, year earlier, to avoid excessive cessively vigorous branches that
meaning that the top of the tree shading of the productive wood are too upright are removed and
is left intact, with green pruning on the main branches. The de- well-placed ones are headed to
used to encourage the forma- velopment of the main branches stimulate the growth of branches
tion of branches which will be is favoured with green pruning, to keep vegetation near the trunk
the main branches of the mature the first pass in mid-May, to re- and basal scaffolds. At the end
tree. Quality of nursery stock is move branches in competition of the first year dormant pruning
very important. It must be strong with the main tip (watersprouts thins fruiting wood, leaving well-
and have lateral branches be- or double tips). At the end of spaced branches along the main
tween 50 – 100 cm above the the summer, renewal cuts and axis. On the smaller branches
ground, with a well-developed branch opening cuts can be cuts are made to favour opening
root system. If this is not possi- made, leaving for dormant prun- up of the canopy, and branches
ble, or the orchard is to be plant- ing only the thinning of fruiting that are too upright or too pendu-
ed in infertile hilly soils without wood (mixed branches and any lous (shaded) are removed.
irrigation water, it is preferable to spurs). Alternatively, branches
head the young trees at 60-70 can be opened to the desired The super spindle is suited to
cm height or to cut back all side 45° angle the traditional way, us- modern high density orchards,
branches to 2 or 3 buds. ing spacers and braces. ideal in fertile areas with higher
likelihood of late spring cold. As
with the slender spindle, posts
and wires are needed for struc-
tural support, and fertigation
lines for delivery of water and
nutrients. This training system is
appropriate for medium-low vig-
our rootstocks that limit the bulk
Training systems and tree density of the tree and allow better light
system tree spacing (m) trees/ha penetration in the lower canopy
vase 5-5,5 * 3-4 450-660 (Ishtara® Ferciana*, Adesoto®
slender spindle 4-4,5 * 1,5 1660-2500 101 Puebla*); which also tend to
super spindle 4-4,5 * 1-1,2 1850-2500 encourage earlier bearing. The
trellised-Y 5 * 1,5 1330 tree’s skeleton is composed of

VIVAI F.LLI ZANZI 223

 kiwifruit apricot chestnut cherry strawberry minor almond apple
fruit species

Harvest calendar for plums

Japanese plum varieties June July August September
days relative to Shiro (July 5th-15th)

-20 EARLYQUEEN*
-15 BLACK SPLENDOR
-8 GAIA*
0 SHIRO
+7 HIROMI RED*
+9 DARK SUNLIGHT®
+10 BLACK AMBER
+10 OWEN T
+13 EARLY FORTUNE®
+15 CRIMSON GLO*
+15 DARK SUNSHINE®
+18 GOLDEN PLUMZA*
+20 GOLDEN GLOBE® Zairobe*
+20 FORTUNE
+30 GREEN SUN*
+35 TC SUN*
+35 JOANNA RED*
+36 TRACY SUN*
+45 FREEDOM
+45 RUBY CRUNCH®
+55 ANGELENO® Suplumsix*
+60 OCTOBER SUN*

Varietà europeee
giorni rispetto a STANLEY
(25-30 agosto)
-15 BLUE MOON*
-10 AUGUST DELIGHT*
-7 FRENCH PRUNE
0 SUGAR TOP®
0 STANLEY
0 D’ENTE 707
+5 GROSSA DI FELISIO
+9 PRESIDENT

the trunk, which supports many
small branches that bear the
fruiting wood. Fruiting wood may
also be directly attached to the
trunk, especially higher in the
canopy. Establishing the super
spindle requires pre-formed nurs-
ery stock with lateral branches
well-spaced along the main axis
starting at 60-80 cm above the
ground. The trees are allowed to
grow freely, thinning any excess
fruiting wood. If weaker stock
is planted, all lateral branches
should be pruned to 2-3 buds,
but the terminal shoot is left in-
tact. It is not headed at 70-80
cm above ground because this
would stimulate the growth of
excessively vigorous shoots not
suitable to the training system.
In order to keep fruiting wood
near the central axis, cultivars
that don’t produce many lateral
shoots may require the heading
of mixed branches (1-2 times,
from May to June) to favour
growth from more buds. If nurs-
ery stock is well-formed the tree
is nearly trained by the end of the
second year, when a renewal cut
is made on the tree tip to keep
the tree at the desired height.

224 VIVAI F.LLI ZANZI

walnut pear peach bush and
cane berries plum table
grapes plum
BLACK GLOW®

of interest for appearance and

post-harvest life of fruit (through
December 30th); should be planted
with pollinizers to encourage pro-
duction.

BLACK SPLENDOR
VARIETIES high vigour, self-incompatible (rec-
OF JAPANESE ommended pollinizer: Mirabolano
PLUM Rosso)
Productivity and bearing: consistent-
ANGELENO® Suplumsix* ly productive only in ideal conditions,
Ripening date: +55 Shiro slow to start bearing.
Origin: Sun World International, USA Fruit: large size, round, black skin,
Proprietor: Fruit Growing Equipment, waxy bloom; yellow flesh, firm, good
Italy. flavour.
Tree: standard growth habit, very Overall: late variety very much
BLACK AMBER
Ripening date: +10 Shiro
Origin: USDA, California, USA.
Tree: upright growth, medium vig-
our; self-incompatible (recommend-
ed pollinizers: Friar, Golden Plumza,
Mirabolano Rosso).
Productivity and bearing: highly pro-
ductive
Fruit: large size, round, black skin,
yellow flesh, firm, good flavour,
semi-freestone.
Overall: very productive variety
with large fruit and good flavour;
well-suited to the area of central-
southern Italy.

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 kiwifruit apricot chestnut cherry strawberry minor almond apple
fruit species

BLACK SUNRISE* fruit; easy field management, high

and consistent production.

DARK SUNSHINE®
Ripening date: +15 Shiro
Origin: CMVF-DCA Bologna, Italy
Proprietor: CMVF-DCA Bologna, Italia
Tree: vigorous, open growth habit,
self-incompatible (recommended
pollinizers: Shiro and Mirabolano
Rosso).
Productivity and bearing: early bear-
ing, highly productive
Fruit: brownish-purple skin, medium
size, oblate form, yellow flesh, melt-
ing flesh, sweet
Overall: interesting new cultivar,
well-suited to the plains of the Po
Valley, good quality

DARK SUNLIGHT®
Ripening date: +9 Shiro
Origin: CMVF-DCA Bologna, Italy
Proprietor: CMVF-DCA Bologna, Italy
Tree: standard-upright growth habit,
medium vigour; self-incompatible
(recommended pollinizer: Mirabolano
Rosso)
Productivity and bearing: early bear-
ing, medium-high yield, consistent
even in years with late spring cold
Fruit: large fruit (90-100 g), round,
slightly asymmetric; purple skin,
waxy bloom; yellow flesh, semi-free-
stone, medium firmness, good fla-
vour, aromatic.
Overall: tough and productive vari-
ety with large flavourful fruit.

BLACK SPLENDOR
Ripening date: -15 Shiro
Origin: ARS, California, USA
Proprietor: USDA, California, USA
Tree: standard growth habit, medium
vigour; self-incompatible with intense
bloom (recommended pollinizer:
Mirabolano Rosso)
Productivity and bearing: early bear-
ing, high and consistent yield.
Fruit: large size, round, dark skin,
red flesh, very firm, excellent sweet
flavour.
Overall: early variet y with low
chilling requirement (200 hours)
with large attractive flavourful CRIMSON GLO*

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walnut pear peach bush and
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grapes plum
CRIMSON GLO*
Ripening date: +15 Shiro
T.C. SUN*
Origin: Zaiger, USA
Proprietor: IPS, France
Tree: upright growth habit, high vig-
our; self-incompatible (recommend-
ed pollinizer: Fortune, Mirabolano
Rosso)
Productivity and bearing: medium-
early bearing, high and consistent
yield
Fruit: medium-large, round, black
skin with visible lenticels, red flesh,
very firm, excellent flavour.
Overall: variety with high qual-
ity fruit, medium-firm flesh allows
long storage; consistently high pro-
ductivity.

HIROMI RED*

EARLY FORTUNE ® patibile (recommended pollinator:

Ripening date: +13 Shiro
Origin: Az. Agr. Martelli, ITALY
Proprietor: Vivai F.lli Zanzi, Taroni
Vivai, Vivai Battistini Giuseppe - Italy
Tree: intermediate growth habit,
medium-low vigour; self-incom-
Mirabolano Rosso)
Productivity and Fruiting: medium-ear-
ly bearing, medium-high productivity
Fruit: large size, spherical, red skin,
intense yellow flesh with good fla-
vour, semi-freestone.

VIVAI F.LLI ZANZI 227

 kiwifruit apricot chestnut cherry strawberry minor almond apple
fruit species

Overall: extremely productive vari-
ety with very large fruit. In humid
areas the leaves are susceptible to
bacterial diseases.
EARLIQUEEN*
Ripening date: -20 Shiro
Origin: Zaiger, USA
Proprietor: IPS, France
Tree: upright growth habit, medi-
um vigour, low chilling require-
ment (400-500 hours); very early
intense bloom, self-incompatible
(recommended pollinizer: selec-
tion of Myrobalan – Mirabolano
Rosso)
Productivity and bearing: early bear-
ing, high and consistent yield
Fruit: large size considering earli-
ness, round, purple skin, light yellow
flesh, very firm, good flavour, semi-
freestone.
Overall: very early variety with
large attractive flavourful fruit.
FORTUNE
Ripening date: +20 Shiro
Origin: USDA, Fresno, California,
USA
Tree: tendentially open growth habit,
medium vigour, self-incompatible
(recommended pollinizers: Friar,
Laroda, Mirabolano Rosso).
Productivity: and bearing: very pro-
ductive
Fruit: large size, bright red skin with
yellow tones; yellow flesh, freestone,
medium firmness, average flavour.
Overall: productive variety with
large attractive fruit; reaches its
full potential in southern Italy.
GAIA*
Ripening date: -8 Shiro
Origin: Az. Agr. Martelli, Italy.
Proprietor: Az. Agr. Martelli, Italy.
Tree: upright growth habit, medi-
um vigour; self-incompatible (rec-
ommended pollinizer: Mirabolano
Rosso)
Productivity and bearing: medium-
early bearing, medium-high consist-
ent yield.
Fruit: medium, round, reddish-purple
skin, intense yellow flesh; firm, good
flavour, semi-freestone.
Overall: early variety, flavourful
and attractive fruit.
GOLDEN GLOBE® Zairobe*
Ripening date: +20 Shiro
Origin: Zaiger, USA
Proprietor: IPS, France
Tree: upright growth habit, high vig-
our, self-incompatible (recommended
pollinizer: Mirabolano Rosso).
Productivity and bearing: high and
consistent production.
Fruit: large, round; skin completely
yellow; yellow flesh, very firm, juicy,
aromatic, good flavour.
Overall: productive variety with
large attractive fruit; fruit size is uni-
EARLIQUEEN*
form throughout the canopy and fruit
store well for long periods (up to 30
days) while maintaining quality
GOLDEN PLUMZA*
Ripening date: +18 Shiro
Origin: Vivai F.lli Zanzi, Italy
Proprietor: Vivai F.lli Zanzi, Italy
Tree: upright growth habit, high vig-
our, self-incompatible (recommended
pollinizer: Mirabolano Rosso).
Productivity and bearing: very pro-
ductive
Fruit: round-oval shape, yellow skin
and flesh, large size, very good fla-
vour, aromatic
Overall: yellow plum of interest
for mid-season ripening and good
organoleptic characteristics.
GREEN SUN*
Ripening date: +30 Shiro
Origin: T. Chamberlin, USA
Proprietor: Fruit Growing Equipment,
Italy
Tree: open growth habit, good vig-
our, self-incompatible (recommended
pollinizers: TC Sun and Mirabolano
Rosso).
Productivity and bearing: high and
consistent yield.

FREEDOM (syn. LARRY ANNE)

Ripening date: +45 Shiro
Origin: USDA, California, USA
Tree: upright growth habit, medi-
um vigour, self-incompatible (rec-
ommended pollinizers: Angeleno,
Laroda, Songold)
Productivity and bearing: early bear-
ing, high yield.
Fruit: large size, round, blue-purple
skin yellow flavourful flesh, firm.
Overall: late variety with good
quality and yield; stores well.

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walnut pear peach bush and
cane berries plum table
grapes plum
GOLDEN PLUMZA*

Fruit: round, large; yellow skin and

flesh, firm, good flavour.
Overall: variety of much interest
for productivity and fruit quality

HIROMI RED*
Ripening date: +7 Shiro
Origin: Zaiger, USA
Proprietor: IPS, France
Tree: standard growth habit, good
vigour, self-incompatible (recom-
mended pollinizers: Joanna Red*
and Angeleno ® Suplumsix* and
Mirabolano Rosso)
Productivity and bearing: early bear-
er, high and consistent production
Fruit: large size, round-oblate form,
OCTOBER SUN*
yellow skin with dark red-purple
overtones on 80-90% of the surface;
light yellow flesh, firm, excellent fla- Origin: Zaiger, USA Fruit: large size, round-oblate, yel-
vour, clingstone. Proprietor: IPS, France low skin with bright red overtones on
Overall: attractive variety with Tree: semi-upright growth habit, 80-90% of the surface; yellow flesh,
good flavour; consistently produc- high vigour, self-incompatible (rec- very good, aromatic
tive in all areas. ommended pollinizers: Hiromi Red, Overall: mid-season variety, pro-
Songold). ductive, attractive fruit with sweet
JOANNA RED* Productivity and bearing: early bear- flavour (>13°Brix); flesh firmness
Ripening date: +35 Shiro er, high and consistent productivity. allows storage for long periods.

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 kiwifruit apricot chestnut cherry strawberry minor almond apple
fruit species

BLUE MOON*

OCTOBER SUN*
Ripening date: +60 Shiro
Origin: T. Chamberlin, California
Proprietor: Fruitgrowing Equipment,
Italy
Tr e e : open growth habit, high
vigour, self-incompatible (recom-
mended pollinizer: Tracy Sun),
medium-late bloom.
Productivity and bearing: very pro-
ductive.
Fruit: large, round-oblong, yellow-
pink skin that turns purple post- OWEN -T
harvest; juicy flesh with good fla-
vour.
Overall: variet y of interest for
fruit char ac teris tics and high Tree: standard growth habit, high Fruit: large, round-oblate, black skin,
yield in late season. Good storage vigour; self-sterile with intense light yellow flesh, very firm, excellent
(through December 30th). bloom, (recommended pollinizers: flavour.
Fortune, Black Amber, selection of Overall: early variety with large
OWEN-T Myrobalan – Mirabolano Rosso). attractive flavourful fruit ; easy
Ripening date: +10 Shiro Productivity and bearing: early bear- orchard management, high and
Origin: USDA, California, USA ing, high and consistent yield consistent yield

230 VIVAI F.LLI ZANZI

walnut pear peach
cane berries
RUBY CRUNCH®
RUBY CRUNCH®
Ripening date: +45 Shiro
Origin: Earl Les Hebrard, France
Proprietor: Pepinieres Grard
S.A.R.L., France
Tree: open growth habit, high vigour;
self-incompatible (recommended
pollinizer: Mirabolano Rosso in 1:5
ratio).
Productivity and bearing: high and
consistent yield.
Fruit: very large, round-heartshape,
red-purple skin, red flesh, very firm,
crisp, excellent sweet flavour (16°
Brix)
Overall: late variety, productive,
with excellent fruit quality; flesh
firmness allows extended storage
(through December 30th).
SHIRO
Ripening date: July 5th-15th in the
region of Emilia-Romagna, Italy.
Origin: L. Burbank, Russia.
Proprietor: none
Tree: open growth habit, high vig-
our; self-incompatible (recommend-
bush and
plum table
grapes
ed pollinizers: Sorriso di Primavera,
Mirabolano Rosso). Considered to
be a universal pollinizer.
Productivity and bearing: early bear-
ing, high and consistent yield.
Fruit: round, medium-large, intense
yellow skin, yellow flesh with medi-
um firmness and good flavour.
Overall: variety of interest for fruit
characteristics and ability to pollin-
ize many other cultivars. Desired by
the fresh market for good organo-
leptic characteristics of the fruit.
TC SUN*
Ripening date: +35 Shiro
Origin: T. Chamberlin, USA
Proprietor: Fruit Growing Equipment,
Italy
Tree: tends to upright growth, medi-
um vigour, partially self-fertile (rec-
ommended pollinizers: Tracy Sun,
Fortune, Green Sun).
Productivity and bearing: partially
self-fertile, high yield
Fruit: large size, yellow skin with
red pigment that increases post-
plum
harvest; yellow flesh, firm, excellent
flavour.
Overall: late variet y of inter-
est for high and consistent yield,
firm fruit that resist cracking and
have excellent flavour. Stores well
(through December 30th).
TRACY SUN*
Ripening date: +36 Shiro
Origin: T. Chamberlin, USA
Proprietor: Fruit Growing Equipment,
Italy
Tree: open growth habit, high vig-
our, self-incompatible (recommended
pollinizer: Mirabolano Rosso).
Productivity and bearing: very pro-
ductive.
Fruit: large, black skin, very firm yel-
low flesh, excellent flavour.
Overall: variety with attractive fla-
vourful fruit; high and consistent
yield.
VARIETIES OF
EUROPEAN PLUM
AUGUST DELIGHT*
Ripening date: -10 Stanley
Origin: Agri 2000, Italy
Proprietor: Agri 2000, Italy
Tree: open growth habit, medium-
high vigour
Productivit y and bearing : high
and consistent yield, tough cold-
resistant tree. Partially self-fertile,
benefits from pollen of any other
European variety (Stanley, President
and Grossa di Felisio). Considered a
universal pollinizer, as bloom period
is very long.
Fruit: large size (70-80 g), slightly
elliptical, light purple-blue skin, yel-
low flesh, very firm, excellent fla-
vour.
Overall: variety of interest for mat-
uration date, large fruit size and
excellent flavour; flesh firmness is
generally good. Tough and consist-
ently productive.
BLUE MOON*
Ripening date: -15 Stanley
Origin: Agri 2000, Italy
Proprietor: Agri 2000, Italy
VIVAI F.LLI ZANZI 231
 kiwifruit apricot chestnut
GROSSA DI FELISIO
Tree: open growth habit, medium
vigour.
Productivity and bearing: medium
consistent yield, self-incompatible
(recommended pollinizers August
Delight*, President and Grossa di
Felisio), early bloom.
Fruit: large size (70-80 g), slightly
elongated shape, purple-blue skin,
yellow flesh that becomes orange
at physiological ripeness, very firm,
excellent flavour.
Overall: Variet y of interest for
early ripening, large fruit size and
excellent flavour; flesh firmness is
generally good.
D’ENTE 707
Ripening date: with Stanley.
Origin: INRA selection of the local
232 VIVAI F.LLI ZANZI
cherry strawberry
variety Pruneau D’Ente
Proprietor: INRA, Bordeaux
Tree: open growth habit, high vigour,
partially self-compatible (recommend-
ed pollinizers: President, Stanley).
Productivity and bearing: very pro-
ductive.
Fruit: medium size, oval form, red-
dish-purple skin, greenish-yellow
flesh, sweet, not very aromatic.
Overall: variety suited for drying,
with high yield and good flavour;
can be subject to pre-harvest drop.
FRENCH PRUNE
Ripening date: -7 Stanley.
Origin: selection of Pruneau D’Ente
Tree: open growth habit, medium-
high vigour, self-incompatible, ben-
efits from cross-pollination (Stanley).
minor almond apple
fruit species
Productivity and bearing: high and
consistent production.
Frui t : medium-small size, oval
shape, waxy bloom on purplish
skin, greenish-yellow flesh, firm,
good flavour.
Overall: this is the most com-
mon variety used for dr ying in
California, trees are susceptible
to Xanthomonas pruni and fruit are
resistant to brown rot.
GROSSA DI FELISIO
(synonym Empress)
Ripening date: +5 Stanley
Origin: unknown
Proprietor: none
Tree: standard growth habit, medium
vigour, self-incompatible (recom-
mended pollinizers: President, Sugar).
 walnut pear peach bush and
cane berries plum table
grapes plum
Productivity and bearing: medium Fruit: large size, elliptical shape, dark purple skin, waxy bloom; aver-
yield. dark purple skin, waxy bloom, yellow age flavour.
Fruit: large size, oblong shape, pur- flesh, average flavour, very firm. Overall: standard variety, very pro-
ple skin, waxy bloom, average fla- Overall: of interest for yield and ductive and suited for drying.
vour. fruit size, fruit withstands handling
Overall: variety of interest for pro- and transport well. SUGAR TOP®
ductivity and fruit size. Ripening date: with Stanley
STANLEY Origin: University of Bologna, Italy.
PRESIDENT Ripening date: August 20th – 30th in Proprietor: CRPV, Italy.
Ripening date: +9 Stanley Emilia-Romagna, Italy. Tree: upright growth habit, medium-
Origin: Thomas, England Origin: New York University, New high vigour, self-fertile.
Proprietor: none York (USA). Productivity and bearing: high and
Tree: upright growth habit, high Proprietor: none consistent production, early bearing.
vigour, self-incompatible (rec- Tree: Standard growth habit, medium Fruit: medium size, elliptical shape,
ommended pollinizers: Stanley, vigour, self-fertile. purple skin, orange flesh, firm, very
Empress). Productivity and bearing: high and good flavour.
Productivity and bearing: high and consistent yield. Overall: variety of interest for high
consistent production. Fruit: medium size, elongated shape, yield after drying.

Nutritional measures to improve the production

of Stone Fruits (peach, plum, apricot)

Pink shoot tips Flowering Full bloom Petals fall Fruit growth Turning point Maturation

soil application

FUNGICROPS 4 l/ha
Cleans the lymphatic vessels and increases the radical absorption.

40 l/ha 40 l/ha
IDROL-VEG Stimulates vegetative development and improves the Iron Stimulates the fruits growth making them larger and uniform
absorption

EVOL 30 l/ha per 1-2 times for the fruit enlargement. Improves the
preservation and the shelf-life

foliar application

3 kg/ha Biostimulant, enhances the vegetation growth. 3 kg/ha

LEVO-ENERGY Prevents and cares from frost and spring stress Improves the fruit development and the resistance to high
  temperatures. It increases the brix degree

ENERFOL 3 kg/ha
8-10-45 Improves the fruit quality and colour

IDROL-VEG 3 l/ha
Improves the absorption and the effectiveness of pesticide treatments (acid pH)

EVOL 5 l/ha by 3-6 times for the fruit enlargement. Improves the preservation
and the shelf-life. Reduces the fruit weight loss

For further information please contact our Technical Department

L.E.A Srl Tel.+39 059 86.38.811 Fax +39 059 86.38.017 Email: info@leaagricoltura.it Web site: www.leaagricoltura.it

VIVAI F.LLI ZANZI 233

 kiwifruit apricot chestnut cherry strawberry minor almond apple
fruit species

Pest and disease management for Plum

DISEASE / PEST Commercial Product Name Active Ingredient Dose Notes
30-50 g/tree for prevention
PREVENTION AND CHELATED IRON EDDHA 6,2% 60-150 g/tree for treatment
END OF DORMANCY

TREATMENT OF FERRIC
THROUGH WHITE

CHLOROSIS CHELATED IRON EDDHA 5,5% 40-80 g/tree for prevention

80-200 g/tree for treatment
BUTTON

BACTERIAL SPOT
(Xanthomonas COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 32% 600-700 g/hl
campestris pv.pruni)
SAN JOSÉ SCALE
(Comstockaspis perniciosa) 8-17 kg in 92-83 liters of
WHITE PEACH SCALE CALCIUM POLYSULFIDE CALCIUM POLYSULFIDE 30% water
(Pseudaulacaspis pentagona)

Commercial Product Name Active Ingredient Dose Notes

DIQUAT 17% 3,3 - 5 l/ha

WEEDS (BROAD-LEAVED
AND GRASSY ANNUALS AND Dosage depends both on sensitivity of
PERENNIALS) GLYPHOSATE 27,9% 1,5-8 l/ha the weed species and on the type of
equipment used

FLUAZIFOP-P-BUTILE 13,4% 0,75-2 l/ha

DISEASE / PEST Commercial Product Name Active Ingredient Dose Notes

BROWN ROT OF FLOWERS CYPRODINIL 37,5%+FLUDIOXONIL 25% 30 g/hl
BLOOM THROUGH

AND BRANCHLETS
PETAL FALL

(Monilia laxa) CYPRODINIL 50% 30 g/hl

POWDERY MILDEW SULFUR 80% 200-300 g/hl
(Sphaerotheca pannosa)
THRIPS LAMBDA-CIALOTRINA 9,48% 15-20 ml/hl
(Trips major, Taeniothrips
meridionalis) LAMBDA-CIALOTRINA 1,47% 100-130 ml/hl

DISEASE / PEST Commercial Product Name Active Ingredient Dose Notes

SAWFLIES
GROWTH THROUGH

(Hoplocampa flava, KOHINOR 200 SL IMIDACLOPRID 17,1% 50 ml/hl

minuta, rutilicomis)
EARLY FRUIT

VERAISON

EMAMECTIN BENZOATE 0,95% 250-300 g/hl

PLUM FRUIT MOTH FOSMET 17,7% 250-300 ml/hl

(Cydia funebrana) CORAGEN CHLORANTRANILPROLE 18,4% 20 ml/hl
LASER SPINOSAD 44,2% 20-30 ml/hl

DISEASE / PEST Commercial Product Name Active Ingredient Dose Notes

MEDITERRANEAN LAMBDA-CIALOTRINA 9,48% 20-25 ml/hl
FRUIT FLY
(Ceratitis capitata) LAMBDA-CIALOTRINA 1,47% 130-170 ml/hl
PRE-HARVEST

GRAPE TORTRIX MOTH EMAMECTIN BENZOATE 0,95% 250-300 g/hl

(Argyrotaenia pulchellana)
B.THURINGENSIS KURSTAKI - HD1 6,4% 100 g/hl
PLUM FRUIT MOTH
(Cydia funebrana) CORAGEN CHLORANTRANILPROLE 18,4% 20 ml/hl
BROWN ROT OF FRUIT CYPRODINIL 37,5%+FLUDIOXONIL 25% 60 g/hl
(Monilia fructigena,
Monilia laxa) SIGNUM PYRACLOSTROBIN 6,7%+BOSCALID 26,7% 60-75 g/hl

Commercial Product Name Active Ingredient Dose Notes

DIQUAT 17% 3,3 - 5 l/ha

WEEDS (BROAD-LEAVED
AND GRASSY ANNUALS AND Dosage depends both on sensitivity of
PERENNIALS) GLYPHOSATE 27,9% 1,5-8 l/ha the weed species and on the type of
equipment used

FLUAZIFOP-P-BUTILE 13,4% 0,75-2 l/ha

DISEASE / PEST Commercial Product Name Active Ingredient Dose Notes

SHOTHOLE
LEAF (Corineum beijeinkii)
BACTERIAL CANKER COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 32% 600-700 g/hl
DROP (Xanthomonas
campestris pv.pruni)
PRODUCTS OF THE SYNGENTA GROUP ARE IDENTIFIED WITH THEIR RESPECTIVE LOGOS.
THE FOLLOWING TABLES INCLUDE CROP PROTECTION PRODUCTS AUTHORIZED IN ITALY AT THE DATE THIS DOCUMENT WAS CREATED.

234 VIVAI F.LLI ZANZI

 UNICAL_300©
multi-product electronic sorter designed to process
with highest precision delicate and small size fruits

A technology for small and large-scale productions

which pays for itself

“WE BUILD” INNOVATION!

to give RESULTS!

UNITEC S.p.A.
Via Provinciale Cotignola, 20/9
48022 - Lugo (RA) Italy
tel. +39 0545 288884
Email: unitec@unitec-group.com www.unitec-group.com