ON ROADAUTOMATICE-VEHICLE

WIRELESSCHARGINGSYSTEM
USINGSOLARENERGY
1
R,2SHOFIKA.
SUVETHA. S.S,3AMIRTHA.
B,4RITHANYA.
R,5P.
G.PADMAGOWRIM.
E,
12345
,BE-DEPARTMENTOFELECTRICALANDELECTRONICSENGINEERING
SCHOOLOFENGINEERING
12345
AVINASHILINGAM INSITITUTEFORHOMESCIENCEANDHIGHEREDUCATION FORWOMEN,
VARAPALAYAM,THADAGAM (PO),COIMBATORE-641 043
1
m,2s
3
s
uve
thar
avi
374@gmail
.co h
ofi
kas
elv
araj
@gmail
.cm,
o ami
rthabal
u28eee
@gmai
l.
com,
4 5
ri
than
ya.rav
iku
mar@gmail
.c
om, pgpg2005@g mail.
com

Abs tract— In du ct ivebas e dwi relessc har gi

ngi s project.Th es o l
arpan elsar eu sedt og e tt he
the e ffective wi re lessc har g i
n gt e chn i
quei n powe r s ource f orc hargi
ng o f E- Ve hicle
s.
which c urre nt i s t ran sferre d u sing Po l
ycrystall
ines o l
arpan e
lsar eu sedb ecau seit
elec
t r
omag netici n du ctionpr in ciple.Thewi reless isc ost-effecti
v ean dt hes ili
conwas tei sl ess
chargingf orE-v e hiclesi nt he dy nami cs tate wh enc o mpare d wi th mo noc r
ystall
ines ol
ar
usingi ndu cti
on c oi l
s ,ov e rcome st hepr oblems panels.So larpan elplay sani mportantr o lein
witht hequ otidianc on ve
n ti
on alt echn ologies.In offerin
ga wi derr an geo fe co -s
oluti
ons .Th i
s
thewi r
eles spowe rt ransfe rme thod,t hes olar innovati
vec on cept is al s
o an e ffect
ive an d
powe rf rom t he Phot o -Vol taic(PV) c el
li s creativ
eme tho dt hatwi l
lpr ovides ust
ai nab l
e,
transferredt ot hebat teryu s edi nt hee lec
t ri
c safe,n on-po l
lutingan dl owc ost.SinceIn diais
vehi
c l
e.Thes ol
arPV pan elsg enerat ee lec
t ri
c inthet ropicalr egi
on ,thisideac ouldbeu se dto
energybyu si
ngt hel ighte mit tedbyt hes un.The supplye l
ectricpo we racrosst hec o
untrye as il
y.
energyobt ainedi sf edt oabat tery,v iaas olar Thepo werg eneratedu singt hes ol
arpan e
l
chargec on tr
ol l
erwhi ch max imiz e
st he powe r ist r
an smittedt h r
ou ghwi rel
esspo we rtr an sf
er
outputf rom t hePVc e l
l.Thet ran smi tterc ir
cu i
t coil
s( inductionc oil
s)t ot hee l
ectri
cv ehi
c l
ei na
convertst heDCs uppl yobt aine df romt hes ource dynami cs tate .In ducti
o nc oil
s ar ee mb e dded
sidein t
oahi gh-f re que ncyACou tpu tbyt heu se insi
det her oad.Byu singt hi
st ypeo fchar gi
ng,
oft heinve rterc i
r cu it,whi chi st hent ran smitted ti
mec anb es avedwh enc ompar edwi thwi red
witht he he l
p of t ransmi ttingc oil,t ot he charging. Ch arg i
ng o f E- vehi
cles t h rough
receiv
e rc oili nt hel oad s idei nt hef orm of inducti
onc o i
lr esult
si nh i
ghe rreli
abil
ity,h i
gher
elec
t r
omag netic(EM)wav es.The nr ece i
vingc oi
l effi
ciency,an dc ompl e
teau tomationt echn iqu
e.
inther eceiverc ir cu i
tpl ac edi nsidet hee lec
t ri
c Sincet hec har gi
n gf i
eldi sless,i tallowso nl
y
vehi
c l
ean dbr idg er ectifi
e rc on vertst her eceived the E- v eh
iclest og etc harged an d av oi
ds
ACt oDCs upplyou tpu tforc har gingt hee lec
t ri
c chargingo fan yo therg adg etsinsidet heE-
vehi
c l
e. 
Wi reless Powe r Tr an sfe ru s edi n E- vehic
le.Th es upplyi stransferredt hroug
hanai r
vehi
c l
esc an r edu c ec har gingt ime ,r an gean d gap f romo nemag n et
icc oilplacedi nsidet he
costdu ri
n gwi rele ssc hargin gofE-v e hicles. roadt oan othe rmag neti
cc oilfixedatb ott omo f
Ke y
wo r
ds — El e ct romag netic Wav es, So lar thec ar.
 
pane l
,Wi relessc har g i
n g,E-Ve hicle.
II.PROPOSEDSYSTEM
I.INTRODUCTION   
   
    
  
  Sol
ar panel
s ar eu sedt og e
nerate
Chargi
ngme thodsar eoft wotypes
.Th ey el
e c
trici
ty.5to7s ol
arpan e
lmo du l
esareu se
d
are, wi r
ed c hargi
ng me tho
d an d wirel
ess ande achpanelgene
rates6V300mA.Th epo wer
chargin
gme thod.Inwi redchargi
ng,ther
ear e obtai
n edf r
om po l
ycryst
all
ineso larpan el
si s
seve
r alprobl
emsr elat
edt opo we
rl o
ssdu r
ing st
o redint h
eb at
tery.Wh entheb atter
yisf ul
ly
tr
an smiss
ion.He n
ce,ady n
amicmo dewirel
ess charged, the au
toc u
t-offwillau t
omatical
ly
chargin
go felect
ricv eh
icl
esi susedint his st
o pt hepowersupplyg i
ventoth eb att
eryand
theni ti sg ivent ot he as table mu ltiv
ibrator
circui
t wh ich g ene r
at es t he s qu ar e pu l
se
acco r
di ngt ot heo bt ainedv o l
tage .Th eo utpu tof
the as tab l
e mu lti
vibrat ori s g ive n t o t he
Dar li
ng tonpai rt rans i
s t
o r.Iti su se dbe causeo f
itsh ighe ffi
c i
ency ,h ighc urrentg ainan dal so
highi nputi mpe dan cewh enc ompar edt oas i
n gl
e
tran s
istor wh e re au tomat ics wit ch i
n gt akes
placei nwh i
chs quar epu l
sei sc onve rtedi ntoAC
wav eformu s i
ngTIP1 27G PNP t ran s i
s t
o ran d
TIP1 22GNPN t ran sistorbe caus ei ndu ctionc oi
l
wo rkso nlyinACs upply.
Wi relessi ndu ctionc oi
lc h ar gingwo rks
ont hepr incipleo fe l
ect romag netici n du c
tiont o
ach i
eveh ig
he ffi
cientdy nami cwi reles sc har gi
ng.
Th epo we rg enerat edt hr ought hes o larpan elsis Fi
g.1 Bl
ock di
agr
am o
f pr
opo
sed
storedan di tisg ivent ot h et r
an smi ttingpar tof s
yst
em
thei nduc t
ionc oilwh ichu sese lec tro magn eti
c
indu c
tionpr i
n ci
plemag n et
iz esth er e ce i
vingc oi
l
an di ti sg ivent ot he al ternativec urrenti n A.WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER
receivi
n gpar tf lowst hr oughi tt oac hieveh i
gh SYSTEM
effici
en twi relessc har ging.Th et ran smi ttingc oi
l
ismo untedi nt her oads urfacean dt h er eceivi
ng The e lect
ric
al e nergy i s al most
coilispl acedi nt heE-v eh i
cle’sbo t tom.Wh en transfe
rredt hrough wires.Iti sb ett
ert han
compar edt ot her e s
o nan tco i
l,th ei ndu ctionc oi
l convent
ional wi red s y
stem. Th i
s t echni
que
has h igh er e fficiency an d s ust ain able f or i
n vo
lveslowc ostmaintenance,z er
or echargi
ng
dyn amic wi reless c h arging. Har dwar e o f time,po l
luti
onf reeandu nl
imit
edr angepo wer
propo seds ys temi ss ho wni nf igure1 . canb ec ons
u medu nti
ltheb atteryisf ul
linE-
The pr opo seds ystem c ons istso f2 vehi
cle. Inductionc oi
li su se
df or wirel
ess
lanesi .e.,So l
arl anean dc hargingl an e.Wh en chargi
ngo fE- vehi
cles
.Th edistanceo fchargi
ng
theE-v eh i
cl
e sn eedt og ett hec har ge ,i tt r
av el
s vari
esac cordingtot hen umbero fturnsi nthe
thro u
ght hes epar atel an eal l
ocate df o rc harging. coil
.It c onsi
stso ff lat c o
ils withs ever
al
Du et ot hef ormat iono ft he mag n eti
cf ie
ld windings
.Th ediffer
enceb e
twe e
nt ransmitti
ng
betwe ent ran smitting an dr ec
e i
vingc o i
ls,t he andr ecei
vi
ngc oilexi
stsint hen umbero fturn
s.
wire l
essc har gingt ake s pl ace an d po we ri s Ast het ransmitti
ngc oi
lh avemo r
en umb erof
tran s
fe r
r edt ot heE-v e hicle.Th eTr an smit ti
ng windingsthant herecei
vingc oi
lt hro
u ghwh i
ch
coils ar e mo unted at t he di stan ceo f1 2c m highereffi
ciencyisobtainedu si
ngindu c
tioncoi
l
betwe en e ac h o ther t o at tain c ontinuous wirel
esst r
an sf
erinthedy namicstate.
effective c harging dy namically t hrough
Coil
s ar e pl
aced att ransmit
ting and
electromag ne ti
ci ndu ction.
recei
vinge nd.Th etransmitti
ngc oilisplacedi n
ther oadan dt her ecei
vi
ngc oilisplacedi nt he
III.
BLOCKDIAGRAM bottomo ftheE- vehi
cle.Wh il
et hetransmitting
andr ecei
vi
n gc oil
s areb roughti nt
oc ontact
The block di
agram o fsolar-powered el
e ct
romag neti
ci nducti
ont akespl acean dt he
ro
adswi th wirel
essc h
arg i
ngo fE- vehi
cle
si s powe ristransferre
dt ot hebatteryofE- vehi
c l
e.
showninfigu
r e1.Theblockdiagr
amc o ns
istsof Inductionc oi
lswo rki nACan dt heE- vehi
cles
PV panels, batt
eryc hargi
ngc i
rcui
t,i nvert
er battery wo rksin DC.So ,b ri
dger ectif
ieri s
ci
rcui
t,inducti
onc oi
l,bridgerecti
fie
ran dE- placedi nt heE- vehic
let oc onvertAlternating
ve
hicl
e. Cu r
renti nto DirectCu rrent.El e
ctri
call
ys af e
ands ecurec har
g i
ngi sc o
n v
enientinE- vehi
cles.
Theb l
ockdi agram o fwi re
lesspo wert ransfer
systemi sshowni nf i
gure2.
 C. STORAGEUNIT

Int rans mit

tingside,12Vl ead- acidbattery
of4. 5Ahc apacityisu s
edf orstoringg enerated
powe rs u pplyf rom t hes o l
ar pan el
. Li-ion
batteryo f1 2Van d1 .
5Ahc apacityi su se
di nE-
vehi
cle.Wh enb atteryisfull
yc harge d,autoc ut
offwi llau tomaticall
yc utth esuppl yf r
omt he
sol
ar pan el and wh en b atter
y i s g ett
ing
Fi
g.2Bl
ockdi
agr
amofwir
ele
sspo
wert
ran
sfe
r disc
h arged, au toc u
to f
f wi l
lt u rno ff an d
s
yst
em batteryg etsc harged automat i
cally.Th us,i t
inv
olvesf orc h
arging and di s
char gingo f E-
vehi
cles.Au t oc uto ffis ac hie
ve d wi t
ht he
TIP1 27PNP Dar l
ingtonpairt r
an sistor
.Wh en
B. SOLARPVPANEL
theb asei sf or
war db i
ased,t hec ur r
entk eeps
onf l
o wingt ot heb att
eryb utwh ent hebattery
isfull,theb aseo fTIP1 27PNPt ran s
istorgets
So l
ar energyi st her enewables ource reve
r sebias ed.So ,au t
oc uto f
ft ak esplacet o
throug h wh i
ch e l
ectri
ci
ty i s empl oyed f or avoi
do v
e rl oadingo fb attery an d damag es
providingpowe rtot heE-v e
h i
cl
es.So larpan el occursinb at te
ry.
consistso f60 c el
lsini t
,e achc ellgenerates
0.46V o f elec
tri
city totall
y i t g enerates
12.3Vo lt
.Inac ell
,5s ol
arpan elmo dulesar e
Int hes i
deso fther o
adLe adac idbatter
y
used an d e ach pan el g enerates 6Vo lt
i
su sed becausei th as mo res tabi
li
tyt o
300mi l
li
Ampe r
e.Th esizeofs ol
arpan elusedi s
wit
hs t
andth eheat,morer esi
stanttoc orro
sion,
8*5c m.Thepo werobtaine
df rompo lyc
rystall
ine
re
li
ab l
e, de li
ver
s h igh c urre
n t
, l ow i nput
solar pan el
si ss toredi nt heb atte
ry.Th e
i
mpe danc
ean dt ol
erancet oo verchargi
ng.The
proces su se
dt o make po l
ycrystall
ines il
ic
on
l
ithi
um ionb att
eryi su sedi nt he E- vehi
cl
e
pan e
li ss i
mplean dc os
te ffec
tiv
e.So larpan el
bec
au sei
th aslowmai ntenancean ditislighti
n
produ cespowerc onti
nuousl
ywh ichi sempl oy
ed
weig
h twhic
hr educesthewe ig
hto fth eE-vehi
cl
e.
forc hargi
ngE-v ehi
cl
est hr
oughoutt hedaywh e
n
So,t hemo tors i
zeal s
oc anb er educed wit
h
sunr ay sfal
lintot hePVpan el
.Mo dul
eo fPV
i
ncreaseins peed.He nce,t heo ve
rallcostf or
pan e
li sshowninf i
gure3.
manufact
uringtheE- ve
hicl
ei sreduced.

D.INVERTERCIRCUIT

Thepo werg ene

ratedf r
o mt hesolarpanelis
int heDC s upply.Bu tt hei nduct
ivewi re
less
chargi
ngwo r
ksi ntheACs uppl
yo nly.There
fore,
Inverterc i
rcui
ti su sedt ot ransformt heDC
supplyi nt heb atteryc hargi
ngu nitinto AC
supplyint hei nduct
ionc oil
s.In verte
rc irc
uit
consis
tso fthreee lementsn ame ly Darli
ngton
pairtran s
ist
orsTIP1 27G PNP an dTIP 1 22G
NPN, DC po wers o ur
cef r
om s o l
ar panel,
Square pu l
se wav ef
orm f ro
m As table
mu l
tiv
ibrator
.Wh e
nt he DC po wers o
urcei s
Fi
g.3PVpan
elmo
dul
e(8*5c
m)1
2.3V
gi
v e
n t o t he Darl
ing
ton pair trans
ist
ors
TIP127G an d TIP122G, thes quare pul
se
waveform produc
et ri
gger
ing pul
se andt he
transi
stor
s s wi
tch bet
ween ON an d OFF
conti
nuousl
y.Thus,theDC wav e
formc h
anges
in
t oAC wav e
for
mr equi
redforwirel
esspower
transf
er.

E. BRIDGERECTIFIER

Bridger e
cti
fie
rispl acedinE-vehicl
ean dit
i
su sedt oc onv
ertAC s u
pplyintoDC s uppl
y,
whichflowsino nedirecti
on.Bridger e
ctif
ieris
usedbecauseitgive
st wicetheou t
putc ompared
tootherrecti
fie
rs.Itc analsoproduceDCwi th
l
essr ipple
sc omparativel
y.Th i
sr e
ctif
ied DC
vol
tageiss to
redint h
eLi -ionbatter
ypl acedin
E-vehi
cles.

F.
DCGEAREDMOTOR

D.C.mo tors areu sedt oo perat

ei nt he
steadys t
at einas peedran gecl
o setothe irn o-
l
o ads pee
d.Th i
st ypeo fs peedisg ener
allyt oo Fi
g.4Fl
owc
har
t
highf ormo sto ft heapplicati
on s
.Ino rde rt o
reducet hi
ss peed,c omple t
er ang eofg ear ed V.HARDWARE
mo tor
sar eu sed,e achwi tha s e r
iesofg e ar
TheDC po wers upplyg ener
atedf rom
ratio
s.To gethert heycanbeu sedt oimple me nt
thes o
larpanelisg i
ventot helead-aci
db atte
ry
a wi de v arie
tyo ff u
nc ti
ons. Its pr incipal
throughautoc ut
- offwh i
chh el
psi npr o
tecti
ng
character
isticde f
inesitsabi l
it
yt owi th
st anda
the b atte
ry f rom o v
erlo
ading. Si nc
e t he
max i
mu mt orqueint hesteadys tate.
i
ndu ct
ioncoilwork sonl
yi nACs upply
,t heDC
IV.FLOW CHART supplyfromb atteryisi nv
ertedi nt
oAC u si
ng
astable mu l
ti
vibrator and Dar li
ngton pair
Thefl
owc h
artofthewi
rel
essc
harg
ingofE tr
an si
stor
s( PNP&NPN) .TheACs upplyfrom
-
veh
icl
esu
sin
gs ol
aren
ergyi
sshowninf
igur
e4. theinvert
erc i
rcui
ti sgiventot het r
ansmitti
ng
coi
l.Hardwaremo duleofwirele
ssc hargi
ngo fe-
ve
h i
clesusi
ngsolare ne
rgyiss h
owni nfigure5.

Wh e
nE- vehi
cl
ee ntersintothech argin
g
lane
,t heACs u
pplyfromt het ransmitt
ingc oil
whichi smo unt
edo nt h
el anei stransfe
r re
dt o
there c
eivercoi
lplacedatt heb ott
omo ft heE-
vehi
cleb ye l
ect
romagneti
ci n duct
ion princi
ple.
Theb atteryintheE- v
ehic
lewo r
ksinDCs uppl
y
so,th etransmit
tedACs upplyisrecti
fiedu sin
g
ab ridger ect
ifi
er.Ther ecti
fied DC s upplyi s
giv
ent ot heE- veh
icl
e’sb atterywh i
chismade
upo fLi -i
onan dt heE- v
e hi
clestartsch argin
g
dynamicall
y.
 Fi
g.6So
larpan
elc
irc
uit

Th ebatter
yc hargingc i
rcui
ti su s
edt o
storeenergyintolead-ac i
db atter
yo fc apaci
ty
12V and4. 5Ah .
Itc on
s i
s t
so fPNP t ransist
or
wh er
et hebaseo fthetransisto
risc onnectedto
battery
.Th ePNPt r
ansistorisinrev e
rseb i
ased
statewh i
challowstheb atter
yt oc harge
.Ift he
batteryge t
sf ul
lycharged,t het r
an si
storg e
ts
forwardb i
ased andt hec i
rcui
tg etsc ut-of
f
automatical
ly.
Batterych argi
ngc i
rcuitiss hown
i
nf igur
e7.

Fi
g.5Hardwar
emo du
leofwir
ele
sschar
gin
gof
E-veh
icl
esusi
ngso
larener
gy

VI.SOFTWARE

TheNIMULTISIM s o
ftwarei s
usedwh ichconsis
tso fi
n t
egratedi
mpo rtand Fi
g.7Bat
ter
ych
arg
ingc
irc
uit
exportfeatures.Wider angeofcompo n
ents
avail
ab l
e.Itisar ealwo rl
dt r
oubl
eshooti
ng
software.So f
twarec onsi
stsofsol
arpan el Astable mu lti
vi
brator i s u se d t o
ci
rcuit,batterychargi
ngc i
rcui
t,astabl
e gener
ate s quar
e wav e pu l
ses .
In As table
mu l
tiv
ibratorcir
cuit
,wi re
lesspowertransf
er multi
vi
bratorthecirc
u i
tisno tstableinbo tht he
th
r oughinducti
onc oi
l. st
ate.So ,i tc ont
inuousl
ys wit
ch e
sf romo ne
st
ate t o o thers tate. Bu ti n mo no stable
Thes o
larPVpan e
lrangesfrom0t o12 multi
vi
bratoro neoft hes tatesi ss t
able ,b ut
V.Inthes olarpanelc ir
cuitthePVv alueis th
eo thers t
atei su nstable
. So , As table
adjus
tedt oc ontro
lt hec urr
ent.
An8o hm multi
vi
brator is used. The
resi
storispl ace
di npar all
elino
rdertoc o
nt r
ol Astabl
e 
mu l
tivi
brat
or 
c i
rcu
ito sci
ll
atesb etwee na
thevol
taget oours peci
fiedvalues
.Th ediode “HIGH” s t
atean da“LOW” s tatepro ducing
IN4007i sc onnec
te dins eri
eswithPVc ellto aco n
tin
u o
us out
put.
As tabl
emu l
tiv
ibratorc i
rc u
it
stopreversev ol
tages.Solarpanelcir
cuiti
s i
ss howni nf i
gure8 an das tablemu l
tivi
b rator
showninf i
g ure6. out
putiss howninfigure9.
 Fi
g.8As
tab
lemu
lti
vi
brat
orc
irc
uit 1
2.83V +1
2.83Vt
o +1
0Vt
o-1
0V
-1
2.83V

9.
83V +9.
83Vt
o +7.
6Vt
o
-9.
83V -7.
6V

Fi
g.9As
tabl
emu
lti
vi
brat
oro
utpu
t

The wirel
es s powert ransfe
ri s done
usi
ngt hei nducti
onc oi
ls by itst ransmi
tti
ng
wavel
ength.
Iti ncl
ude sat ransmit
terc oi
landa
re
ceive
rc oi
l.Th etransmitt
e rcoi
lispo were
db y
AC currentt oc r
eat ea electr
omag neti
cfiel
d,
whichint u
rni nducesav ol
tageint h erec
eiv
er
coi
l.Theo utputoft her ec
e i
vercoilisrect
ifi
ed
fr
om AC t o DC c urr
entu si
ngt heb ri
dge
re
ctif
ier.
Wire l
ess po wer t ransfer t hr
ough Fi
g.1
1 Tr
ans
mit
tin
g c
oil o
utpu
t v
olt
age
i
nducti
onc oi
lsissho wninfigure10. wave
form

Fi
g.1
0Wi
rel
esspowertr
ansf
erth
rou
gh
i
nduct
ionco
ilso
utput

Fi
g.1
2Re
cei
vi
ngc
oilo
utpu
tvo
ltag
ewav
efo
rm
VI.RESULTANDDISCUSSION

Here,t heg raph is plotte

d be t
ween
fr
equency and v ol
tageo ft r
ansmitt
ing an
d VII.CONCLUSION
re
ceivi
ngcoil
swi ththewi rele
s sdynamicpower
tr
an s
fero fi nduc
tionc o
il. Tran
smitti
ngc o
il Sol
ar -powered panel
s wi t
h wi rel
ess
out
pu tvol
tagewav efo
r mi ss howninf i
gure11 chargi
ngo fE- vehi
cle
sar eint
egrate
dwi ths o
lar
andtherecei
vin
gc oi
lou tputvolt
agewav ef
ormis panelsandi nducti
onc oi
ls.Thesystem pr
o v
ides
showninfi
g u
re1 2. mo n
itori
ngo fpo wergene
ratedan duser
-fri
endly
wirel
ess c harging techni
que. The pr oposed
Bat
ter
y Tr
ansmi
tti
ng Re
cei
vi
ngc
oil system pro
videspo wersupplyfr
o mc o
nventi
onal
co
il sources( sol
ar po wer)i su se
df or dynamic
wirel
esscharging.
 Jo
urnalofPh
oto
vol
tai
cs,Vo
lume
:8,
 
Iss
ue:4,
Ju
ly2018.
REFERENCE

[1]MdWaz edurRah man ,MdSu l

tanMah mu d, [6] Mo ni
ka B. Dh oke
, Pr ati
k Gh ut
ke
RahateAh med,Md Sy durRah man,an d Md “Innovative of Powe rg ene
ration wit
h PV
Zannat
ulAr if
,“So
  l
arl anesan dfloat
ings ol
ar te
chnology on Sol ar Roadway s ”, IJIRST
PV:Ne w possi
bil
it
iesf ort hesourceofene r
g y –Int
e r
n ati
onalJour
n alforInnovativ
eResear
ch
gene
rati
on i n Ban glade sh”, IEEE pape r i
n Scien c
e & Technolog
y,Vo lume :
4,Issue:
3,
pre
sente
di n 
Inno
vatio
n sinPo we
ran dAdvan c
e d August201 8.
Computi
ngTe c
hnolo
gies(i -PACT),2017.
[7]We iQi ao,AnujSh arm,Je rryL.Hudgins
,
[2] Gay atri Nan da, Ri t esh Das h, Sar at El
izabeth G.Jones, Laurence Ri
let
t
ChandraSwai n,Raj eshKu mar“ACo mparative “Wi n
d/s olarhybr
idg en
e r
ation-basedroadway
StudyonDi ffere
ntTy pesofPV Modu l
e san d mic
rog r
ids”,IEEE Po we ran dEn erg
ySo c
iet
y
Thei
r Opt i
mization f or In creasing t he GeneralMe eti
ng,2018.
Effi
cienc
y”,Pu bli
sh edi nSe condIn ter
nat i
onal
Confere
nceo n Co mpu tational In tell
ige
n ce& [8]AdithyaShekh
ar,Vino
dKu marKu mar
avel
,
Commu ni
cat i
onTe c
h n ol
o gy( CICT),201 7. StanKle
rks“A b ri
efover
vie
w ons ol
arroads
[3] R. An andhi
, M. Sh r
ee nsit
har a, B.Ramy a andit
snecess
ity
”,In di
anJ.Sci
.Re
s.17(2):
381
Devi,A.Kr i
shnaveni,D. Sell
at hamb i“De signof -387,2018.
wir
e l
ess powe rt r an s
f erc harges tati
on f or
el
ectri
c v ehic
le”, In ternational Re search [9] Zh en Zhang, Hongl
ian
g, Aposto
los
JournalofEn gin
eer i
n gan dTe chn
olo g
y(IRJET) , Georgi
adis
, Carlocec
ati “Wirel
ess Power
Vol
u me: 04, Is sue : 03, Av ail
able Transf
er—An Ov e
rvi
ew”, IEEE j o
urnal
,
at 
www. i
rjet.
net,201 7. Volu
me :
66,Iss
ue:2,2018.

[4] Dr .An tons Pat l

ins, Dr .
An dri
iHnat ov, [10]MdSu zanMi ah,PrasadJayat hu
rathn
ag e
,
Dr.Shchas i
an aArh um, an d Cl
e me ns Ichel
n, Kat suy
uki Han eda, Sergei
Dr.Oleksan drDz i
ubenko,“De terminati
onoft he Tr
e tyakov “Hi gh-Effi
ci
ency Wi r
eless Powe r
bestloadpar ame ter
sf orpr oducti
v eoper ati
on Tr
an sfer Sy st
em f or Caps ul
e En dosc
ope”,
ofPVpan e l
sofs eri
esFS-1 00M &FS-1 10Pf or publi
s h
edinIEEEj ourn
al,2019.
sustai
nable energy-eff
ici
ent road [11] Ki sho
re Nai k Mu de“Battery Charging
pavement”,  
IEEE pape r pr ese n
ted in Me thodForEl ect
ricVehicl
es:From Wi r
edTo
Intern
atio nalSc ie
n t
ifi
c Co nfer
enceo n Po we r On-Road Wi re
less Chargi
ng”,Chi
nese Journal
and Elec tricalEn g i
neeri
n go f Riga Te chnical of El e
ctri
cal En gine
ering
,Vol
.4, No .
4,
Univer
sity( RTUCON),201 8. Dece mber2018.
[5]Adi th yaSh ekhar,Vin o
dKu marKu mar avel,
StanKl erks ,St e
ndeWi t
,Pr asanthVe nugo pal, [12]HeikeBart
h,Mar coJu n
g,Mar tinBraun,
NishantNar ayan,Pav olBau e
r,Ol i
n doIsab el
la, Benedi
ktSchmü
lli
ng, Ul r
ich Re ke
r“Concept
and Mi ro Ze man ,“Har
  v
e st
ingr oadway s olar Eval
uati
on OfAn In duct
ive Char
ging Sy
s t
em
energy
- Pe r
forman ce of t he i nstall
e d ForElectri
cVehic
les
”,Researchgate,October
in
frastructu reintegratedPVbi kepat h”,  
IEEE 2.