Aristotle (Greek) (384 BC � 322 BC) was a Greek philosopher, a student of Plato and

teacher of Alexander the Great. He wrote on many different subjects, including

physics, metaphysics, poetry, theater, music, logic, rhetoric, politics,
government, ethics, biology and zoology.

1 ..... Aristotle is often regarded as the father of psychology, and his book, De
Anima (On the Soul), the first book on psychology. He was concerned with the
connection between the psychological processes and the underlying physiological
phenomenon. Many believe he contributed more to prescience psychology than any
other person, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Although Aristotle attended
Plato's Academy, he became convinced of the need for empirical observations and
criticized many of Plato's philosophies. Plato and Aristotle "represent a basic
divergence in the way man and the world may be viewed, a modern parallel being the
difference between the clinical and the experimental psychologist.

2... Aristotle puts forward original interpretation of the relationship between

soul and body which is in sharp contrast with Plato�s dualistic view. He defines
the soul as the first actuality of a natural body which potentiality has life: a
claim which applies to plants, animals and humans alike. Dualism of matter and
form, a commitment shared with Plato that entities are identified by their form
but, unlike Plato, did not accept a separate real of Ideas or Forms.

3... Aristotle described the psyche as a substance able to receive knowledge.

Knowledge is obtained through the psyche's capability of intelligence, although the
five senses are also necessary to obtain knowledge. Sensitivity is stimulated by
phenomenon in the environment, and memory is the persistence of sense impressions.
He maintained that mental activities were primarily biological, and that the psyche
was the "form" part of intellect. Aristotle insisted that the body and the psyche
form a unity. This idea is known as hylomorphic.

4... Aristotle believed that thinking requires the use of images. While some
animals can imagine, only man thinks. Knowing (nous) differs from thinking in that
it is an active, creative process leading to the recognition of universals; it is
akin to intuition, it does not cause movement, and it is independent of the other
functions of the psyche.

5...
According to Aristotle, memory is the ability to hold a perceived experience in
your mind and to have the ability to distinguish between the internal "appearance"
and an occurrence in the past.[56] In other words, a memory is a mental picture
(phantasm) in which Aristotle defines in De Anima, as an appearance which is
imprinted on the part of the body that forms a memory. Aristotle believed an
"imprint" becomes impressed on a semi-fluid bodily organ that undergoes several
changes in order to make a memory. A memory occurs when a stimuli is too complex
that the nervous system (semi-fluid bodily organ) cannot receive all the
impressions at once. The mental picture imprinted on the bodily organ is the final
product of the entire process of sense perception. It does not matter if the
experience was seen or heard, every experience ends up as a mental image in memory

6... Aristotle believed the chain of thought, which ends in recollection of certain
"imprints", was connected systematically in three sorts of relationships:
similarity, contrast, and contiguity. These three laws make up his Laws of
Association. Aristotle believed that past experiences are hidden within our mind. A
force operates to awaken the hidden material to bring up the actual experience.
According to Aristotle, association is the power innate in a mental state, which
operates upon the unexpressed remains of former experiences, allowing them to rise
and be recalled.

7....
Aristotle also includes in his theory of dreams what constitutes a dream and what
does not. He claimed that a dream is first established by the fact that the person
is asleep when they experience it.[67] If a person had an image appear for a moment
after waking up or if they see something in the dark it is not considered a dream
because they were awake when it occurred.[67] Secondly, any sensory experience that
actually occurs while a person is asleep and is perceived by the person while
asleep does not qualify as part of a dream.[67] For example, if, while a person is
sleeping, a door shuts and in their dream they hear a door is shut, Aristotle
argues that this sensory experience is not part of the dream.[67] The actual
sensory experience is perceived by the senses, the fact that it occurred while the
person was asleep does not make it part of the dream.[67] Lastly, the images of
dreams must be a result of lasting impressions of sensory experiences had when
awake.[67]