Tafila Technical University

Faculty of Engineering
The department of Mechanical Engineering
Laboratory 2
Instructor: Eng. Audai A.Al-kailah

Name: Mohammed N.Abu-jowdeh

Second Experiment
Tim of the Lab. : 2pm – 5pm
Date of Experiment :06/3/2019

STRENGTH
OF
MATERIAL
LABORATORY
Direct Rubber Shear Test
 Table of content
Objectives: ...................................................................................................................2
Introduction : ...........................................................................................................2
Experimental setup: ...............................................................................................5
Experimental procedure:……………………………………………………..…...……………………………..6

Experimental Results & Discussion:…………………………………………………..…………………6

Conclusion::………………………………………………………….…………………………………..……8

References::……………………………………….…………………………………….……..…….…8
 Objective:

- To determine Modulus of rigidity for a sample of material that subjected to a shear

load increasing uniformly and its Corresponding shear strain value by drawing the
relation between them.

Introduction :
Mechanical testing plays an important role in evaluating fundamental properties of
engineering materials as well as in developing new materials and in controlling the quality
of materials for use in design and construction. If a material is to be used as part of an
engineering structure that will be subjected to a load, it is important to know that the
material is strong enough and rigid enough to withstand the loads that it will experience in
service. As a result engineers have developed a number of experimental techniques for
mechanical testing of engineering materials subjected to shear, tension, compression,
bending or torsion loading…

In this test we will use an apparatus cod increase a shear load produce from weights
uniformly changing , the material which subjected to the load will be has a high elastic behavior to
do the test many time without permanent shear strain deformation.

The reader might already be familiar with Hooke's law, which states that the force needed to
compress or extend a spring is directly proportional to the distance you stretch it. Hooke's law
doesn't only apply to normal forces. It has many applications, one of which is the shear stress/strain
relationship.

shear strain is the ratio of the change in deformation to its original length perpendicular
to the axes of the member due to shear stress.
𝑑
from the figure the shear strain is √ d
ℎ
k
but how will get the strain if we have just the angel which confront the
deformation (γ) ?

since of the definition of the shear strain the strain will equal γ t h

that because of the high small of this angle in several materials that will make the
tangent of the angel equal the angle … F
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑡(𝑑)
tan⁡(𝜃) =
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡(ℎ)

tan⁡(𝜃) = 𝜃 Very small angel

𝑑
𝜃=
ℎ

𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟⁡𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 = 𝜃 Infringement property

 That will give us a condition to be the confront the deformation angle is the shear strain which is { tan ( θ) = θ }
 Sign convention of the shear strain :

In another way to find the sign of the shear strain :

1- get the lift side view of the anthropomorphic

2- set the length or the parallel shear-force's dimension on one of the positive axis's.
3- if the 2D dimensions of the anthropomorphic get out of the "positive-first quadrant"
its (neg.shear strain) "the angle spin clockwise" if not its (pos.shear strain) "the
angle spin counter-clockwise" .

{pos.shear-stress => neg.shear-strain :::: neg.shear-stress=>pos.shear-strain}

Shear stress is stress in parallel to the cross section of the

structural member or any shape.

 The sign of the shear-stress is depend on the sign of

the shear-Force which depend on the "Mechanical sign
convention" and the positive direction from lift and
right side of the particles will be as the following block:

V M M

N + N

V
Experimental setup:

 Testing apparatus:

1- Rubber-dial gage apparatus.

Dial gage to
record the
deformation

 it's a piece of material that have a high elastic

behavior to give a high deformation from low
applied force and fixed to a wall to abolition any
reaction except shear reaction; with a Column to
suspend the weights which is the applied "shear-
force" because it is parallel to the cross-sectional High elastic
area. material

Column to
suspend weights

2- weights.
Experimental procedure:

1- Determine the uniformly increasing in weight will suspend.

2- Suspend weights one after one and record the read of the deformation from the dial gage.
3- Do the calculation and find the modulus of rigidity.

Experimental Results & Discussion:

 The sign convention of the shear strains in the test:

If take a look to the lift side view of the testing apparatus we will see this =>

F F
"It is negative strains"

 The sign convention of the shear stress in the test:

the shear force is positive => pos.shear-stress

"It is positive stress"

  The table of readings :

Mass Deformation weight shear-stress shear-strain

{M}(kg) {d}(mm) F(N) = M*g Ʈ(N/mm^2)=P/k*t γ(rad) = d/h

1 0.15 9.81 0.002616 0.002

1.5 0.35 14.715 0.003924 0.004666667

2 0.47 19.62 0.005232 0.006266667

2.5 0.66 24.525 0.00654 0.0088

3 0.87 29.43 0.007848 0.0116

3.5 1.06 34.335 0.009156 0.014133333

4 1.22 39.24 0.010464 0.016266667

4.5 1.42 44.145 0.011772 0.018933333

g =9.81m/s^2 h=75mm , k=150mm , t= 25mm

 The diagram of shear stress-strain:

 Notes:
- linear: as showmen in the diagram the relation
between shear-stress & strain diagram is linear that's
mean the sample in all test still in elastic region.
- uniformly: it's because the uniformities in add
weights.

#slope of the diagram = 0.543 => the modulus of rigidity ,G is : 543X𝟏𝟎−𝟑 𝑁/(𝑚𝑚2 .⁡ rad).
 Conclusion:
 Use Material have Lowe modulus of elasticity to get big deformation in little load that's
for produce a clear linear relation between shear-stress&strain "elastic region" to know
in a clear way how to find the modulus of rigidity for any material.

 A way To find the modulus of rigidity; get a rubber sample from the material and fixed
one side of it , set on the second side a dial gage with a Column to suspend the weights
and do the calculation.

 * At very small angle : tan(θ)=θ => shear strain = θ

 The relation between the shear - stress & strain whence the sign is "inverse"

 The sign of the shear strain just to know the direction of the spin of the angle, not
intervention in calculation ; & sign of the shear stress also but this intervention in
calculation when going to design.

References:
R.C.Hibbeler-Mechanics of Materials 8th Edition | Fiqah Saiful - Academia.edu

https://study.com/academy/lesson/shear-strain-definition-equation.html

www. mathalino.com / Engineering math review

www.nde-ed.org/ Nde research center