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1. In your own views, how do you think of Vietnam's development over the past five
years (2006‐2010) in terms of political, economic and social issues?
ANSWER: Over the last five years Vietnam has maintained remarkable political
stability compared with its neighbours in Southeast Asia, especially Thailand. The
government formed in 2007, after the tenth party congress, has been stable and
effective. Vietnam’s economy has experienced some ups and downs – inflation,
global financial crisis – but continues to grow at a credible rate. Vietnam continues to
reduce poverty and is doing well in meeting the millennium development goals.
Vietnam is proactively trying to prevent gaps in regional development. But endemic
corruption remains a huge challenge.
2. What were the strengths and the weakness of Vietnam after five years in your
views?
ANSWER: There are a variety of indicators to measures progress. Six are of particular
importance – ease of doing business, global competitiveness, human development
index, transparency, economic freedom and press freedom. Over the last five years
Vietnam has seen progress on five of the six. The greatest strength has been the
improvement in global competitiveness. Less dramatic but important progress has
been made in increasing transparency and to a lesser extent economic freedom.
Vietnam has gone backwards in the index measuring press freedom.
Despite all the positive developments, Vietnam still languishes at the middle to the
bottom of these six indicators. In other words Vietnam is still a developing country
and should not be complacent about its achievements.
3. What are the expectations from international investors and observers on Vietnam
now (that you may know)?
ANSWER: International investors still want to put their money in Vietnam. But they
would like to see even greater transparency in government decision‐making and
more attention to macro‐economic stability. Vietnam needs to address its chronic
trade deficit.
Vietnam moved up four positions in the index of transparency over the last year but
ranks 116th out of 178 countries surveyed. The government’s imposition of price
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controls is one area where the lack of transparency was a cause of concern. The
ability of the government to effectively implement price controls was also an issue.
Foreign investors would like to see greater equitisation of state owned enterprises,
and a level playing field between the state sector, which is favoured, and the other
economic sectors, including the private sector.
4. How do you think of Vietnam political role in international arena over the past five
years and now?
ANSWER: Vietnam has gone from success to success. It was the unanimous choice of
the Asian bloc at the United Nations to fill the position of non‐permanent member of
the Security Council. Vietnam’s responsible role won it praise in many quarter,
especially from the United States.
Vietnam also acquitted itself well as chair of ASEAN. It played a constructive
diplomatic role on the Myanmar issue. Vietnam also forged a degree of consensus
on the South China Sea issue and received the backing of several of the major
powers. ASEAN is now committed to working with China in a joint working group to
implement the Declaration on Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea to make this
agreement effective. Much work needs to be done, however.
Vietnam’s crowning success was to host successfully the inaugural meeting of ASEAN
Defence Ministers and their eight dialogue partners. Vietnam not only succeeded in
getting China and the United States at the same table, but provided the venue for
the resumption of military‐to‐military contacts on the sideline.
Vietnam’s proactive diplomatic success has had one downside. Vietnam’s raising of
the South China Sea issue has annoyed China. At private discussions held during the
year China made clear it would not discuss the Paracel Islands. Vietnam’s
improvement in defence relations with the United States, a plus, has also
contributed to Chinese suspicions.
5. Some foreign analysts suggest that Vietnam should deploy a new model/strategy
for economic development instead of the old and currently‐applied one which relies
much on natural resources and focuses on GDP high figure. Do you agree with this?
Why?
ANSWER: Vietnam needs to keep developing its economy to create jobs for youths
that enter the market place. And Vietnam needs to keep its economy growing to
achieve its goals of industrialization and modernization and becoming a middle‐
income country.
But the emphasis on high growth rates is short‐sighted. Economic growth should
support sustainable development over the long‐term. Vietnam needs to carry out
structural reforms to make itself even more competitive in the global market place.
At the same time, Vietnam needs to increase its capacity to process raw materials to
add value for export.
Vietnam also must address certain fundamentals to make this possible such as
greater investment in human resources, real reform of the education sector to raise
it to international standards. Much more must be done to improve the physical
infrastructure including reliable supply of electricity.
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6. You used to be here and worked for a time in the past, what are the strong
features of Vietnamese people that you think should be enhanced to back up the
nation's future development?
ANSWER: The Vietnamese people have a strong sense of identity, communal spirit
and a culture that places a premium on literacy and education. Therefore Vietnam
must ensure that human resource development through appropriate and relevant
educational institutions is open to all its citizens so they can contribute to national
development. Vietnam can leverage high literacy with appropriate technical training
and develop niche capacities in information technology the way India has.
7. In your views, what should authorities do to woo more international investors and
contributions/supports for the country's development in the next five years, ten
years and more?
ANSWER: Vietnam must level the playing field and allow all sectors of the economy –
private as well as state – to play their role as a force for development. The
government needs to rededicate itself to equitising state‐owned enterprises and
adopt proactive policies that encourage both private sector development and
greater cooperation with foreign enterprises. The Jetstar case this past year seemed
to me a case of special favourtism and protectionism for the state airline. This
favouritism has a negative impact on foreign investors.
8. What are your recommendations/advices to Vietnam's top leaders on this time for
the country's Party Congress?
ANSWER: I have read all of the major draft policy documents to be considered by the
11th party congress. I am disappointed in their general nature and failure to discuss
openly the burning issues that are being discussed within the party. I think the public
– both Vietnamese and foreign – should be given greater information about the key
issues and policy options that have been discussed. These documents barely discuss
ASEAN and the various multilateral institutions through which Vietnam seeks global
integration. How Vietnam should manage its relations with the major powers –
China and the United States – is not discussed. Yes the issue is sensitive but this does
not prevent raising the challenges and opportunities posed for Vietnam.
Party delegates should be given effective power to choose party leaders and rapidly
promote persons with real talent.
After the party congress ends, the party should provide more information about the
deliberations that took place. More biographic information on members of the
Central Committee should be provided along the lines of information on deputies to
the National Assembly.
Over the next five and ten years Vietnam should continue to reform its political
system to make it more transparent and responsive to the general public. The pilot
program to directly elect the head of the people’s committee (uy ban nhan dan)
should be adopted throughout Vietnam up to province and municipal level. The
National Assembly should be greater power to investigate government performance
including a greater role for committees to scrutinize the work of the government.
Vietnam should sponsor a responsible public debate about the question whether the
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office of state president and party secretary general should be merged.
Vietnam has given priority to developing a knowledge economy. This is not just a
technical matter of increasing internet connectivity. It means that information must
be freely shared and circulated so people and specialists can be fully informed.
Vietnam should review is current mixed system of controls and develop a more
uniform and transparent system. Allied to this, Vietnam should adopt a more open
door approach to the activities of foreign universities in Vietnam. Appropriate
policies should be adopted to encourage them to set up in Vietnam and raise
standards to world class. Foreign universities are not happy to see restrictive
controls over access to the internet.