18808141015 Arindra Nugraha A14 MAnajemen

Organizing the Business

A. Organizational Structure

We can define organizational structure as the specification of the jobs to be done within an
organization and the ways in which those jobs relate to one another.

B. The Building Bloxks of Organizational Structure

The first step in developing the structure of any business, large or small, involves

three activities:

1. Specialization. Determining who will do what

2. Departmentalization. Determining how people performing certain tasks can best

be grouped together

3. Establishment of a Decision-Making Hierarchy. Deciding who will be empowered

to make which decisions and who will have authority over others

These three activities are the building blocks of all business organizations.

C. Basic Forms of Organizational Structure

Organizations can structure themselves in an almost infinite number of

ways—according to specialization, for example, or departmentalization, or the

decision- making hierarchy. Nevertheless, it is possible to identify four basic forms

of organizational structure that reflect the general trends followed by most firms:

functional, divisional, matrix, and international.

 D. Informal Organization

Informal Organization is a network thatunrelated to the firm’s formal authority structure, of

everyday social interactions among company employees.

On the negative side, the informal organization can reinforce office politics that

put the interests of individuals ahead of those of the firm and can disseminate distorted

or inaccurate information. For example, if the informal organization is highlighting

false information about impending layoffs, valuable employees may act

quickly (and unnecessarily) to seek other employment.

a. Informal Groups

Informal groups are simply groups of people who decide to interact among themselves.

They may be people who work together in a formal sense or who just get together for lunch,
during breaks, or after work. They may talk about business, the boss, or nonwork-related topics
like families, movies, or sports.

b. Organizational Grapevine

The grapevine is an informal communication network that can run through an entire
organization. Grapevines are found in all organizations except the very smallest, but they do not
always follow the same patterns as formal channels of authority and communication, nor do they
necessarily coincide with them. Because the grapevine typically passes information orally, such
information often becomes distorted in the process.

c. Intrapreneuring

Intrapreneuring is a process of creating and maintaining the innovation and flexibility of a small-
business environment within the confines of a large organization.