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Principles and Practice

of
PEDODONTICS
Principles and Practice
of
PEDODONTICS
Second Edition

Arathi Rao MDS


Professor
Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry
Manipal College of Dental Sciences
Mangalore
Karnataka (India)
e-mail: arathi_rao@hotmail.com

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Principles and Practice of Pedodontics (2nd Edition)

© 2008, Arathi Rao


All rights reserved. No part of this publication should be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means:
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the editors and the publisher.

This book has been published in good faith that the material provided by author is original. Every effort is made to ensure accuracy of
material, but the publisher, printer and author will not be held responsible for any inadvertent error(s). In case of any dispute, all legal matters
are to be settled under Delhi jurisdiction only.

First Edition : 2006


Second Edition : 2008
ISBN 978-81-8448-345-1
Typeset at JPBMP typesetting unit
Printed at Gopsons Papers Ltd., A-14, Sector 60, Noida
CONTRIBUTORS

Arathi Rao MDS Deepa G Kamath MDS


Professor Associate Professor
Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Department of Periodontics
Manipal College of Dental Sciences Manipal College of Dental Sciences
Mangalore, Karnataka Mangalore, Karnataka
(Chapters 1 to 24, 26) (Chapter 14)

Ashwin Rao MDS Ramya Shenoy MDS


Assistant Professor Assistant Professor
Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Community and Preventive Dentistry
Manipal College of Dental Sciences Manipal College of Dental Sciences
Mangalore, Karnataka Mangalore, Karnataka
(Chapter 31) (Chapter 30)

Ashwini Rao MDS Sumanth KN MDS


Professor and Head Associate Professor
Community and Preventive Dentistry Oral Medicine and Radiology
Manipal College of Dental Sciences Manipal College of Dental Sciences
Mangalore, Karnataka Mangalore, Karnataka
(Chapters 25, 27, 28, 29) (Chapter 20)
FOREWORD

I am pleased to write the foreword for the second edition of the book titled Principles and Practice of Pedodontics
by Dr Arathi Rao. The previous edition of this book has done extremely well and has fulfilled the need for
a concise and comprehensive book as reflected by its enormous popularity.
The second edition is a brilliant upgrade; with extensive illustrations and an additional chapter on Medical
Emergencies in Dental Clinic, which is vital for the practice of dentistry.
I would like to congratulate the author for bringing out the second edition in such a short span of time,
I wish her good success in all her endeavours.

V Surendra Shetty MDS


Dean, Manipal College of Dental Sciences
Mangalore, Karnataka
A Constituent Institution of Manipal University
Manipal, Karnataka
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION

Hello readers, I hope the first edition was very informative and thank you for that immense support. As is always,
betterment and continual improvement should be ones goal. Keeping this in mind, I have tried to gather all
the shortcoming of the first edition and improvised on this second edition.
The second edition comprises of 31 chapters, designed in a way that makes it easier to understand by an
undergraduate student of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry.
Additional chapter “Medical Emergencies in Dental Clinic” has been included in this edition. Understanding
and management of such emergencies is very essential in day-to-day practice of dentistry for children.
Illustrations in the second edition are plenty making it easier to understand and remember. There are about
610 beautiful and practically helpful photographs which I am sure will make reading easy and very interesting.
Extra references are included as ‘Further Reading’ for those with an extensive thirst for knowledge.

Arathi Rao
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION

Pedodontics has always been a subject which is interesting but very vast. It is very difficult to find a book that
is complete and suited for the undergraduate students, which is comprehensive, yet easy to understand. I have
tried to cover all the topics in compliance with the syllabus of various universities in a very easy to understand
way with adequate illustrations. Some extra useful information is given in separate boxes which makes it easy
to read and remember. This book is aimed at helping the undergraduate students to have a better knowledge
of Pedodontics and to reproduce the same during the exams.
I would request the readers to send their valuable suggestions and advice to me.

Arathi Rao
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First and the foremost I would like to thank the students all over the country and abroad who have read and
appreciated the first edition of my book. Hope you will find the second edition too very informative.
My sincere thanks to my Dean, Dr V Surendra Shetty who has been my continuous source of inspiration.
I also would acknowledge the support given to me by the Management and Officials of Manipal University,
Manipal.
My dear guide Dr Subrato Sarkar, is a very good human being. I am greatly indebted for all his encouragement
and guidance during my postgraduate period and thereafter also.
I thank all the contributors of my book, Dr Sumanth, Associate Professor, Oral Medicine and Radiology,
Dr Deepa, Associate Professor, Periodontics, Dr Ashwin Rao, Assistant Professor, Pedodontics and Dr Ramya
Shenoy, Assistant Professor, Community and Preventive Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore.
I show my appreciation to the help given to me by Dr Karen Boaz, Associate Professor Dept. of Oral Pathology
and Dr Latha Prabhu, Professor and Head, Dept. of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore.
My special thanks to Dr Raghavendra Kini, Mrs Reena Raghavendra Kini, Master Adithya and Baby Advai.
Special thanks to Dr Jyostna Rimal, Dr Aarthi Bhat, Dr Saptharshi Bhowal, Dr Rashmi C, Dr Ramya S, and
Dr Sankalp Taparia and staff of Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental
Sciences, Mangalore for their help with a cheerful and happy attitude.
I would like to dedicate my book to my parents Dr K Nagesh Rao, Prof. and Head, Dept. of Anatomy,
A J Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalore and Mrs Usha N Rao. I love my sister Dr Ashwini Rao, Prof and
Head, Dept. of Community Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore who has also contributed
many chapters in this book and her lovely daughter Kaavya. I thank my husband Rajesh Nandavar for supporting
and helping me complete my book effortlessly. Last but not the least for whom my whole life is dedicated,
Arjun my wonderful son without whom there is no meaning to my life.
CONTENTS

1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1
2. Morphology of Deciduous Teeth ..................................................................................... 9
3. Case History, Examination, Treatment Planning .......................................................... 17
4. Growth and Development ............................................................................................. 43
5. Development and Eruption of Teeth ............................................................................. 57
6. Development of Occlusion ........................................................................................... 69
7. Psychological Development .......................................................................................... 79
8. Behavior Management in Dental Practice .................................................................... 91
9. Preventive and Interceptive Orthodontics .................................................................. 121
10. Pernicious Oral Habits............................................................................................... 147
11. Dental Caries ............................................................................................................. 163
12. Pediatric Operative Dentistry ..................................................................................... 183
13. Stainless Steel Crown ................................................................................................ 215
14. Preventive Dentistry ................................................................................................... 227
15. Fluorides .................................................................................................................... 261
16. Pulp Therapy .............................................................................................................. 279
17. Trauma to the Anterior Teeth and its Management ................................................... 303
18. Child Abuse and Management ................................................................................... 327
19. Dental Management of Handicapped Children .......................................................... 333
20. Radiology in Pedodontic Practice .............................................................................. 359
21. Oral Surgical Considerations in Children ................................................................. 377
22. Gingival and Periodontal Diseases in Children ......................................................... 399
23. Prosthodontic Considerations in Children ................................................................. 407
24. Oral Pathologic Considerations in Children .............................................................. 421
25. Infection Control ........................................................................................................ 445
26. Genetics in Pediatric Practice ................................................................................... 455
27. Survey Procedures and Indices .................................................................................. 463
28. Dental Auxiliaries ...................................................................................................... 477
29. Practice Management ................................................................................................. 483
30. General Epidemiology ................................................................................................ 487
31. Medical Emergencies in Dental Clinic ...................................................................... 499

Index .............................................................................................................................................515

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