1.1.

Introduction

Grass cutter machines have become very popular today Most of the times, grass cutter
machines are used for soft grass furnishing In time where technology is merging with
environmental awareness, consumers are looking for ways to contribute to the relief of
more specifically in our own homes. Herein, we propose a model of the automatic grass
cutting machine powered through solar energy (non---renewable energy) Automatic grass
cutting machine is a machine which is going to perform the grass cutting operation on its
own. This model reduces both environment and noise pollution.

Our new design for an old and outdated habit will help both customer and the environment
This project of a solar powered automatic grass cutter will relieve the consumer from
mowing their own lawns and will reduce the environmental and noise pollution. This design
is meant to be an alternate green option to the popular and environmentally hazardous fuel
powered lawn mower. Ultimately, the consumer will be doing more for the environment
while doing less work in their daily lives. The hope is to keep working on this project until a
suitable design can be implemented and then be ultimately placed on the market.

1.2. The Basic Idea

An electric Lawn Mower There are so many complications with Electric Lawn mower Like
Electricity, Wiring, Efficiency, Eco-friendly etc. And design is so complicated so behalf of
Electric lawn mower we have made Solar power grass cutter which is efficient, less noisy,
No need of any external wiring The basic idea is that we have made grass cutter with electric
motor that runs from a 12 volt battery. This battery will be charged using solar panel of 5W.

1.3. Solar Energy

A solar cell is a basically a p-n junction device with no direct voltage applied. The
fundamental idea of a solar cell is to convert light energy to electrical energy. Light energy,
which comes mainly from the sun, is transmitted by photons, small packets or quantum of
light Photons of sufficient energy (greater than the band gap of the material), creates mobile
electron-hole pairs in a semiconductor. Therefore, a solar cell converts light energy which is
a flow of photons, to electrical energy which is a flow of electrons. This is known as the
photoelectric effect. The photo-generated minority carriers will be collected at the p-n
junction where the excited electrons will get swept to the n-region while the holes will get
swept to the p-region to become majority carriers.

DEPT: EEE 2
1.4. Why Microcontroller?

Microcontroller is a compact integrated circuit designed to govern a specific operation in an

embedded system. A typical microcontroller includes a processor, memory and input output
(VO) peripherals on a single chip. Powerful and carefully chosen electronics embedded in
the microcontrollers can independently or via input/output devices (switches, pushbuttons,
sensors, LCD displays, relays etc.), control various processes and devices such industrial
automation, electric current, temperature, engine performance etc. Very low prices enable
them to be embedded in such devices in which, until recent time it was not worthwhile
embed anything. Thanks to that, the world is overwhelmed today with cheap automatic and
various "smart" appliances. Prior knowledge is hardly needed for programming Is sufficient
to have a PC (software in use is not demanding at all and is easy to learn) and a simple
device (called the programmer) used for loading" ready-to-use programs into the
microcontroller.

1.5. Why Bluetooth?

Low Energy Bluetooth wireless sensors. This is where a low energy system of Bluetooth
should be employed. This is more reliable than other sensors as it has better battery life
saving energy when the Bluetooth is not necessarily needed and autonomously coming back
on when it is needed.

1.6. Literature Survey

Rotary mowers were not developed until engines were small enough and powerful enough to
run the blades at sufficient speed. Many people experimented with rotary blade mowers in
the late 1920s and early 1930s, and Power Specialties Ltd introduced a gasoline powered
rotary mower. Kutkwick replaced the saw blade of the "Pulp Saw “with a double edged
blade and a cutter deck, converting the "Pulp Saw" into the first ever out-front rotary mower.

One company that produced rotary mowers commercially was the Australian Victa
company, starting in 1952. Its powers were lighter and easier to use than similar ones that
had come before. The first Victa mower were made at Mortlake, an inner suburb of Sydney,
by local recent Mervyn Victor Richardson. He made his first model out of scrap in his
garage and then moved to a shed behind St Mary's Church of England, where the first Victa
mowers were manufactured, going on sale on 20 September 1952. The new company, Victa
Mowers Pty Ltd,

DEPT: EEE 2
Was incorporated on 13 February 1953.The venture was so successful that by 1958 the
company moved to much larger premises in Parramatta Road, Concord, and then to
Milperra, by which time incorporated an engine, designed and manufactured by Victa,
which was specially suitable for mowing rather than employing a general purpose engine.
Two Victa mowers, from 1958 and 1968 respectively, are held in the collection of the
National Museum of Australia. The Victa mower is regarded as something of an Australian
icon, appearing in masse, in simulated form, at the opening of the Sydney Olympic Games
in 2000

DEPT: EEE 2
1.6.1. Types of Lawn Mowers

• Commercial mower

In the 1850s, Thomas Green & Son of Leeds introduced a mower called the SilensMessor (meaning
silent cutter), which used a cham to transmit power from the rear roller to the cutting cylinder. These
machines were lighter and quieter than the gear driven machines that preceded them, although they
were slightly more expensive, The rise in popularity of lawn sports helped prompt the spread of the
invention Lawn mowers became a more efficient alternative to the scythe and domesticated grazing
animals.
Rotary lawn mower:

Rotary mowers were not developed until engines were small enough and powerful conch to in the
blades at sufficient speed. Many people experimented with rotary blade mowers in the late 1920s and
early 1930s, and Power Specialties Lid introduced a gasoline powered rotary mower. Kukwick
replaced the saw blade of the "Pulp Saw with a double edged blade and a cutter deck, converting the
"Pulp Saw into the first ever out-front rotary mower One company that produced rotary mowers
commercially was the Australian Victa company, starting in 1952. Its mowers were lighter and easier
to use than similar ones that had come before. The first Victa mowers were made at Mortlake, an
inner suburb of Sydney, by local resident Mervyn Victor Richardson He made his first model out of
scrap in his garage and then moved to a shed behind St Mary's Church of England, where the first
Victa mower were manufactured going on sale on 20 September 1952 The new company, Victa
Mowers Pty Ltd, was incorporated on 13 February 1953

FIG. 2. ROTARY LAWN MOWER

• Cylindrical lawn mower:

Cylinder lawn mowers consist of a cylinder and a number of horizontal blades that spiral around it. If
adjusted to the correct height a cylinder mower will give the best cut of any lawn mower. They are
however, best suited to flat lawns and can be difficult to use on bumpy or tall grass.
FIG 13 CYLINDRICAL LAWN MOWER THE MAIN PARTS OF A CYLINDER REEL MOWER

Blade reel cylinder consist of numerous (3 to 7) spiral blades that are attached to a rotating shan. The
blades rotate, creating a scissor-like cutting motion Bed knife is the stationary cutting mechanism of
a cylinder reel mower. This is a fixed horizontal blade that is mounted to the frame of the mower

> Body frame the main structural frame of the mower onto which the other parts of the mower are
mounted.

DEPT: EEE 2
Wheels these help propel the mower in action Generally reel mowers have two

wheels

Push handles the power source of a manually operated reel mower. This is a sturdy Tshape handle
that is connected to the frame wheels and blade chamber Motor the power source of a reel mower
that is powered by gasoline or electric

• Petrol Lawn Mower:

These lawn mowers fall under the rotary type mowers. They are powered by intemal combustion
engines. Such engines can be either two-stroke or four-stroke cycle engines, running on gasoline or
other liquid fuels. Internal combustion engines used with lawn mowers normally have only one
cylinder.FIG 14 PETROL LAWN MOWER

Power generally ranges from two to seven horsepower (1.5 to 5.25 kW) Petrol lawn mowers come in
both the 2 stroke and 4 stroke cycle engines,

2 stroke lawn mowers are more powerful less expensive, have a better power to weight ratio, and can
be operated in any orientation However, they are also louder.

less fuel efficient, and do not last as long due to the high revolving engine. They also require the
petrol to be mixed with oil prior to use in order to lubricate the engine > stroke lawn mowers by
comparison are not as powerful, but contain an oil sump (a separate oil chamber) and don't need the
fuel to be pre-mixed. This saves the operator from mixing the fuel but it also means that the mower
cannot be tipped on one side as it will cause the oil to fall out of the sump into the fuel chamber
Hover Lawn Mower:

grass.

Hover mowers are powered rotary push mowers that use a turbine above the spinning blades to drive
air downwards, thereby creating an air cushion that lifts the mower of the ground like a hovercraft
The operator can then casily move the mower as it rolls over the

Hover mowers can also be applied to very long grass and even light scrub since their lightness
permits most operators to lift the mower up and then let it sink slowly down while the blades
progressively chop up the vegetation. The lifting action is made even easier when the mower is
swung around with action of air lifting the mower off the grass makes it hover a few centimeters
above the ground in getting stripe

his making it very easy to push around the garden and, providing that you are not interested

FIG 15 HOVER LAWN MOWER

DEPT: EEE 2
• Electric Lawn Mower:

Rotary mowers powered by electric motors are increasingly popular Usually, these mowas are
moved by manual motive power the on-board engine or motor only spins the blades These have the
disadvantage of requiring a trailing power cord that limits its range and so these are only useful for
relatively small lawns, close to a power socket. There is the obvious hazard with these machines of
mowing over the power cable, which stops the mower and may put users at risk of electrocution

FIG 1.6 ELECTRIC LAWN MOWER

• Solar Power Lawn Mower:

A Solar grass cutter is machine that used rotary blades to cut a lawn at even length on more
sophisticated devices are there in every field power consumption becomes essential
or future. Solar grass cutter consists of solar panel of Sw that charge the battery using charge
controller Solar powered lawn mower

FIG 1.7. SOLAR LAWN MOWER

DEPT: EEE 2