C-05-Decision Making and Branching PDF

Chapter – 05
Decision Making and Branching
What is the output of the following program?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x = 40, y = 30, z = 80;
if (x < y < z)
printf("REC");
else
printf("RIT");
return 0;
}
A. REC
B. RIT
C. Compile time error
D. None of these
ANSWER: A
What is the output of the following C code?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
if (0) { printf("First statement"); }
if (-10) { printf("Second statement"); }
if (80 - 10 * 8) { printf("Third statement"); }
return 0;
}
A. Only First statement is printed

B. Only Second statement is printed
C. Both Second statement and Third statement are printed
D. No lines are printed
ANSWER: B
2 B.BHUVANESWARAN | AP (SG) | CSE | Rajalakshmi Engineering College | Chennai

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
float a = .5, b = .7;
if (b <= 7)
if (a < .5)
printf("REC");
else
printf("RIT");
else
printf("RSA");
return 0;
}
A. RIT
B. REC
C. RSA
D. None of these
ANSWER: A
B.BHUVANESWARAN | AP (SG) | CSE | Rajalakshmi Engineering College | Chennai 3

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x = 7, y = 10;
if (!(!x) && x)
printf("%d", x);
else
printf("%d", y);
return 0;
}
A. 1
B. 0
C. 7
D. 10
ANSWER: C

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x = 7, y = 10;
if (x && y > 20)
printf("%d", x);
else
printf("%d", y);
return 0;
}
A. 1
B. 0
C. 7
D. 10
ANSWER: D

What will be the output of the following C code?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x = 1;
if (x--)
printf("Hello");
--x;
else
printf("%d", x);
return 0;
}
A. Compiler error
B. 1
C. Hello
D. 0
ANSWER: A

What will be the output of the C program?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i = 1;
switch (i)
{
case 1:
printf("Hai ");
default:
printf("Bye");
}
return 0;
}
A. Compilation Error
B. Bye
C. Hai
D. Hai Bye
ANSWER: D

What will be the output of the C program?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i = 65;
switch (i)
{
case 65:
printf("Integer 65");
break;
case 'A':
printf("Char 65");
break;
default:
printf("Bye");
}
return 0;
}
A. Char 65
B. Integer 65
C. Bye
D. Compilation Error
ANSWER: D

What will be the output produced by the following C Code?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x, y, z;
z = 2;
x = 3;
y = 4;
if (x - y)
z = z++;
z = z--;
printf("z = %d" , z );
return 0;
}
A. z =2
B. z=3
C. z=1
D. z=4
ANSWER: A

Consider the following C code. What will be assigned to the variable D?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int A = 5, B = 6, C = 4;
int D = 0;
if (((A - B) * 4) >= C)
D = C * 2;
else
D = C / 2 * 5;
return 0;
}
A. 0
B. 8
C. 2
D. 10
ANSWER: D

Consider the following C code. What will be assigned to the variable S?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int P = 2, Q = 6, R = 3;
int S = 1;
if (((P + Q) / R) > S)
S = S + Q;
if ((P - Q) > S)
S = S - Q;
else
S = 5;
R = 9;
return 0;
}
A. 1
B. 7
C. -5
D. 5
ANSWER: D

Consider the following C code. What will be assigned to the variable A?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int P = 12, Q = 9, A = 4;
int M = 3;
if ((A - P) < M)
if ((P / Q) < A)
A = A + Q;
else
A = M;
else
A = 5;
Q = 13;
return 0;
}
A. 13
B. 5
C. 3
D. 8
ANSWER: A

Consider the following C Code. What output will it produce if one gives 'b' as input?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char Ch_choice;
switch (Ch_choice = getchar())
{ /* begin switch */
case 'r':
case 'R':
{ /* begin Block #2 */
printf("In Case=%c", Ch_choice);
printf("Red");
break;
} /* end Block #2 */
case 'b':
case 'B':
printf("Blue");
break;
case 'g':
case 'G':
printf("Green");
break;
default:
{ /* begin DEFAULT Block */
printf("In Black");
} /* end DEFAULT Block */
} /* end switch */
return 0;
}
A. Red
B. Green
C. Blue
D. Black
ANSWER: C

Find the output of the following program:
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char c = 'a';
int x = 5, y = 2;
int z;
switch (c)
{
case 'a':
z = x + y;
printf("%d", z);
break;
case 'b':
z = x - y;
printf("%d", z);
break;
case 'c':
z = x * y;
printf("%d", z);
break;
default:
printf("no value assigned");
}
return 0;
}
A. 7
B. 10
C. 3
D. no value assigned
ANSWER: A

Find the output:
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a, b;
a = 3;
b = 3;
if (a == b)
printf("a and b are equal");
else if (a > b)
printf("a is greater than b");
else
printf("b is greater than a");
return 0;
}
A. a and b are equal

B. a is greater than b
C. b is greater than a
D. None of the above
ANSWER: A

What will be the output?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a = 4, b = 15, c = 29;
if (c > b > a)
printf("TRUE");
else
printf("FALSE");
return 0;
}
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
C. Syntax Error
ANSWER: B
(c > b > a) is treated as ((c > b) > a), associativity of '>' is left to right. Therefore, the value
becomes ((29 > 15) > 4) which becomes (1 > 4) thus FALSE.

What will be output?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i = 12;
if (i == 10)
printf("i is 10");
else if (i == 15)
printf("i is 15");
else if (i == 20)
printf("i is 20");
else
printf("i is not present");
return 0;
}
A. i is 10
B. i is 15
C. i is 20
D. i is not present
ANSWER: D
None of the conditionals are true hence final else is executed

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x = 2;
if (x = 1)
printf("TRUE");
else
printf("FALSE");
return 0;
}
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
C. Compilation Error
D. Compiler Dependent
ANSWER: A
TRUE if(x=1)... "=" is an assignment operator, so 1 will be assigned to x and condition will be
true due to if(1).

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
if ((-10 && 10) && (4 > 3))
printf("Condition is true.");
else
printf("Condition is false.");
return 0;
}
A. Condition is true
B. Condition is false
C. Error
D. No output possible
ANSWER: A
Any non-zero value is treated as true for condition. Consider the expressions: if( (-10 && 10)
&& (3>4) ) =if( (1) && (1) ) =if(1)

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x = 7, y = 10;
if (!(!x) && y)
printf("%d", x);
else
printf("%d", y);
return 0;
}
A. 7
B. 10
C. 1
D. 0
ANSWER: A
!(!x) = x i.e. x and y both are non-Zero value and equal to 1 (True). Therefore, the statement is
True.

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int x = 1;
if (x == 0)
if (x >= 0)
printf("true");
else
printf("false");
return 0;
}
A. true
B. false
C. Depends on computer
D. Nothing is printed
ANSWER: D
x is initialized with 1 and the “if” statement compares it with 0, thus the “if condition” is “false”
and the nested “if” statements do not get executed. Hence, the program do not prints anything.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a = 1;
if (a--)
printf("True\n");
if (++a)
printf("False\n");
return 0;
}
A. ‘True’ will be printed

B. ‘False’ will be printed
C. Both ‘True’ and ‘False’ will be printed
D. Nothing will be printed
ANSWER: C
‘a--’ post-increment the value of a. Thus, the if statement is executed as the value of a is
considered as 1 which is true. ‘++a’ pre-increment the value of a. Thus, the decremented value
of a (which is 0) is incremented first and then assigned. So, both the if statements are
executed ad correspondingly both True and False will be printed.

Which statement is correct for the following lines?
switch(month)
{
case < 30:
printf(“It’s February”);
default:
printf(“It’s not February”);
}
A. It’s perfectly fine

B. It will print both statements
C. It will give a compilation error
D. More information required
ANSWER: C
Compilation error. Because only equality can be checked in case. Not <,>,<=,>= etc.

What will be the output of the following program?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x = 1;
switch (x)
{
case 1:
printf("Choice is 1 \n");
default:
printf("Choice other than 1 \n");
}
return 0;
}
A. Choice is 1
B. Choice other than 1
C. Both (a) and (b)
D. Syntax error
ANSWER: C
Since “break;” statement is not used after print statement, it will execute the default
instruction as well.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x = 0;
switch (x)
{
case '0':
printf("Case 0");
break;
case '1':
printf("Case 1");
break;
default:
printf("Case default");
}
return 0;
}
A. Case 0
B. Case 1
C. Case default
D. Error
ANSWER: C
At first look, the output of the program seems to be Case 0. But, the cases are labelled with
characters which gets converted to their ascii values 48(for 0) and 49(for 1). None of the
cases is labelled with value 0. So, the control goes to the default block and Case default is
printed.

What will the output?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x = 5, y = 6, z = 7;
if (x - y)
z = z++;
z = --z;
printf("%d", z);
return 0;
}
Answer: 6
(x-y)=-1 which is not equal to 0. Hence, if condition will be executed, which will store the
value of z as 7 (as it is post increment). Finally, due to pre-decrement of z, the final value of z
will be 6.

Find the output of the following C program
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i = 0;
if (i == 0)
{
i = i + 1;
break;
}
printf("%d", i);
return 0;
}
A. 0
B. 1
C. No output
D. Compiler error
ANSWER: D
‘break’ statement is applicable in loop and switch statements. It is not allowed inside if
statement. Thus the program will show compiler error.

The output of the following program will be
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a = 0, b = 1, c = -1;
if (a)
printf("IITKGP \n");
if (b)
printf("IITM \n");
if (c)
printf("IITR \n");
return 0;
}
A. IITKGP
B. IITM IITR
C. IITM
IITR
D. IITKGP
IITR
ANSWER: C
+1 and -1 is taken as true inside the if statement. Whereas 0 will be considered as false. Thus
the printf corresponding to b and c will be printed.

What is the output of the following program?
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i;
if (i = 0, 2, 3)
printf("NPTEL ");
else
printf("Programming on C ");
printf("%d\n", i);
return 0;
}
A. Programming on C 0
B. NPTEL 0
C. NPTEL 3
D. Compilation error
ANSWER: B
At first zero will assign in ‘i’ then comma operator returns the last value which is 3 and
condition becomes true.

Find the output of the following program.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x = 5;
if (x >= 6);
printf("hello");
return 0;
}
A. It will display hello

B. It will throw an error
C. Nothing will be displayed
D. Compiler dependent
ANSWER: A
The condition inside the if statement is false. The line is ended after if statement. Thus the
compilation comes to the next line and hello will be printed. Thus the program prints “hello”.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a = 100, b = 200, c = 300;
if (c > b > a)
printf("TRUE");
else
printf("FALSE");
return 0;
}
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
C. Syntax Error
ANSWER: B
FALSE :: (c > b > a) is treated as ((c > b) > a), associativity of '>'
is left to right. Therefore the value becomes ((300 > 200) > 100) which becomes (1 > 100)
thus FALSE

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x = 2;
if (x = 1)
printf("TRUE");
else
printf("FALSE");
return 0;
}
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
C. Compilation Error
D. Compiler Dependent
ANSWER: A
TRUE if(x=1)... "=" is an assignment operator, so 1 will be assigned to x and condition will be
true due to if(1).

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
if ((-10 && 10) || (20 && -20))
printf("Condition is true.");
else
printf("Condition is false.");
return 0;
}
A. Condition is true
B. Condition is false
C. Error
D. No output possible
ANSWER: A
Any non-zero value is treated as true for condition. Consider the expressions: if( (-10 &&
10)||(20 && -20) ) =if( (1) || (1) ) =if(1)

#include <stdio.h>
#define TRUE 1
int main()
{
if (TRUE)
printf("1");
printf("2");
else
printf("3");
printf("4");
return 0;
}
A. 1 2 3 4
B. 1 2
C. Compilation error
D. 3 4
ANSWER: C
Illegal else without matching if. You can use only one statement within the if( )without
parenthesis {...} .

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x = -0.5;
if (!x)
printf("hello");
return 0;
}
A. hello
B. Compilation error
C. Nothing will be displayed
D. Compiler dependent
ANSWER: A

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x = 0;
if (x == 1)
if (x >= 0)
printf("true\n");
else
printf("false\n");
return 0;
}
A. true
B. false
C. Depends on computer
D. Nothing is printed.
ANSWER: D
x is initialize with 0 and the if statement compares it with 1, thus the if condition is false and
the nested if statements do not get executed. Hence, the program do not prints anything.

Is there anything wrong in the following program segment?
switch(someCharacter)
{
case ‘a’:
case ‘e’:
case ‘i’:
case ‘o’:
case ‘u’:
printf(“Vowel”);
break;
default:
printf(“Consonant”);
}
A. Yes- case blocks are not defined

B. No- it’s all O.K.
C. Compiler Dependent
D. More info required
ANSWER: B
It’s all fine. Unlike with for loops, or ifelse blocks, multiple statements can follow each other
without curly braces

What is wrong with the following program segment?
switch(temperature < 15 && windy == TRUE)

{
case !windy:
printf(“cold day”);
break;
default:
printf(“hot day”);
}
A. Nothing is wrong
B. Variable cannot be used in individual cases
C. Will print both the statements
D. Break is not allowed when using variable in a case checking
ANSWER: B
The switch portion can contain any constant or expression, but the individual case conditions
can only include constants, or expressions of constants (no variables allowed).

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a = 1;
if (a--)
printf("True\n");
if (++a)
printf("False\n");
return 0;
}
A. True
B. False
C. Both ‘True’ and ‘False’ will be printed
D. Compilation error
ANSWER: C
‘a--’ post-decrement the value of a. Thus, the if statement is executed as the value of a is
considered as 1 which is true. ‘++a’ pre-increment the value of a. Thus, the decremented value
of a (which is 0) is incremented first and then assigned. So, both the if statements are
executed ad correspondingly both True and False will be printed.

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Chapter – 05

Decision Making and Branching

What is the output of the following program?

A. Only First statement is printed

2 B.BHUVANESWARAN | AP (SG) | CSE | Rajalakshmi Engineering College | Chennai

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A. a and b are equal

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None of the conditionals are true hence final else is executed

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A. ‘True’ will be printed

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A. It’s perfectly fine

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A. It will display hello

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A. Yes- case blocks are not defined

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switch(temperature < 15 && windy == TRUE)

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