Advance Research Method Final Project Report

Knowledge Hiding as a Barrier to Thriving: The Mediating Role of

Psychological Safety and Moderating Role of Organizational Cynicism

Class/Section MBA 1.5 Weekend Name of Teacher

Miss Ayesha Date of Submission 4-Jan-2020

Nawal Shahid 70075145

Sumbal Abbas butt 70075142

Nayab rehman 70075286

Osama tahir 70074143

Fatma jamshed 70074139

Ahmed abdullah 700

Section I

Knowledge Hiding as a Barrier to Thriving: The Mediating Role of

Psychological Safety and Moderating Role of Organizational Cynicism

1. Write down the research question that you think the researchers were interested
in answering. What were the research objectives?

Ans:The main research question which the researcher wanted to answer is

“Knowledge hiding in organization suffer employees growth to exceed ”The main
objective of the research was to determine if knowledge hiders struggle to thrive
at work and knowledge hiding has a detrimental effect on the knowledge hider
himself or her.
2. What kind of study was undertaken? & why?
Ans: The study undertaken was a cross sectional survey of 214 Chinese
participant’s from a general working population and then there was a second
study as well which was done to verify the result of the first study by using two
wave data collected from 392 working adults. This research is undertake because
it is a type of observational study that analyzes data from a population, or a
representative subset.
3. What research design has been adopted? Qualitative or Quantitative?
Ans: The research Design being adopted by the researcher is quantitative.
Because article is dealing with digits and percentage or in short numerical data.
4. What research methodology was used? e.g. whether the researcher employed an
experiment or quasi experiment; survey or case study or action research?
Ans: A cross-sectional survey was conducted by the researcher which included
214 Chinese and 392 working adults. This survey is done to verify the first
survey.

5. What was/were the hypothesis/es? Were they one-tailed or two tailed?

Hypothesis1: Psychological safety mediate the negative relationship knowledge hiding
and thriving at work.
Hypothesis 2: Knowledge hiding is more negatively related to psychological safety under
higher rather then lower levels of organization cynicism.
Hypothesis 3: Knowledge hiding is more likely to reduce thriving at work through
reducing psychological safety under higher than lower levels of organizational cynicism.”
This is a two tail hypothesis
6. What were the conceptual variables used? How were they operationalized? Why
were these variables chosen for analysis? How many dependent and
independent variables were there?
Ans: There are four main variables used in that articles.
1. knowledge hiding,
2. organizational cynicism,
3. Psychological safety,
4. Thriving.
Knowledge hiding act as independent variable
thriving as dependent variable.
Psychological safety as mediator.
organizational cynicism as moderator.
There are 1 dependent and 1 independent variable in research article.
7. Describe the population and the sampling techniques used by the researcher, &
the reason for adopting the same.?

Ans: Main population for that research includes full-time workers recruited
through creative, a U.K.-based research crowdsourcing service that recruits
participants across Europe and North America from all occupational and industry
areas. The used Stratified sampling because population is divided into subgroups
who all share similar characteristics it is used when might reasonably expect the
measurement of interest to vary between the different subgroups.

8. How and What sort of data has this research generated?

Ans: Data is generated by selecting participants adult fulltime workers recruited
in first study and Chinese organizations employees in second study.
The data used in study is cross-sectional single source data

9. What type of scale was used to measure the variables?

Ans: Given that the model included both moderator and mediator, Hayes (2013)
process macrocode for SPSS with 5000 bootstrap samples were tested and used to
test the hypothesis.

10. Which type of test was used: Parametric or Non-Parametric. & Why?
Ans: The test type used in the study were parametric.
 They relied on statistical distributions in the data and several conditions of
validity were met.

11. Examine the results section, and make a list of as many different statistics as you
can identify and state them under “Descriptive statistics” – “Inferential
statistics” respectively. Why were the particular tests used?
Ans: Following are the list of different statistics identify under state od
Descriptive statistics.
1. Gender
2. Age
3. Education
4. Organizational tenure
5. Knowledge hiding
6. Psychological safety
7. Thriving

12. How did the researcher ensure various forms of validity and reliability?
Ans: To measure accuracy and consistency of research instruments known as
validity and reliability researcher examine the article base on proper evidence.

13. How many research articles, books or reports were used for references? Write at
least two of each references (of all kinds if available) in the style used at L.B.S,
UOL.
Ans: 84 books, research articles and reports are used for reference. 1. Miller ,D.T.,
& Ross, M.-H.R.(2002). Principles and practice in reporting structural equation
analyses. Phycological Methods, 7(1) 2. Hayes,A.F. (2013) Introduction to
mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based
approach
Section II

• Summarize the chosen research Article.

Section II

In Study 1a, a cross-sectional audit of 214 Chinese individuals from a general

working people reinforced the intervening activity of mental security in the data
concealing and thriving relationship. Concentrate 1b affirmed this result using
two-wave data accumulated from 392 working adults in a board that enrolled
individuals generally in Europe and North America
The research investigates the personal outcomes of knowledge‐hiding behavior
According to research it shows that people who hide knowledge are the one who
are less inclined to feel psychologically safe and thusly are less inclined to thrive
 at work. The mediated relationship is progressively notable at the point when
workers are more cynical toward their organizations.
The article further talks about the knowledge hiding by advancing the
comprehension of how and when information hiders retrain themselves from
accomplishing positive results.
First, in revealing working environment thriving which shows that how individual
face issues in achieving positive outcome or to express themselves being as
knowledge hider which hold back to take any focus on their task. knowledge hider
can impact people's mental states, for example, psychological safety and work
environment thriving. The self-perception is what individual observes themselves
and infer them from observation about their behavior and hence the psychological
behavior hence direct and individual performance.
Second, the research focuses on the employee psychological safety through which
the knowledge hiding blocks thriving. As the first to expand on and broaden
self‐perception theory with regards to knowledge hiding, this research gives a one
of a kind knowledge to clarify the psychological outcomes of knowledge‐hiding
behavior to the knowledge hider. Strikingly, the research recommends that in light
of the fact that
information hiders may encounter a decreased degree of psychological safety,
which in this manner results in reduce the thriving.
Third, this exploration tell how cynicism effect the knowledge hiding on
psychological safety. Organization cynicism shows the negative attribute for
organization.
the moderated mediation framework shows comprehension of how the
information hiding to individual results is conditional on workers' frames of mind
toward the organization. It further shows that knowledge hiding and
organizational cynicism on mental wellbeing can be additionally stretched out to
thriving .

Section III

• Critically analyze the article and try to find the gaps.

Answer: Following are gaps in the article: 1. The Literature has neglected the
psychological outcomes and thus does not offer a fuller understanding of the
negative effects of knowledge hiding on the knowledge hiders themselves. 2.
Literature has neglected the empirical account of the mechanism that explains
why or how those effects are present. 3. Prior Studies Knowledge hiding have
paid exclusive attention to contextual moderators characterized by competition,
support and jib characteristics.

• What further areas (if any) of research has the researcher identified?
Researcher can’t search anything out of the context of the article.
• Given the opportunity, how would you improve the research? e.g. what would
have been your hypotheses? What variables would you have selected and why?
Can you come up with alternative operationalizations for these same variables?

We can improve the research by set a schedule. If we need to meet deadlines and
write a good research paper, we should set a program.

Hypothesis: “Knowledge hiding is more likely to reduce growth at work through

reducing psychological safety under higher than lower levels of organizational
doubt.” We will adopt young generation and people for research and adopt simple
random sampling.

• What sort of population and sampling would you have adopted? What tests would
you have used and why?
Answer: In Study 1a, a cross-sectional audit of 214 Chinese individuals from a
general working people reinforced the intervening activity of mental security in the
data concealing and thriving relationship. Concentrate 1b affirmed this result using
two-wave data accumulated from 392 working adults in a board that enrolled
individuals generally in Europe and North America. Despite avowing the mediating
with a two-wave field study coordinated among 205 specialists in three Chinese
affiliations, Study 2 maintained the coordinating activity of various leveled cynicism.
Specifically, the negative effect of data showing endlessly on mental prosperity was
increasingly conspicuous under progressively raised leveled doubt, like
circumlocutory effect of data concealing on thriving by methods for mental security.

• Justify all your alternatives.

Answer: In Study 1a, a cross-sectional audit of 214 Chinese individuals from a
general working people reinforced the intervening activity of mental security in the
data concealing and thriving relationship. Concentrate 1b affirmed this result using
two-wave data accumulated from 392 working adults in a board that enrolled
individuals generally in Europe and North America. Despite avowing the mediating
with a two-wave field study coordinated among 205 specialists in three Chinese
affiliations, Study 2 maintained the coordinating activity of various leveled cynicism.
Specifically, the negative effect of data showing endlessly on mental prosperity was
increasingly conspicuous under progressively raised leveled doubt, like
circumlocutory effect of data concealing on thriving by methods for mental security.