PLAGIARISM SCAN REPORT

Date 2020-04-16
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CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE RELATED TO THE SOLAR AIRCRAFT There is a cruciform wing structure for solar powered aircraft
in which 28 cells are mounted on horizontal wing surfaces. Keep the normal wing surfaces in direct sunlight with a wise axis perpendicular to
the horizontal surfaces. The solar plane can be of a conventional type with respect to the fuselage, the propeller and the tail, or it can be built
around the nucleus with a propeller mechanism near the tips of the aerodynamic profiles. Solar powered planes are capable of flying today.
The research activities carried out so far have mainly focused on flying wings or conventional aircraft configurations, with a strong emphasis on
technological aspects. The document addresses the current state of the art of empowering the aviation industry with solar energy, scarcity and
future. The Autonomous Systems Lab has developed, with the ESA program, an ultra-light autonomous solar plane model called Sky-Sailor.
The main objective of this project is research on navigation, control of the plane. The aircraft will be able to fly continuously for days and
nights, making it suitable for a wide range of applications. Optimal planning of the energy path and perpetual resistance for unmanned aerial
vehicles equipped with solar cells on the wings, which collect the energy used to drive a propeller. Perpetual resistance is the ability to gather
more energy than is lost during the day. This document shows two unmanned aerial vehicle missions: (1) travel between certain positions
within an allowed duration maximizing the final energy value and (2) wander perpetually from a certain position, which requires perpetual
resistance. For the first, the problem is the optimal planning of the energy route which involves the coupling of the aircraft kinematics and the
energy models through the angle of inclination. The problem is formulated as an optimal control problem, with tilt angle and speed as input.
The power ratio is used to predict the quality characteristics of the optimal routes. If the power ratio exceeds a certain threshold, perpetual
resistance is possible. There are solar planes that have a structure to support energy for flight during the day and night cycles. Close to the
earth's surface, they are useful for transport and at high altitudes, they are useful for monitoring and measurement applications, therefore they
are managed by numerous research groups and institutions. In addition, it indicates how to choose the essential design parameters of the
aircraft for a specific mission, taking into account the current cutting-edge technologies involved. Solar planes that use both batteries as
energy storage devices and their ability to fly performance by optimizing altitude profiles can be sized and assessed on the basis of various
performance measures. There is the concept of exploring neighboring planets around the earth. Ground robots are used but have limitations.
Therefore, an aircraft that uses solar energy to fly continuously represents a center of interest in this way. The move in this direction was a
sailor project that began in 2004. The goal was to investigate the possibility of solar powered aircraft in the atmosphere of those planets. There
is the result of two years of work on this project. There is also a solar powered aircraft that uses solar energy to electrolyze on board water to
produce hydrogen. All this hydrogen is stored in various tanks on board, making the aircraft lighter than air. Hydrogen has also been used to
operate fuel cells that supply energy for electrical parts, including a propeller engine. More water comes when fuel cell waste is used to make
hydrogen. This type of aircraft does not emit harmful substances and also flies indefinitely. There is only one problem with hydrogen and water
leaks. Adam M. Wickenheiser and EphrahimGarcia discuss in their document the design features of fuel-free air vehicles and their sensitivity
to the different key performance metrics for this class of aircraft. They studied aircraft with rear wings in the range of 3 to 5 m and Reynolds
not in the range of 5 * 105 to 5 * 106. New metrics are shown that are unique to a microwave aircraft and are also useful in the development of
their missions. . These metrics relate to aircraft design, power transmitter for the duration and autonomy of vehicle missions. Furthermore, an
examination of the strong coupling t is discussed
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These planes are called NASA’s Sunny Way and Pathfinder. Solar Impulse is a broader goal and a better alternative. This is a world tour

in 20-25 days. NASA's Pathfinder program has two goals in prototyping Helios. The first is a flight lasting at least 24 hours at altitudes

of about 30,000 meters and at least 24 hours. Our goal is to stay in the air for 20 days. To determine our needs, we need to know the

properties of these two projects. This will be our guide during the project. 11 628 photovoltaic cells in the upper wing and horizontal

plane for the “Solar Impulse” were electrically active during the day.