Referenc Calculation Remarks

e
Med(sagging) = 249.549kNm
Med(hogging) = 277kNm
VEd = 180.1 kN

Section Properties
Try use 406 × 178 × 74

B= 179.5 mm
D= 406.4 mm
d= 360.4 mm
tw= 9.5 mm
tf = 16 mm
r= 10.2 mm
A= 9450 mm2
L= 7200 mm
Ix= 273000000 mm4
Iy= 15500000 mm4
Torsion constant, It= 628000 mm4
Warping constant, Iw= 6.08E+11 mm6
Wel= 1320000 mm3
Wpl= 1500000mm3
E= 210000 N/mm2
G= 80770 N/mm2

EN 1993- Assume Steel Grade = 355 N/mm2

1-1 Table
tf = 16 < 40mm
3.1
fy= 355

Loading:
SW Slab = 3.125 kN/m2
Dead Load = 2 kN/m2
Slab + DL= 23.0625 kN/m
Brickwall= 9.1 kN/m

Live Load= 2kN/m2

Occupancy= 4kN/m2
Partitions= 1kN/m2
Ceiling/Services= 0.5kN/m2

Total DL= 32.1625 kN/m

Total LL= 33.75 kN/m

Section Classification
ε =√ 235/f y

¿ √ 235/355 N /mm2=0.8 1

Flange:
c=(b−t w−2 r )/2
¿(179.5 mm−9.5 mm−2× 10.2 mm)/2
¿ 74.8 mm

c /t f =74.8 mm/16 mm
¿ 4.675< 9 ε=7.3 2
∴Class 1

Web:
c=d−t f −2r
¿ 406.4 mm−16 mmm−2×10. m 2
¿ 370 mm

c /t w =370 mm/9.5 mm
¿ 38.9 5<72 ε=58.5 8
∴Class 1
Check Bending Resistance of steel beam:
 W ply f y
M a , pl , Rd =
γo
EN1993-
1-1 Cl 1500× 355 N /mm2 × 10−3
¿
6.2.5 1
¿ 532.5 kNm> M Ed=249.54 9 kNm

M Ed 249.549
= =0.47<1
M a , pl , Rd 532.5
∴OK

Lateral Torsional Buckling

Lcr = 0.5×7200 = 3600mm
C1 = 1.127

C 1 ❑2 E I z I w L2 G I t
M cr =
L2 (√ +
I z ❑2 E I z )
¿¿¿
¿ 6.83 ×108 Nmm

Wyf y
EN1993-
1-1
λ ¿=
√ M cr

( 1500 ×10 3 mm 3 ) × 355 N /mm2

Clause
6.3.2.2
Eqn 6.56
¿
√
¿ 0.883
6.83 ×10 8 Nmm

Hot-rolled universal beam:

EN1993-
1-1 h/b = 406.4/179.5 =2.26 > 2
Table 6.3 ∴buckling curve = b, α = 0.34
LT
and Table
6.4
∅ ¿ =0.5[1+α ¿ ( λ¿ −0.2 ) + λ¿ 2 ]
¿ 0.5 [ 1+0.34 ( 0.883−0.2 ) +0.34 2 ]
¿ 1.006
 1
ᵡ¿=
∅ ¿ + √ ∅ ¿2− λ¿2
1
¿
1.006+ √1.006 2−0.8832
¿ 0.672

EN1993- fy
1-1 M b , Rd= ᵡ ¿ W y
Clause γ M1
6.3.2.1 3 3 355 N /mm2
Eqn 6.55 ¿( 0.672)(1500 ×10 mm )
1
¿ 357.79 kNm
EN1993-
1-1
Clause M Ed
≤1.0
6.3.2.1 M b ,Rd
Eqn 6.54
249.55 kNm
≤ 1. 0
357.79 kNm
0.7 ≤ 1.0
∴OK

Moment resistance for full shear connection

L
b eff =2 ×0.8 ×
8
¿ 1440 mm
hc = 105 mm
hp = 80 mm

Compressive Resistance of Slab, Rc

0.85 f ck
Rc = × beff ×h c
γc
0.85× 25 kN /mm 2
¿ ×1440 mm ×105 mm
1.5
¿ 2142 kN
 Tensile Resistance of Steel Section, Rs
Rs = fyd × Aa
= 355 N/mm2 × 9450mm2 /103
= 3354.75 kN > Rc = 2142 kN

Rw = fytw (ha – 2tf)

= (355 N/mm2) (9.5mm) [406.5 – 2(16)]
= 1262.66 kN < Rc = 2142 kN

Plastic neutral Axis in the top flange of steel section:

h h
(
M pl , Rd=R s a + Rc c +h p
2 2 )
¿ ( 3354.75 kN ) ( 0. 4062 mm )+( 2142 kN ) ( 1052mm + 80 mm) ×10
−3

¿ 965.5 kNm> M Ed =249.549 kNm

∴OK
Unity Factor = 249.549 kNm /965.5 kNm = 0.26 < 1
EC 4-1-1/
6.6.3.1(1)
Shear Connector Resistance (choose the smallest)
γv = 1.25
Ecm = 30.5 kN/mm2
hsc = 95 mm
d= 19 mm
hsc/d = 5, α = 1
fu = 450 N/mm2

0.29 α d 2 √ f ck Ecm
P Rd=
γv

0.29(1)19 mm2 √( 25 kN /mm2 ) (3 0.5 ×10 3 kN /mm2 )

¿
1.25
¿ 73.133 kN
 d2
0.8 f u π
4
P Rd =
γV
19 mm2
(0.8)(450 k N /mm2) π
4
¿
1.25
¿ 81.66 kN
∴PRd= 73.13 kN

EC 4-1-1
Table 6.2 Strength Reduction Factor for Decking Perpendicular to Beam
nr= 1
b0= 300
EC 4-4-1
Cl.6.6.4.2
Eq. 6.23 0.7 bo (hsc −h p)
k t=
√ nr h p h p
0.7 300 mm ( 95 mm−80 mm )
¿
√ 1 80 mm 80 mm
¿ 0.492<1

The upper limit on kt is depend on the number of shear connectors and the thickness
of the profiled decking, and given by kt = 0.85
PRd = 0.85 × 73.13kN
= 62.16 kN

nr = 2
0.7 bo (hsc −h p)
k t=
√ nr h p h p
0.7 30 0 ( 95−8 0 )
¿
√ 2 80 8 0
¿ 0.35
The upper limit on kt for nr = 2 and ts = 0.9mm is 0.7. Therefore, kt = 0.7.
PRd = 0.7 × 73.13kN
= 51.19 kN
 Longitudinal Shear Force Transfer,Rq
0.8×span = 5760mm
no of ribs = 5760/300 = 19.2 ≈19

Rq (1 stud/rib) = 19 × PRd
= 19 × 62.16 kN
= 1181.11 kN

Rq (2 stud/rib) = 19 × PRd × 2
= 19 × 51.19 kN×2
= 1945.35 kN

EC 4-1-1/ Degree of Shear Connection, n/nf (one stud per rib)

6.6.1.2(3) R
η= q
Rc
1181.11kN
¿
2142 kN
¿ 0.551 4

Minimum Degree of Shear Connection (one stud per rib)

355
η ≥ 1−( )
355
( 1−0.04 L ) ≥ 0.4

355
1−(
355 )
( 1−0.04 [ 7.2 m ] ) =0.29

EC 4-1-
∴ 0.29 < 0.4. Not ok!
1/
6.6.1.2(3) Degree of Shear Connection, n/nf (two stud per rib)
Rq
η=
Rc
19 45.35 kN
¿
2142 kN
¿ 0.9 1

Minimum Degree of Shear Connection (two studs per rib)

355
η ≥ 1− ( )
fy
( 0.75−0.03 L ) ≥ 0.4

1− ( 355
355 )
( 0.75−0.03 [ 7.2 m ] ) =0.538

The actual degree of shear connection of η = 0.9 exceed this limit of 0.5
∴OK!

Moment Resistance for Partial Shear Connection

Consider pairs of shear connectors per rib with a degree of shear connection
η=0.9

M Rd =M a , pl , Rd +η ( M pl , Rd−M a , pl , Rd )
= 965.5 kNm+ 0.5 ( 532.5 kNm−965.5 kNm )
= 1162.9 kNm > MEd = 249.549 kNm
∴OK

Shear Resistance of The Steel Section

fy
V pl , Rd= A
γ a √3 v
f y ×h a × t w
=
γa √ 3
355 N /mm2 × 406.4 mm × 9.5
=
103 × √ 3
= 791.31 kN > VEd = 180.1 kN
∴ OK

Unity factor = 180.1 kN / 791.31 kN = 0.23 < 1

Shear buckling resistance of the uncased web

hw/t > 72×ε/η η=1

hw = ha-2tf
hw = 406.4mm - 2×16mm = 374.4mm

hw/tw = 374.4 mm/9.5mm = 39.41 < 72×ε/η = 58.58

∴ Does not need to check shear buckling resistance!

Moment resistance in the negative (hogging) bending

Use 20 mm diameter of steel bar (S460) at 200mm center which are placed over an
effective slab width.
effective slab width = 0.25×(7200mm×2) = 3600 mm
no of bars = 3600mm / 200mm = 18

Cross sectional area, A= no. of bars × cross section of bars

A=18 π 2 ×(20 mm)2 / 4=5654.87 mm2
tensile resistance reinforcement, Rr = A×steel grade
Rr = 5654.87 mm2×460 N/mm2 / 1000 = 2601.24 kN

Depth of web in compression, yw=d/2+R/2×tw×fy

360.4 mm 2601.24 ×103 N 2
y w= + × 9.5 mm× 355 N /mm
2 2
¿ 565.85 mm>d=406.4 mm

The plastic bending resistance in negative bending is given as follows:

Limiting depth of Class 3 web in compression = 40*tw*ε
40×tw×ε = 40 × 9.5mm × 0.81 = 309.17 mm < d = 406.4 mm

Reduce Compression resistance of web, Rw,rd= min hw×tw×fy

Rw,rd = (309.17mm×9.5mm×355N/mm2) / 1000= 1042.69kN

Rf = 0.5×(A×fy - tw × dw × fy)
Rf = 0.5×(9450 mm2 × 355N/mm2 – 9.5mm × 360.4 mm× 355N/mm2)
= 1069.65kN

Plastic bending resistance of reduced section (PNA in top flange)

Mpl,Rd = 0.5(hc + hp)Rr + hs(Rf + 0.5Rw,ned)
= 0.5(105mm+ 8mm) 2601.24 kN + 406.4mm(1069.65kN + 0.5×1042.69kN)
= 887.18 kNm
Unity Factor = 0.23 < 1

Shear Connection in negative bending

Tensile force in reinforcement is developed over a length of :
2Mpl,Rd,n/(q×b×L ) = 2 × 887.20kNm/( 11.93kN/m2×4.5m × 7.2m) = 4.59m

no. of ribs = 4.59m/ 0.3m = 15.3

Number of ribs position = 15 for shear connectors in pairs
Shear connector resistance = 15 × 2 × PRd = 15 × 2 × 51.19 kN
= 1535.80 kN < Rr = 2601.24 kN

Partial shear connection exists in the negative moment region.

Degree of shear connection = 1535.80 kN / 2601.24kN = 0.59

Reduced negative bending resistance, Mpl,Red,Rd = 0.59 (146.97 kNm) + 646.58 kNm
= 788.6420362 kNm
Modified plastic bending resistance of semi continuous beam = 1224.35kNm > 277
kNm

Transverse Reinforcement Check

Mesh Reinforcement A252
Steel Grade S460

fy = 460 N/mm2
As = 252 mm2/m

Ft = As × fy = 252 mm2/m × 460 N/mm2 = 115.92 kN/m

FL = nr×PRd/2×bo = 2×51.19kN/2×(300mm/1000) = 170.6443 kN/m

tan 𝜃 = Ft/FL= 115.92 kN/m / 170.6443 kN/m = 0.6793 > 0.5

⸫OK

It follows the amount of transverse reinforcement is not acceptable without

considering the beneficial influence of the profiled decking. For pairs of shear
connectors per rib, the effect of end anchorage is included with a minimum
anchorage distance as follows:
k𝜓 (Constant) = 2.5
Thickness steel deck,t = 0.9mm
PPb,Rd = k𝜓×dstud×t×fy/bo
PPb,Rd = 2.5×19mm×0.9mm×355 N/mm2/ 0.3m = 50.59 kN/m

Ft = 115.92 kN/m +50.59 kN/m = 166.51 kN/m

tan 𝜃 = Ft/FL= 166.51 kN/m / 170.64 kN/m = 0.9758 > 0.5

⸫OK
𝜃 = 44.30o

Compression force along the slab

Fc = 0.5×FL/cos𝜃
Fc = 0.5×170.64 kN/m /cos 44.30 o
=119.2101 kN/m

Compressive strength of concrete

fc = 0.6(1 - fck/250)×fck/𝛾c
fc = 0.6(1 – 25N/mm2/250) ×25 N/mm2/1.5
= 9 N/mm2

Compression resistance of slab

fc = fc×hc×s×sin𝜃 = 9 N/mm2 ×105mm × 1000 × 44.30o
= 659.9672 kN/m > 119.2101 kN/m
⸫ OK

A252 mesh is acceptable for this case

Serviceability Limit States
Non-composite stage deflection, δ d
Self-weight of slab and beam qd = 4.5×5.04 kN/m2 × 9.1 kN/m =31.79 kN/m
2.1q d L4
δ d=
384 E a I ay
4
2.1× 31.79 kN /m× ( 7.6 m×10 3 ) ×10−3
¿
384 ×210 N /mm2 ×27300 ×10 4 mm4
¿ 8.15 mm< L/360=2mm

Composite Stage Deflection, δ d

Imposed Load, wi = 7.5 kN/m2
A
r= a
b eff hc
9450 mm2
¿
1 440 mm× 105 mm
¿ 0.062 5

A a (h+h p+ hc )2 beff ×h3c

I c= + + I ay
4 (1+nr ) 12 n
9450 mm2 ( 4 06.4 mm+ 105 mm+ 80 mm )2 1440 mm × ( 80 mm )3
¿ + + ( 27300 ×104 mm 4 )
4 [ 1+ ( 7 ) ( 0.0625 ) ] 12 ( 7 )
¿ 84.8 ×107 mm 4

5 qd L4
δ i=
384 Ea I c

7.5 kN 4
5× 2
× 4.5 m× ( 7.2 ×10 3 mm ) ×10−3
m
=
N
384 × 210 2
× 84.8 ×107 mm 4
mm
¿ 6.6 3mm
The imposed load part of this deflection is 0.44mm

Total Deflection
Construction Stage = 8.15 mm
Imposed Load = 6.63 mm
Total = 14.78 mm < L/250 = 28.8 mm
∴OK
Unity factor = 0.51 < 1

Sensitivity to Vibration
Permanent Loading

Slab and beam = 3.04 kN/m2

Ceiling and services =0.5 kN/m2
10% of imposed load= 0.5 kN/m2
Total= 4.04 kN/m2

I cl=I c × 1.1=84.8 ×10 7 mm 4 × 1.1

¿ 9.33 ×10 8 mm 4

Simplified natural frequency:

5 qd b L 4
δ i=
384 Ea I cl
4
5× 4.04 kN /m 2 × 4.5 m× ( 7.6 × 103 mm ) ×10−3
=
384 ×210 × 9.33× 108 mm 4
= 3.25mm

Natural frequency, f
18
f=
√ δ sw
18
=
√3. 25
= 9.99 > 4Hz
Remarks