Arkin 1

"Drugs and Athletes." Gale Opposing Viewpoints

Online Collection, Gale, 2019. Gale in

Context: Opposing Viewpoints, https://link-gale-

com.db23.linccweb.org/apps/doc/PC3010999324/OVIC?

u=lincclin_sjrcc&sid=OVIC&xid=d72d44eb. Accessed 9 Feb. 2020.

In this article, the author writes about drugs used in sports and the laws for drugs. The

main points of the article are the different drug categories that athletes use. Some drugs are used

like steroids, for better performance, and some are used for recreational, like drugs for fun. The

main argument from the article is how drugs like marijuana, cocaine, and others are illegal and

banned from professional sports. Athletes can be randomly drug tested and if it’s positive, it can

affect the next time they get to play.

This article is useful because it provides valid information on what happens to athletes if

they are drug tested and its positive. It also provides information about how sport leagues

disapprove and don’t want their athletes doing drugs on their team. This information is reliable

because it is published by Gale, a Cengage Company. This source is not biased because it’s not

picking a side on whether drugs are bad for sports, it is giving information on the illegalness of
 Arkin 2

drugs.

This article is helpful to me because now I know that sport leagues disapprove of drug

use on their teams. This is important to my research because if athletic leagues and authorities

don’t allow drug use, then drugs obviously affect the athlete. I can use this source in my research

project by using the information about the illegal drugs and how athletes can get drug tested.

"Drugs and Athletes." Gale Opposing Viewpoints Online Collection, Gale, 2019. Gale in

Context: Opposing Viewpoints, https://link-gale-

com.db23.linccweb.org/apps/doc/PC3010999324/OVIC?

u=lincclin_sjrcc&sid=OVIC&xid=d72d44eb. Accessed 9 Feb. 2020.

In this article, the author writes about drugs used in sports and the laws for drugs. The

main points of the article are the different drug categories that athletes use. Some drugs are used

like steroids, for better performance, and some are used for recreational, like drugs for fun. The

main argument from the article is how drugs like marijuana, cocaine, and others are illegal and

banned from professional sports. Athletes can be randomly drug tested and if it’s positive, it can

affect the next time they get to play.

 Arkin 3

This article is useful because it provides valid information on what happens to athletes if

they are drug tested and its positive. It also provides information about how sport leagues

disapprove and don’t want their athletes doing drugs on their team. This information is reliable

because it is published by Gale, a Cengage Company. This source is not biased because it’s not

picking a side on whether drugs are bad for sports, it is giving information on the illegalness of

drugs.

This article is helpful to me because now I know that sport leagues disapprove of drug

use on their teams. This is important to my research because if athletic leagues and authorities

don’t allow drug use, then drugs obviously affect the athlete. I can use this source in my research

project by using the information about the illegal drugs and how athletes can get drug tested.

This helps shape my argument by giving background knowledge on illegal drugs and drug tests.

Kumar, Divya, and Kathleen Mcgrory. "VAPING BY TEENS SOARS, ALARMING TOP

DOCTOR; A new report from the surgeon general calls the trend a major health

concern." Tampa Bay Times [St. Petersburg, FL], 9 Dec. 2016, p. 1. Gale In Context:

Opposing Viewpoints, https://link-gale-

com.db23.linccweb.org/apps/doc/A473394641/OVIC?

u=lincclin_sjrcc&sid=OVIC&xid=0abff2ef. Accessed 9 Feb. 2020.

In this article, the author wrote about a doctor’s study on vaping and what nicotine does

to the brain. The main argument of the article is that more young adults are smoking e-cigarettes,
 Arkin 4

thinking it is not harmful and better for them than normal cigarettes. The points of the article are

that teen vaping has increased, nicotine is dangerous, and it is harmful to the brain. The surgeons

and doctors have concluded that nicotine and tobacco products can have harmful effects on a

growing teen brain.

This source is useful because it gives insight from doctors on what vaping will do to

teenager in their future life and how it will affect their growing brain. This source is different

from my other sources because nicotine is not an illegal drug. It is legal in the United States, but

vaping is smoking. This source is very reliable because the authors, Kumar and Mcgrory got

their information from surgeons and doctors and published by Tampa Bay Times. This source is

somewhat biased because the underlying message of the article is to show that vaping is bad for

people.

This article is helpful to me because it gives information on other substances, besides

drugs, that are harmful for people and especially for growing kids. This will help shape my

argument by giving me another example on what different kinds of smoking will do to your

body. It is dangerous to health. I can use this source in my research project by providing valid

information from doctors about the damage of vaping to the brain.

Milic, Marija, et al. "Tobacco smoking and health-related quality of life among university

students: Mediating effect of depression." PLoS ONE, vol. 15, no. 1, 2020, p. e0227042.

Gale Academic OneFile, https://link-gale-

 Arkin 5

com.db23.linccweb.org/apps/doc/A610814238/AONE?

u=lincclin_sjrcc&sid=AONE&xid=8087e14f. Accessed 6 Feb. 2020.

The main argument of this article is how smoking affects the healthy lifestyle of student

athletes. The study shows results of smoking with poorer mental health. The main point of the

article is that smoking affects mental health in students and damages their physical health.

Mental and physical health work together and when one is low and not good it brings down the

other. The article is a study of two different universities health of non-smokers and smokers and

the mental and physical health results. The results from the study showed that students who have

never smoked before have a healthier physical life and a better mental health. Students who

smoke have a lower and more depressive mental and physical health.

This article is useful because it gives actual quantitative results of smoking affecting the

mental and physical health of college students. Compared to other articles, this one has more

data and results, which make the source reliable. The information is reliable because it is from

the Public Library of Science. This source is not biased because it is all based on results from the

authors study, which show that smoking does have effects on the health of people. The goal of

this source is to explain the association between smoking and the health quality of life.

This source fits into my research because it is related to the health of students after

smoking and I want to know about the effects smoking and drugs have on the physical activity of

students. This source is helpful to me because I can use it to explain numerically that smoking

does affect a person's body. This article can help me shape my argument by having accurate data.
 Arkin 6

This source made me realize that drugs and smoking can also affect mental health and not just

physical health.

Mudrak, Jiri, et al. "Sport motivation and doping in adolescent athletes." PLoS ONE, vol. 13, no. 10,

2018, p. e0205222. Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints, https://link-gale-

com.db23.linccweb.org/apps/doc/A557683546/OVIC?

u=lincclin_sjrcc&sid=OVIC&xid=2b8a5543. Accessed 12 Feb. 2020.

In this article, by Jiri Mudrak, the author writes about how the percentage of drug use in

adolescent athletes is higher than the percentage of Olympic athletes. The main arguments of the

article are how teens start using drugs under pier influence and pressure, but the effects are not

good. The effects of smoking and using drugs can cause many heart and lung problems. If you

are playing a sport, you need your heart and lungs to function properly to allow muscle to get

enough oxygen.

This is a useful source because it describes different issues any person can have from

drugs and it also shows statistics of teens in sports doing drugs. This source compared to other

sources talks about drug use but also adds sport information in it. This source is reliable because

it was published by the Public Library of Science. The article is not biased because it uses facts,

data, and scientific studies to back up the main points of the article.
 Arkin 7

This source was helpful to me because it showed me the effects of what drug use and

smoking can do to the lungs and hearts of young kids playing sports. It helps me shape my

argument by giving me evidence and statistics of teens in sports smoking. In my research project,

I can use this source to help me describe and warn the readers of my essay about the harmful

effects of smoking drugs.

"Studies from University of California Update Current Data on Adolescent Substance Abuse

(Nicotine Gateway Effects on Adolescent Substance Use)." Mental Health Weekly

Digest, 7 Oct. 2019, p. 780. Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints, https://link-gale-

com.db23.linccweb.org/apps/doc/A601817453/OVIC?u=lincclin_sjrcc&sid=OVIC&xid=

55aa7949. Accessed 10 Feb. 2020.

This article is about news reports of teenage nicotine abuse. With new technology, there

are now electronic nicotine devices that have gotten into the hands of teens. The main argument

is how nicotine impacts a developing brain. The major points made in the article are the harmful

effects of drugs and trying to get teens to stop using nicotine. This article is about medical

concerns from using nicotine substances.

This is a useful source to me because it is talks about the medical concerns with nicotine

abuse. This article compares to my other sources by giving news reports about new concerns for
 Arkin 8

health from vaping and smoking nicotine. The article is from Mental Health Weekly Digest so it

is reliable because it has concerns for health. It is biased because it wants to warn and stop teens

from using nicotine devices and tobacco. The goal of this source is to warn people of the issues

of what drugs and nicotine can do to the brain.

This source fits into my research because I want to go deeper into the studies of the

physical effect’s substance abuse. What will smoking and vaping do to your lungs during

physical activities? This source is helpful because it gives me logical information on substance

abuse.

"Studies from University of California Update Current Data on Adolescent Substance Abuse

(Nicotine Gateway Effects on Adolescent Substance Use)." Mental Health Weekly Digest, 7 Oct.

2019, p. 780. Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints, https://link-gale-

com.db23.linccweb.org/apps/doc/A601817453/OVIC?

u=lincclin_sjrcc&sid=OVIC&xid=55aa7949. Accessed 13 Feb. 2020.

In this article, from Mental Health Weekly Digest, a News Reporter published study

results about drugs used by teenagers. The main point of this article is to inform readers of the

harmful effects to the brain and to the behavior of adolescents. Their brain is still developing so

putting nicotine, vape, or drugs into their system can affect the brain and potentially cause

behavioral change, which can affect the physical health of a teen. One of the main topics of the
 Arkin 9

article is the results from the study on the brain of adolescents who use electronic nicotine

devices.

This is a useful source because it gives data and results from studies that a News reporter

has done. This information is reliable because the author did a study and research to discover the

damage of the brain from nicotine. This source is not biased because it is not trying to persuade

someone to stop using nicotine, it is using research, data, and results to inform readers of the

situation. This compares to my other sources by also using data to inform readers of the

dangerous effects of nicotine chemicals. The goal of this source is to explain how adolescent

brains are still developing and can be damaged by drug use.

The article is helpful to me because I learned what can happen to a person's brain, around

my age, from smoking and abusing nicotine. The effects are harmful and scary. It helps shape

my research because I can go into deeper detail about how the brain gets affected first and then

that can affect behaviors and physical health. This source helped me go deeper into

understanding how drugs, smoking, and vaping effects physical health, by connecting health and

vaping through brain damage. This helps shape my argument by giving background knowledge

on illegal drugs and drug tests.

Wang, Dongshi, et al. "Impact of Physical Exercise on Substance Use Disorders: A Meta-Analysis."

PLoS ONE, vol. 9, no. 10, 2014. Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints, https://link-gale-
 Arkin 10

com.db23.linccweb.org/apps/doc/A418424045/OVIC?

u=lincclin_sjrcc&sid=OVIC&xid=24e33961. Accessed 16 Feb. 2020.

This article is about how there are many people with a substance disorder, whether it is

alcohol or drug use. The main argument of the article is how exercising can help treat substance

use disorders. Scientists and researchers are trying to figure out if exercising more often will

decrease people’s substance use. Physical exercise creates positive effects on getting away from

alcohol, drugs, and smoking.

This source is useful because it is extra information on how exercise is beneficial to all

human beings. Compared to other sources, it is different because it doesn’t talk about how using

drugs will decrease physical health. Instead, it says that increasing exercise will help people use

less drugs. This information is reliable because multiple authors have pier reviewed it and the

article was published from the Public Library of Science. This source is not biased because it is

only saying that exercising might help people addicted to drugs or alcohol and more studies need

to be done.

This source is helpful to me because I realized that physical health and exercising can

work both ways with drugs. Drugs can affect how your physical health is and exercising can

effect a change is substance abuse. This helps shape my argument because exercising increasing

physical health, which will decrease drug use of people. Being physically fit, makes someone

want to be healthy.
 Arkin 11

Wölkart, Gerald, et al. "Effects of flavoring compounds used in electronic cigarette refill liquids on

endothelial and vascular function." PLoS ONE, vol. 14, no. 9, 2019, p. e0222152. Gale In

Context: Opposing Viewpoints, https://link-gale-

com.db23.linccweb.org/apps/doc/A598890593/OVIC?

u=lincclin_sjrcc&sid=OVIC&xid=cfc9f3cd. Accessed 16 Feb. 2020.

This article is about the effects of flavored vape juice from electronic cigarettes on the

vascular system. The main argument is about how researchers are finding vapes and the nicotine

in them harmful to people and the air we breathe. The point the author is trying to get across is

that most people have switched from cigarettes to electronic cigarettes but the chemicals and

substances used in electronic ones are still harmful to the lungs. The author has done his research

to prove that vapes are not better.

This is a useful source because this is new technology that is harmful to our bodies.

Compared to my other sources, this article actually explains how the vapes are clinically bad for

health, especially to our lungs and the air we breathe. This information is reliable because many

authors helped write and research this new issue and it was published by the Public Library of

Science in 2019. This source is not biased because medical results from the authors research and

study back up his claim.

 Arkin 12

This source is helpful to me because I now know that it is medically proven that vapes

are still dangerous to use just like cigarettes. The article helps shape my argument because if

vaping effects the lungs, then doing physical exercise is much harder with a shortness of breath

from the chemicals inside of vapes. I can use this source in my research project because it will

help me argue the point that smoking or vaping damages the lungs and decreases physical

performance and health.

Zaragoza, Javier, et al. "Effects of acute caffeine, theanine and tyrosine supplementation on mental

and physical performance in athletes." Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition,

vol. 16, no. 1, 2019, p. NA. Gale Academic OneFile, https://link-gale-

com.db23.linccweb.org/apps/doc/A607402986/AONE?

u=lincclin_sjrcc&sid=AONE&xid=ce3f604f. Accessed 13 Feb. 2020.

This article is about how some drugs, steroids, or energy boosters could be good for

athletes. The main argument is how using caffeine and theanine can boost speed and agility for

athletes that need to make quick movements. The supplements are tested on college athletes to

see if mental speed and performance improved. According to the results, it did greater improve

athlete’s movement, but only in the time period the supplements were taken and the amount that

was taken.

This source is useful because it is a research study about the benefits of using a

supplement or drug on an athletes mental and physical health in sports. Compared with other
 Arkin 13

sources I used, it is a research study that has tested and collected data on humans and drugs. The

information from this article is reliable because it is from the Journal of the International Society

of Sports Nutrition and published by BioMed Central. This source is somewhat biased because it

does say how using caffeine and theanine will be used more from athletes in sports because it

helps with quick rapid movements. On the other hand, the whole article is based on the results

and data from the research study on physical fitness with supplement treatment.

This source will fit perfectly into my research because I needed a counter argument for

the opposing side of the effects of drugs on physical fitness in sports. This source is helpful to

me because I realized that some treatments can be used for better athletic performance. It helped

me shape my argument because even though these drugs improve speed and performance, it only

works for a certain time period on specific tasks. The study doesn’t explain what effects there

will be if someone overuses the dosage amount because they want better performance. This can

be harmful and dangerous to young athletes.