‫‪FACULTY OF ENGINEERING‬‬

‫‪MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT‬‬

‫‪Strength of Materials LAB‬‬

‫‪ME 312‬‬

‫‪Heat treatment‬‬

‫أعط أو آخذ أية معلومة غير مسموح‬

‫أقسم باهلل العظيم أنه لم ِ‬
‫بها إلعداد هذا التقرير وان هذا التقرير من عملي الخاص‬

‫‪Name‬‬ ‫سليمان خالد خولي‬

‫‪ID #‬‬ ‫‪117457‬‬
‫‪Sec #‬‬ ‫‪#2‬‬
‫‪Dr.‬‬ ‫حازم الزبدة‬
‫‪T.A.‬‬ ‫لينا سمامعة‬
Objectives

.To discuss the quenching types on the hardness of the material -

To discuss the effect of the quenching on the ductility, brittleness, toughness, and hardness -
.(Increasing or Decreasing)

.To get acquainted Heat Treatment process -

Introduction

We use this process (heat treatment) to raising material ductility and hardness by these
presses below, so we do it when we transform between two process .

 Heating:
It used to raising the ductility of material , by putting the material in the oven for a
temperature near the melting temperature of the material ; so for steel (910 0C) , after
do this process we can do a several process to control in hardness .

 Quenching:
It used to raising the hardness of material , the main is face the material suddenly
cooling like take it from oven and put it in water or oil , but when we use this process
the ductility will drop and make the material more brittle , we should know when it
must use .

 Tempering:
It used when we want to balance between ductility and hardness , we do it after
quenching process to make balance , by return the material to oven again at
temperature (2500C) to raise the ductility after using quenching process.

Heat Treatment is often associated with increasing the strength of material, but it

can also be used to alter certain manufacturability objectives such as improve
machining, improve formability, restore ductility after a cold working operation.
Thus it is a very enabling manufacturing process that can not only help other
manufacturing process, but can also improve product performance by increasing
strength or other desirable characteristics.

Steels are particularly suitable for heat treatment, since they respond well to heat
treatment and the commercial use of steels exceeds that of any other material.
Steels are heat treated for one of the following reasons:

1
Softening
.

2 Hardening
.

3
Material Modification
.
Data discussion

As recived 7.3
Annealed 13.2
Quenched by air 23.4
Quenched by oil 36.3
Quenched by water 61.2
Quenched by water and tempering 51.7
Table1

:Question 1

?The specimens are heated to 950 ºC, why do we use this temperature

we heat the steel to 9500C because this is near to melting temperature, where steel become red
color and the propriety of ductility for material raising, finally at this temperature the
.recrystallization accrues

:Question 2

According to hardness values in table 1, discuss the quenching types on the hardness of the
.material

 As you see the largest hardness number when we use water to cooling in this
quenching process after exit the specimen from oven
 Then hardness number be less than water when put it in oil suddenly after heating it.
 When cooling it slowly by using air (at room temperature) it’s hardness number is
less than both water and oil.
 Note if we need larger hardness number we must do speed cooling after heat the
specimen.
 Finally, as we increase the cooling rate (quenched by (water>oil>air)) the hardness
of material is increased.

Question 3:
Regarding material microstructure, what do you expect about the grain size of the
specimens in table 1?

now when we take about size grain we should study the strength of specimen

[бy=б0 +(k/sqrt(d))]

Бy: yield stress

Б0, k (strengthening coefficient): material constant.

d: average grain size.

When interaction between dislocation as the grain size and reduce their gliding through the
lattice the small grain size perform and it will be less (d) of the large grain so more strength.

Question 4:

As a result, discuss the effect of the quenching on the ductility, brittleness, toughness, and
hardness (Increasing or Decreasing).

Effect of the quenching on the ductility: decrease with increase cooling rate

Effect of the quenching on the brittleness: increase with increase cooling rate

Effect of the quenching on the toughness: decrease with increase cooling rate

.Effect of the quenching on the hardness: increase with increase cooling rate

Question 5:

:Annealing

It’s a heat treatment that convert the chemical and physical properties to control the
ductility and the hardness of the material by heating a material above its recrystallization
.temperature and then waiting it to cool at long time

:Normalizing

Heated the steel to the austenite phase and then cooling in the room temperature we

:Quenching

is the rapid cooling of the materials, to obtain certain material properties this rapid cooling
occur in the water, oil and the air

:Tempering

It's used to increase the toughness of the materials and its happen when we heating the
temperature below the critical point for a certain period of time, then allowing it to cool in
.still air

:Hardening
its heating a material to a specific temperature a then keeping it at an appropriate
temperature until all pearlite is transformed into austenite and quenching it in water or oil

:Spheroidizing

 heat treatment material modification process that is used to convert granular

structures of the material into a spheroidal form which is Increases ductility of high
carbon steel, and machinability.

Conclusion:

We can change the properties of material like ductility, hardness and toughness by using Heat
treatment.