Rizal in Dapitan

1. Why was Rizal deported to Dapitan in 1892?

- Because of the confiscated reading materials. He published books and articles in other countries criticizing the mother
Spain.
- There was found a bundle of leaflets entitled Pobres Frailes;
- His novel El Filibusterismo was dedicated to the memory of three traitors, and on the title page he wrote that the
Philippines must be separated from Spain;

2. How did Rizal demonstrate community leadership and practical nationalism as an exile in Dapitan?
- As an exile, he did not forget his high sense of honor, and the importance of good conduct and behavior. He also
demonstrated values of obedience, self-control, and discipline.
- Father Sanchez – his former teacher at Ateneo Municipal helped him remodeled the town Plaza
- Construct a huge relief map of Mindanao out of stones, earth, and grass.
- He conceptualized and implemented plans for beautifying the town, constructed a water system, and facilitated the
putting up of lamp posts at every corner of the town.
- He also opened a school for free which was attended by 16 young boys following the Atenean system of education,
which centered on both academic and vocational pursuits.
- Dona Teodora, with Trining, had also traveled to Dapitan in order to have her eyes operated.
- His experiences in Dapitan led him to conclude that self-improvement and community development are very vital in
the achievement of national integrity and good governance.
3. What were Rizal’s accomplishments as an exile in Dapitan?
- Rizal in Dapitan has become:
a. The first to introduce social and environmental engineering;
b. The first rural doctor;
c. The first professional to engage in business;
d. The first practitioner of town planning and beautification;
e. The first to introduce the principles of livelihood and self-reliance programs;
f. The first to show the way to community development;
g. The first ophthalmic surgeon sought by patients from foreign lands;
h. The first to set up a precursor of the modern community school, with himself as the first community teacher;
i. The first systematic collector of the Philippine shells, butterflies, and reptiles, and other fauna and flora in
Mindanao;
j. The first sanitary engineering and public health work; and
k. The first Filipino doctor with a social conscience, who charged fees according to the patient’s ability to pay

Last Days of JR (Trial and Execution)

4. What evidences were used by the Spanish authorities to charge Rizal with the crime of complex rebellion through
illegal association?
- Evidences that were used against Rizal was 15 documentary exhibits and 13 testimonies.

5. Why was Rizal’s trial a clear case of mistrial?

- Evidences used by the military court were not sufficient to warrant to accuse Rizal of being guilty and the imposition
of death penalty
- As testified by Pio Valenzuela, Rizal was against rebellion and he had not written a letter addressed to the Katipunan
comprising revolutionary elements
- Without his knowledge, his name was used by the Katipunan; if he really was guilty, he could have escaped while he
was in Singapore. If he was really the leader of the revolution, the revolutionists should have consulted him.
- He did not deny that he wrote the by-laws of the La Liga Filipina, but to make things clear, the organization was a
civic association, not a revolutionary society. If the La Liga was reorganized nine months later, he had no idea about
it

6. How did Rizal spend his last 24 hours on earth?  In your opinion, how did Rizal’s death influence the history of our
nation?
- Rizal spent his last 24 hours in his death cell with his family members visiting him and he also wrote letter to his
family and to his best friend. Dr. Jose Rizal’s death influences the history of our nation by opening our eyes to the
reality that we were abused by the colonizers and we were taken for granted in the past because of the lack of
education and knowledge of the Filipinos. He showed the importance of education that will help us to be free.
a A letter of Antonio Luna to Mariano Ponce, dated Madrid, October 16, 1888, showing Rizal’s connection with the
Filipino reform campaign in Spain
b A letter of Rizal to his family, dated Madrid, August 20, 1890, stating that the deportations are good for they will
encourage the people to hate tyranny.
c A letter from Marcelo H. del Pilar to Deodato Arellano, dated Madrid, January 7, 1889, implicating Rizal in the
Propaganda campaign in Spain.
d A poem entitled Kundiman, allegedly written by Rizal in Manila on September 12, 1891.
e A letter of Carlos Oliver to an unidentified person, dated Barcelona, September 18, 1891, describing Rizal as the
man to free the Philippines from Spanish oppression.
f A Masonic document , dated Manila, February 9, 1892 honoring Rizal for his patriotic services.
g A letter signed Dimasalang to Tenluz (Juan Zulueta’s pseudonym), dated Hongkong, dated May 24, 1892, stating
that he was preparing a safe refuge for Filipinos who may be persecuted by the Spanish authorities
h A letter of Dimasalang to an unidentified committee, dated Hongkong, June 1, 1892, solicitating the aid of
committee in the “patriotic work”.
i An anonymous and undated letter to the Editor of Hongkong Telegraph, censuring the banishment of Rizal to
Dapitan.
j A letter of Ildefonso Laurel to Rizal, dated Manila, September 3, 1892, saying that the Filipino people look up to
him (Rizal) as their savior.
k A letter of Rizal Segundo, dated Manila, September 17, 1893, informing an unidentified correspondent of the arrest
and banishment of Doroteo Cortes and Ambrosio Salvador.
l A letter of Marcelo H. del Pilar to Don Juan Tenluz, dated Madrid, June 1, 1893 recommending the establishment
of a special organization, independent of Masonry, to help the cause of Filipino people.
m Transcript of a speech of Pingkian (Emilio Jacinto), in a reunion of the Katipunan on July 23, 1893, in which the
following cry was uttered “Long live the Philippines! Long live Liberty! Long live Doctor Rizal! Unity!
n Transcript of a speech of Tik-Tik (Jose Turiano Santiago) in the same Katipunan reunion, wherein the Katipuneros
shouted: “Long live the eminent Doctor Rizal! Death to the oppressor nation!”
o A poem by Laong Laan, entitled A Talisay, in which the author makes the Dapitan schoolboys sing that they know
how to fight for their rights.