SECTION 2 MATERIALS

Structural Steel: The provisions in this section are applicable to steels commonly used in
steel construction. If steel is not supported by mill test results then those can be used in
unimportant members, where their properties would not affect the performance
requirements of the members and the structure as a whole. However, such steels may be
used in structural system after confirming their quality by carrying out appropriate tests.
Rivets: This shall be manufactured from steel conforming to IS 7557, IS 2062 provided that
the steel meets the requirements given in IS 1148.
Bolts, Nuts and washers: These shall conform to IS1363, IS 1364, IS 1367, IS 3640, IS 3757,
IS 4000, IS 5369, IS 5370 IS 5372, IS 5374, IS 5624, IS 6610, IS 6623, IS 6639 and IS 6649.

SECTION 3 GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

The objective is to achieve an acceptable probability that structures will perform
satisfactorily for the intended purpose during the design life. Also structure should be stable
and have alternate load paths to prevent disproportionate overall collapse under accidental
loading. Structures and its elements shall normally be designed by the limit state method.
Where the limit states method cannot be conveniently adopted then working stress design
shall be used.
For design purpose, dead load, imposed load, wind load, earthquake load, erection load,
accidental loads and loads due to secondary effects with partial safety factors and
combinations shall be considered. Load combinations for design purposes shall be those
that produce maximum forces and effects and consequently maximum stresses and
deformations.
Types of elements
Internal elements: These are elements attached along both longitudinal edges to other
elements.
Outside elements or outstands: These are elements attached along only one of the
longitudinal edges to an adjacent element, the other being free to displace out of plane.
Tapered elements: These may be treated as flat elements having average thickness as
defined in SP 6 (Part 1).
In designing the steel frame work of a building, provision shall be made to effectively
transmit all the horizontal forces to the foundations, giving due allowance for the stiffening
effect of the walls and floors. To resist torsional effects of wind and earthquake forces,
bracings in plan should be provided and integrally connected with the longitudinal and
transverse bracings to impart adequate torsional resistance to the structure. In buildings
where high speed travelling cranes are supported or where a building or structure is
otherwise subjected to vibration or sway then triangulated bracing or rigid portal systems
shall be provided to reduce the vibration or sway to an acceptable limit.
Earthquake forces are proportional to the seismic mass. Earthquake forces should be
applied at the centre of gravity of all such components of mass and their transfer to the
foundation should be ensured.