213

R T
U NH Y D R OE SP T RR
A TE I SC S U R E

F l a t t- w daa l t l t ne d muh ke c he s a dn i eis ac oda vrl a l n syt a g aeh o u u s af lsrp eeo

h y d r po sr t eoa ts iTns c q u lu r oa ehm y n a t .r t i eete qfry uri e ia cf rlt otae n diga u l nr a
h it fg c h hy l ie vaon dre o r t sin sc s ra c l e aa h lp H as m
oc w fsi e ote e m
y v t .e ea t r pi , mp h el s
t o r i e c t tao n i ga p unr l neaf fbr ek e r o ac ts b a les heu f as eab er aii cst f a gr t i yno onh
u t i l o i s z a p t i ao n c e f .

M A XS I MI U MZ E
U n s t ti f m f a e b n n ne l d a kat 3or s c h fgy a eet at uw
r a t snn t ni i0 f .f1ke. cdtn i s n u gh4 s
f c a e p a ce i t ty .
F l at oart u gn o s ek rrh rsis t a o,d vafe i eed s cf ay o rbso nel s oea ms ior cn s .

R O
A S T I I D O E F S
I a s a i e l dqt l r u e efo al o hsn s l e gB ,=i @tn e ;d hw eV
f h=e v : e o c f lr u e um t
P r e rf e aLr a tosb l in1ei Bog Sd :e h .ser o : ( r: i )tB5 e;. d r 6 e6 7

D E S I G N
T f o r oh mt uf ol lea phl s o a aw bni gen oa g m r e sa s xa e li e l m
d do euwnf m
al eb c l t
L =t w t dh # e te nt hro i, ot cseh iek d. ns e e- pse l s a t ef .
V ao ~ a l un e d s / f 3

Ratio,~ or; 0.25 0.2$6 0.333 0.4 0.5 0.667

(lmstant,~ - 0.024 0.031 0.041 0.056 0.080 0.116
Constant,cr 0.00027 0.00046 0.00083 0.0016 0.0035 0.0083
Ratio,~ or? 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
Constant,/3 0.16 0.26 0.34 0.38 0.43 0.47 0.49
Constant,a 0.022 0.043 0.060 0.070 0.078 0.086 0.091
h eo t i L =ga l h eo nt t n I f =gka m t a n hdx ii f bskm te u sa t mun w pc e pe eo

W E LO PD IL
E N A
D
G T
G F EE S
Somepreferable welded joints of plate edges:

T
w
s t i f
e a l m
m
LL
hf eb na i t n eatgt sta tc hwy eaehe d abi in nt o t leeh rk o mec li ot rnt et yn i t n
d b pi n nli a g ano o cds u y eit e s dd i ed er .
u

B I B L I O G R A P H Y
O d t me h e sa ot ei hf i gt rof fr ndeo lsrp l h eao e dw
p i en ne r g s :
V o j 1t A a Ss z at a Dk. r e, f e oln Re.s e: c c ts t i a do n ng u l af r
3

K
214
RECTANGUI.AR TANKS
UNDER HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE
WITH TOP-EDGE STIFFENING
NOTATION
= factordependingon ratioof lengthand heightof tank,H/L (SeeTable)
2 = modulusof elasticity,psi.;30,000,000forcarbonsteel
G = spectlcgravityof liquid
H= height of tank, in
I =
1 = maximumdistancebetweensupports,inches
L = length of tank, riches
R = reactionwithsubscriptsindicatingthe location,lb./in.
s = stressvalueof plate,psi.as tabulatedin Code,TablesUCS-23
t = required plate thickness, inches
t. =
t~ =
t* = thicknessof bottom, inches
w = load perunit of length lb./in.
Y = deflection of plate, inches
REQUIRED PLATE THICKNESS

‘=’-
/
B T h i tc m k bn u e as asf s , t l e y os
b op ti i l et aosn um tti r i ef r fa
s u p p o r t e d .
,.Dl_ ‘
T h i cf s k bn hi e n s cas i r, el a sl
c o r s r e o r s vi vi ec e .
M a dx e i f om l pe uc l m t i a o nt
a 0 G. 0H 3 L
=
H

6 ] ~ S T I F FF E NR I N AG M
0.036 Gl% R, = 0.3w
w=
2 Rz = 0.7W
~
Minimumrequiredmomentof inertia
for top-edgestiffening:
w H
I
= W2Eta
~ -
B O P T LT OA M T
W S H
U P P EBO BR TN E E DA

“ = *
M a sx pi o m
sa uuc fp m
i ap n o g r
g t i h i ov cb k oe n t e n st s o m
I B
4 I 1 ~
‘ 1 G. ” 4 ’ .
1
 215

R E C T A N G U L TA R A N K S
E X A M P L E S

D E D S IA G TN A
C a op t a t c 6ia gth ny a= 8 0c kl ff e al p: p o r 0uo txn i m a0 t . e l. y
C o nw t G a e= 1 nt t e : r ;
T s o a c i hu b e dt- s f he ta ae pd fe e d nocs h ai pg k~ a n r c=ee4 i d tf y . : 3t
P r e p f r eo rpo sro er i td i d o n e s f :
L = 4.31 x 1.5 = 6.47 ft. = 78 inches
H = 4 x . . = 2 6 f 3 = . 3 6 i 1 8nt 7 c 7 h . e 4 s
W o it t d 4 athf = .h5 n i f e3nt k c 1 h . e 2 s
s = 1 3u 7S s 2 5 C im 0 a n ,8t eg r A i 5 a l
C o r a r l ol so 1 w i 6 ioa n c /e : n 1 .
HIL = 34178 = 0.43; /3 = 0.063

R E Q PU I LT R H E A
I DC K
T N E S S

10.063 X134x 10.036 x 1

t= 78 = 0.18 in

+0.0625 corr. allow = 1/4in.

S T I F FF E NR I N AG M E

0.036 X 1 X 342 = R = 0.3 x 20.808 = 6.24 lb/in

w. 20.808 lbiin Ri = 0.6 X 20.808 = 14.57 lb/in
2 2
6.24 X 784
= 0.214 in4
~min= 192 x 3Q000,000 x 0.l~T5

1-3/4 x 1-3/4 x 3/16 (.18 in4)satisfactoryfor stiffeningat the top of the tank

B O P T LW
T OSA HUM PT P EBOE BR TN E E DA M Y S
i n u o bm =eb4 1 =ea2 if r mn f cs h ; e 6 s
lb =
L 2 5 4 k 0 4 i “= 1 n’ 6 ’
O u t sp t i l h h inOa c r ka.g tc n 1ae e le s8ac su 7btl am5o t ae sv dx h ei m,
s p f as uc p i po n o gr t sr :

IB=
1=4x0
.187’m “
216

RECTANGULAR TANKS
WITH VERTICAL STIFFENINGS

N O T A T I O N

P = F ad e c p o et nn o d lr i r aena gheight,lf/1
t n i g on t f h d
(SeeTableon page 213)
E= m o o ed l ua ps l t ui c ss i t y f i, .
If = heightof tank inches
I = momentof inertia,inq
= specificgravityof liquid
?= the maximumdistancebetweens[iffcnings
on the longeror shortersideof [hc t i a n nc h k e ,s .
L = l eo t n i a g n nt c h kh fe, s
s = s vt or ap epl l s a u s s t e e i f , .
t = r e pq ut lhi i r ica ek n dnt e=c sa e sh pc, e t t lh s iu ica aka n nt l e c s e sh
9 .
9 -

“ ; ’ ~ l ” : : l l ! ! ! ! A
1
L

R E Q PU I LT R H E AI DC K
T N E S S

t = ’ r

L O l A b D /S ,i n

~ 0 . 0 3 6 =G0.3W
R, =H 2 Rz = 007W
2
—...
S T I F FF E NR I N AG M E

R e qs ue mi c ro t oe dvi d ue o s rl nt tui if s fc e a nf l i n g

0 . 0 6 4 2GH31
. 0 . 0 3 6
z=
s

M i rn ei m
q m u ou oi mmr ee d n t f

Iti~ = ‘1 ‘4
192 E t.
 217

R E C T A N T
G U LA A R N K S
W V IE R S TTT II FC F
H AE NL I N G S
E X A M P L E S

D E D S IA G TN A

E = 30,000,000 psi
L = 78 i Content:Water
n
H= 34 in G=l
B = 52 i n
s = 13570psi HI! = : = 1.31: /3= 0.22
1 = 26 in

R E Q PU I LT R H E A
I DC K
T N E S S

0.22 X 34 X 0.036 X 1 = o ~15 in

t= 26 X .
1 3 7 5 0

+0.0625 corr. a = l 3/16 i l o w n

S T I F FF E NR I N AG M E

0.0642 X 0,036 X 1 X 343 x 26

z = = 0,172 in3
13750

2 x 2 x 3/16 (.19 in3)satisfactoryfor verticalstiffening

w= 0.036x 1X342 =2081b,in

. ~1 = 0.3 x 20.8 = 6.24
2

I = 6.24 X 784
X X =
218

RECTANGULAR TANKS
Under Hydrostatic Pressure
WITH HORIZONTAL STIFFENINGS

NOTATION
E = modulusof elasticity,psi.; 30,000,000tor carbon steel
G= SpeCifiC
gravityof liquid
H= heightof tank,in
I = momentof inertia,in.4
L = l eo t an n kg , it n ch h ef s
P = pressureof liquid,psi.
R = r e wa sc u t i b i s noc td rnt i i kcp hatx tsl it h bn i g . o / ne i , n .
s = stressvalueof plate,psi.
t = requiredplatethickness,inches
t. =

S P A
O C I N G F
S T I F F E N I N G SHI = 0.6H H2 = 0.4H

0.036 GH
T H I C K N E S S 1 = 0.3
s—

w = 0.036 GH2
L } Ob . A / i Dn .2

R1 = 0.06 w Rz = 0.3 W Rz = 0.64 w

M r m o i
f t s
11= RI L4
O I N EF R T OI F A 1R E ta
9 2
S T I F F E N I N G
M i nr ei qm
m u u o i om i rm en e de n r t t
f i n t e ro m
s et di i f a frt e n i n g
Rz L’
1 =— 2
192 E to
 219
R T E
W I H S N
E
DESIGN DATA
Designed Capacity= 1,000gallon = 134cu. ft. (approx.)
Content: water
s = 13750psi., using SA285 C material
Corrosion allowance = 1/16in.
The side ofacube-shaped tank forthe designed capacity: 3~~= 5.12 ft.
Preferred proportion of sides:
width = 0.667 x 5.12 = 3.41 ft; a p 4 ip rn oc x h . e 2 s
L = 1.500 X 5.12 = 7.68 ft; approx. 92 inches
H= 5.12 ft; approx. 60 inches

For h 6 i i n s. , r

SPACING OF STIFFENINGS:

H1 = 0 H =36 i . Hzn = 60.4H = 24 in.

.

REQUIRED PLATE THICKNESS:

t = 0.3 x 60 0.036 X 1 X 60 = o.2X ~ .

13,750

+ 0.0625 corr. allow = 5/16 in.

LOADS:

w= 0.036 X 1 X 602 = ~ .~ ~b,k

2
RI = 0.06 w = 3 l .b / Rz8 =i 0.3 wn =
9 19.44
l lb/in

MINIMUM MOMENT OF INERTIA FOR STIFFENINGS:

3 X 9 .: 8 2 9 4
11 = = 0.4690 in4
1 x 30,000,000
9 x 0.25 2
19.44 x 924
12 =
192 X 30,000,000 X 0.25 = 0“967 ‘4
220

T R IS UOP -E P O
D R T
F R E C TO A N T G U LR AA R N K S
U Hn y d d r Po ser t ea r ts i sc u r e

T a t v u o o h h is esto i df a f t e snve i ofn ilyg h s t d,a ma er b es n sug pa fk pe os

m e c o n o bms t i rc a tl ol y i d sy e .
N O T A T I O N S
A= R e qc us r ie rc ao et o id s or n s a e l a f
t r s i o i qd n e , . .
a = h o r ip z iio n t t a c l n h , .
b = v e pr tii i t c ca n l h , .
G s p g e rc o lia f vi = i i qc t u y i *f d
P= p r oe l s i sl qu ru e i b d f , .
?‘
s s vt or ar em l a s= tp uoes r e si af dl4 i , 4 . + +
= r e qp ut lhi i r cai e k dnt e s en s* , .
; = s vt o r ap em ll a sP pt ua es r et i fas e l , i

R E Q U I R E D
P L A T when
E a- b t = 0.7~
V
T H I C K N E S S P

L O O A D N
P=ab 0.036 Gh
T R I O E D

R E Q CU I R R E O D S S
S E C T A I O NR A L E A A = %
O T R I O F E D

E X A M P L E
D E D S IA G TN A
L e n f g wt hi t 2=fd 3h t 0 .e th 5i f =g , .hl t t= , l .
a = 6 i n = 60 in 0 .
hl
b = 6 i n 0 .
G= 1 hz = 120 in
S = 20,000 psi.
S = 2 0J , s0 0 i 0 . 15’
Sp= 20,000 psi

t = 0.7 x 60
0 x. 1 x 0120 3 6
20,000
= 0.625 = 5/8 in. plate
P =a b 0 . =0 6 03 x 66 0Gx *0h . 02 3 61 x 1 25l 0 = , 5 b5 2 .

A = 1 5= 0 , s . 5i = 175Z r q2 7 n o 8 .d . $ s
20,000
PI = ab0.036Gh1 = 60x60x0.036x60= 7,776 lb.

Al = 7,776 = om389Sq.in. = 3/4 # rods

20,000
 l I.
—

C
Vesselsor parts of vesselssubject to thinningby corrosion,erosionor mechanical
abrasion shall have provisionmade for the desired life of the vesselby suitable
increase in the thickness of the material over that determined by the design
formulas,or by using some other suitablemethod for protection(code LJC-25bi).
The tie does not prescribethe magnitudeof corrosionallowanceexceptfor vessels
with a requiredminimumthicknessof less than 0.25in. that are to be used in steam,
water or compressedair seMce, shallbe providedwith corrosionallowanceof not less
than one-sixthof the required minimumthickness.The sum of the requiredminimum
thicknessand corrosionallowanceneed not exceed1/4in. This requirementdoes not
apply to vessel parts designed with no x-ray examinationor seamlessvessel parts
designedwith0.85joint efficienq. (Code UCS-25).
Forothervesselswhenthe rateof corrosionis predictable,thedesiredlifeof thevessel
will determinethe corrosionallowanceand if the effectof the corrosionis indetermi-
nate, thejudgmentof the designer.A corrosionrateof 5 roilsperyear(1/16in. = 12
years) is usually satisfactoryfor vessels and piping.
The desired life time of a vessel is an economicalquestion. Majorvesselsare
usually designedfor longer (15-20 years) operating life time, while minor vessels
for shorter time (8-10 years).

The corrosionallowanceneed not be the samethicknessfor all parts of the vessel if

differentrates of attack are expectedfor the variousparts (Code UG-25c).
Thereare severaldifferentmethodsfor measuringcorrosion.The simplestwayis the
use of teltaleholes (Code UG-25 e) or corrosiongauges.
Vesselssubjectto corrosionshall be suppliedwith drain-opening(Code UG-25 f).
All pressurevessels subject to iintemal corrosion,erosion, or mechanicalabrasion
shall be providedwith inspectionopening(CodeUG-46).
To eliminatecorrosion,corrosionresistantmaterialsare usedas liningonly,or forthe
entire thicknessof the vessel wall.
The rules of liningare outlinedin the Codein Part UCL,ApendixF and Par. UG-26.
The vessel can be protected against mechanicalabrasion by plate pads which are
welded or fastenedby other meansto the exposedarea of the vessel.
In vesselswherecorrosionoccurs, all gaps and narrowpockets shall be avoided by
joining parts to the vessel wall with continuousweld.
Internalheads may be subjectto corrosion,erosionor abrasionon both sides.
222

SELECTION OF CORROSION RESISTANT MATERIALS

T t a i bnh f uo ro l mt aaef t or i lo pnlh oi a w a in gt ne tg e e am

s ps n t

Footnotes have been generously used to explain and further clarify information con-
tained in this table. It is most important that these notes be carefully read when using
the table.

In rating materials, the letter “A” has been used to indicate materials which are
generally recognized as satisfactory for use under the conditions given. The letter “F”
signifies materials which are somewhat less desirable but which may be used where a low
rate of corrosion is permissible or where cost considerations justify the use of a less
resistant material. Materials rated under the letter “C” may be satisfactory under certain
conditions. Caution should be exercised in the use of materials in this classification
unless specific information is available on the corroding medium and previous experience
justifies their use for the service intended. The letter “X” has been used to indicate
materials generally recognized as not acceptable for the service.

Information on metals has been obtained from the International Nickel Company,
the Dow Chemical Company, the Crane Company, the Haynes-Stellite Company,
“Corrosion Resistance of Metals and Alloys” by McKay & Worthington, “Metals and
Alloys Data Book” by Samuel L. White, “Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering” and
“The Chemical Engineers’ Handbook,” Third Edition by McGraw-Hill.

-
a
H o sw ge vo ar es uar m
c , cd er s ees f s u l el

a c
per and

a e l e c con nt dry ui c c t dai vl i t y .

—
)
 223

by any
i c h e sm i t c to a6a170F
l lbut,
bs y being
l a plastic,
e it is not recommended
unless confined a

* Sources of D A -a A r tm s at C
r -: o n g D-
E - & J - P .
S- U-
”