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04-01
The control of Legionella, hygiene, ‘safe’ hot
water, cold water and drinking water systems
Part F: Chloramination of water supplies
December 2011
SHTM 04-01 Part F: Chloramination of water supplies
Contents
page
Acknowledgements ..........................................................................................4
Preface ...............................................................................................................5
About Scottish Health Technical Memoranda .....................................................5
Structure of the Scottish Health Technical Memorandum suite ..........................6
1. Methodology ...........................................................................................9
1.1 Aim of this SHTM .....................................................................................9
1.2 Factors examined.....................................................................................9
1.3 Case studies undertaken..........................................................................9
1.4 Review questions .....................................................................................9
1.5 Abbreviations ......................................................................................... 10
2. Introduction .......................................................................................... 11
2.1 General .................................................................................................. 11
2.4 Secondary disinfection ........................................................................... 11
2.12 Chloramination – possible risks?............................................................ 12
2.14 Chloramination – advantages and disadvantages.................................. 13
4. Chemistry of chloramination............................................................... 16
4.1 Basic Chemistry ..................................................................................... 16
4.2 Definitions .............................................................................................. 16
4.4 Chloramination – a Brief Summary ........................................................ 16
7. Recommendations ............................................................................... 36
7.1 Communication ...................................................................................... 36
7.2 Monitoring Water.................................................................................... 36
7.3 Dialysis Equipment................................................................................. 36
7.4 Distribution Infrastructure ....................................................................... 36
7.6 Education and Notification...................................................................... 37
References....................................................................................................... 38
Disclaimer
Acknowledgements
Preface
The core suite of eight subject areas provides access to guidance which:
Some subject areas may be further developed into topics shown as -01, -02 etc
and further referenced into Parts A, B etc.
All Scottish Health Technical Memoranda are supported by the initial document
Scottish Health Technical Memorandum 00 which embraces the management
Version 1: December 2011 Page 6 of 41
Health Facilities Scotland, a Division of NHS National Services Scotland
SHTM 04-01 Part F: Chloramination of water supplies
Some variation in style and structure is reflected by the topic and approach of
the different review working groups.
Executive summary
Background information
Chloramine is increasingly replacing chlorine as the secondary disinfectant in
water treatment systems primarily because it produces fewer dangerous
disinfection by-products. Chloraminated water is already being introduced
within some regions of Scotland and it is envisaged that most NHS Boards in
Scotland will soon confront a change in their water supply disinfection regime.
This guidance provides information on the likely impact of the change backed
up by relevant case studies.