National Institute of Technology, Rourkela

Department of Electrical Engineering

Real-Time Systems Laboratory (EE 674), Spring 2014-15

Submitted by –

Dayakar B Daya (214EE3228)

Sudipto Ghosh (214EE3229)

Oindrilla Chakraborty (214EE3231)

Kiran Patel (214EE1179)

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 CONTENTS

1. Task 1
a) Simulation of regulated power supply to generate 5volt 3-8

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 TITLE: - SIMULATION OF REGULATED POWER SUPPLY TO
GENERATE 5 volts

AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT:-

The aim of the experiment is to design the regulated power supply to generate 5 volts and simulate it in proteus
software.

BILL OF MATERIAL/EQUIPMENT REQUIRED:-

S. NO. COMPONENTS REQUIRED QUANTITY SPECIFICATION

1. Transformer 1 230V/12V
2. Diodes 4 1N4001
3. Capacitors 3 470uF,0.1uF,0.33uF
4. Voltage regulator 1 LM7805

SOFTWARE USED: -

The software used for simulation of the regulated power supply is Proteus Design Suite version 8.

SUMMARY OF DATASHEET:-
IC LM7805:
1. KEY FEATURES:-
 Output current upto 1A
 Output Voltage : 5V
 Thermal Overload Protection
 Short circuit protection
 Output Transistor Safe Operating Area Protection
2. PIN DIAGRAM:-

1. INPUT
LM
7805 2. GROUND

3. OUTPUT

1 2 3

Figure 1

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 3. TYPICAL DEVICE PERFORMANCES:-

4. MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM REQUIREMENT OF VOLTAGE, CURRENT, TEMPERATURE AND

ANY OTHER DEVICE CHARACTERISTICS:-
SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN. TYP. MAX. UNIT
Vo Output Voltage TJ=+250C 4.80 5.00 5.20 V
IO=5mA to 1A,PO ≤ 15W, 4.75 5.00 5.25
VI = 7V to 20V
IQ Quiescent current TJ=+250C 5 8 mA
VN Output Noise Voltage f=10H to 100kHz, 42 uV
TA=+250C
RR Ripple Rejection f=120Hz,VI=8V TO 18V 62 73 dB
VDROP Dropout Voltage TJ=+250C, IO=1A 2 V
RO Output Resistance f=1kHz 15 mohm
ISC Short circuit current TJ=+250C 230 mA
IPK Peak current TJ=+250C 2.2 A

5. APPLICATION INFORMATION:-
There is variety of applications such as-
 Load regulation

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  Ripple rejection
 Fixed output regulator
U1
7805

INPUT 1 3
OUTPUT
Vin Vo
GND

2
CI Co
0.33uF 0.1uF

Figure 2

 Constant current regulator

 High current voltage regulator
 High output current with short circuit protection
 Tracking voltage regulator
 Split power supply ( + 15V - 1A)
 Switching regulator

THEORY: -
A regulated power supply can convert an unregulated ac (alternating current or voltage) to a constant dc (direct
current or voltage). A regulated power supply is used to ensure that the output remains constant even if the input
changes. A regulated DC power supply is also called as a linear power supply, it is an embedded circuit and
consists of various blocks. The regulated power supply will accept an ac input and give a constant dc output.

The basic building blocks of a regulated dc power supply are as follows:

1. A step down transformer

2. A rectifier

3. A DC filter

4. A regulator

The IC LM 7805 is a three terminal positive regulators is available and with several fixed output voltages,
making it useful in a wide range of applications. It employs internal current limiting, thermal shut-down, and
safe operating area protection. If adequate heat sinking is provided, it can deliver over 1A output current. This is
primarily designed as fixed voltage regulators, but these can be used with external components for adjustable
voltages and currents.
Application of Regulated Power Supply

Regulated power supply is the main component of electrical, electronics and as well as automation equipment.
Mobile phone charger, oscillator, amplifier are needed the regulated power supply .

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BLOCK DIAGRAM:-

 REGULATED POWER SUPPLY TO GENERATE 5VOLTS

TRANSFORMER RECTIFIER FILTER REGULATOR LOAD

Figure 3

 LM 7805
INPUT OUTPUT
SERIES
PASS
1 ELEMENT 3

CURRENT SOA
GENERATOR PROTECTION

STARTING REFERENCE ERROR

CIRCUIT VOLTAGE AMPLIFIER

THERMAL
PROTECTION

GND

Figure 4

PROCEDURE FOR EXPERIMENT:-

4 * 1N4001 U1
7805
1 3
D1 D2 Vin Vo
AC
230V D3 D4 GND

C1 CI
470uF 0.1uF Co
Xmer 0.1uF
230V/12V

Figure 5

 Step Down Transformer

A step down transformer will step down the voltage from the ac mains to the required voltage level. The output
of the transformer is given as an input to the rectifier circuit.

 Rectification

Rectifier is an electronic circuit consisting of diodes which carries out the rectification process. Rectification is
the process of converting an alternating voltage or current into corresponding direct (dc) quantity. The input to a
rectifier is ac whereas its output is unidirectional pulsating dc. Usually a full wave rectifier or a bridge rectifier
is used to rectify both the half cycles of the ac supply (full wave rectification). A bridge rectifier consists of four
p-n junction diodes. In the positive half cycle of the supply the voltage induced across the secondary of the

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electrical transformer. Hence, diodes D3 and D2 are reversed biased and diodes D1 and D4 are forward biased.
The diode D3 and D2 will act as open switches (practically there is some voltage drop) and diodes D1 andD4
will act as closed switches and will start conducting. Hence a rectified waveform appears at the output of the
rectifier as shown in the first figure. When voltage induced in secondary is of the next half cycle i.e. negative
then D3 and D2 are forward biased with the other two reversed biased and a positive voltage appears at the input
of the filter.

 DC Filtration

We want a pure ripple free dc waveform. Hence a filter is used. Hence a capacitor filter connected along the
output of the rectifier and the resultant output waveform. As the instantaneous voltage starts increasing the
capacitor charges, it charges till the waveform reaches its peak value. When the instantaneous value starts
reducing the capacitor starts discharging exponentially and slowly through the load (input of the regulator in this
case). Hence, an almost constant dc value having very less ripple content is obtained.

 Regulation

This is the last block in a regulated DC power supply. The output voltage or current will change or fluctuate
when there is change in the input from ac mains or due to change in load current at the output of the regulated
power supply or due to other factors like temperature changes. This problem can be eliminated by using a
regulator. A regulator will maintain the output constant even when changes at the input or any other changes
occur. The output voltage can be adjusted with adjusting the values of resistances R1 and R2. A coupling
capacitors of values about 0.01µF to 10µF needs to be connected at the output and input to address input noise
and output transients.

CODE WITH COMMENTS:-

Our circuit diagram:

Figure 6

RESULTS:-

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 Figure 7

CONCLUSION:-

Simulation of regulated power supply to generate 5volts is done using Proteus software.