Unit 2

High Frequency Transmission Lines

Voltage and current on the
dissipationless line
 Session Meta Data

Author Ramprabhu S
Version No. 1.1
Release Date 04-01-2020
Reviewer
 Revision History

Date of Revision Details Version Number

04 Jan 2020 1.1
 Session Objectives

 To introduce the constants for the line of zero

dissipation.
 Session Outcomes

At the end of the session, students will be able to

 Understand the constants for the line of zero

dissipation.
 Outline

 Different cases of transmission line

 Distortionless line

 Line constants of lossless line

 Voltage on a dissipationless line
• Voltage at any point distant s units from the
receiving end of a transmission line is

• For a line of zero dissipation, attenuation

constant is zero, i.e., and , then
the voltage equation can be written as,
 Voltage on a dissipationless line
• In the above equation
term denotes a wave progressing from source towards
the load
term denotes the reflected wave moving from load back
towards the source

• The magnitude of the reflected wave is

dependent on the value of K, the reflection
coefficient.
• The actual voltage at any point on the
transmission line is the sum of incident and
reflected wave voltages at that point.
 Voltage on a dissipationless line
• Voltage equation on a lossless line can also be
represented as

where
 Current on a dissipationless line
• Current at any point distant s units from the
receiving end of a transmission line is

• In another form, current can be represented as

Voltage and Current on a lossless line

Using , the voltage and current expressions

may be written as

The voltage or current distribution is then seen

as the sum of cosine and quadrature sine
distributions
Incident and reflected voltage wave phasors and
values along the dissipationless line for successive
instants of time, for an open circuited line
R
I E
N F
C L
I E
D C
E T
N E
T D

W W
A A
V V
E E

V V
E E
C C
T T
O O
R R
 Voltage & current on open circuit
lossless line
• If a line is open circuited, , then voltage
and current on an open circuited lossless line is
given as

The voltage and current magnitude distributions

shown in fig (a), are in quadrature everywhere;
thus no power is transmitted along the line
 Standing Waves
• The resultant total voltage wave
appears to be standstill on the
line, oscillating in magnitude
with time but having fixed
positions of maxima and
minima. Such a wave is known
as STANDING WAVE.
• The sum of incident and
reflected wave magnitudes
results in standing waves.
 Voltage & current on short circuit
lossless line
• If a line is short circuited, , then voltage
and current on an short circuited lossless line is
given as

Again the voltage and current magnitude

distributions shown in fig(e), are in quadrature
everywhere; thus no power is transmitted along
the short circuit line also.
 Voltage & current on a matched
load
• If a line is terminated in , then voltage
and current for a matched condition in a lossless
line is given as

For a perfect termination , the voltage and

current distributions are represented in
magnitude by the straight horizontal line as
shown in fig (c).
Voltage & current on a matched load
RR =∞
(open
circuit line)

RR = R0

RR = 0
(short
circuit line)
 Summary

• Velocity of propagation for the air-spaced open-

wire dissipation less line is the same as the
velocity of light in space.
 Test Your Understanding
• Prove that the velocity of propagation for the air-
spaced open-wire dissipation less line is the
same as the velocity of light in space.
 References

1. John D Ryder, “Networks, lines and fields”, 2nd

Edition, Prentice Hall India, 2015.

2. Mathew M. Radmanesh, “Radio Frequency &

Microwave Electronics”, Pearson Education Asia,
Second Edition, 2002.