MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER

SEMESTER-IV
YEAR: II
UNIT I
THE 8085 AND 8086 MICROPROCESSOR
PART A

1. What is Microprocessor? (AU-Nov’06)

A microprocessor is a multipurpose, programmable logic device

that reads
binary instructions from a storage device called memory or accepts
binary data as
input and processes data according to those instructions and
provides result as
output.

2. What is accumulator?
Accumulator or A register is an 8-bit register used for arithmetic, logic, I/O and
load/store operations.

3. What are the flags are used in 8085? (AU-Nov’06)

Flag is an 8-bit register containing 5 1-bit flags: They are,
Sign - set if the most significant bit of the result is set.
Zero - set if the result is zero.
Auxiliary carry - set if there was a carry out from bit 3 to bit 4 of the result.
Parity - set if the parity (the number of set bits in the result) is even.
Carry -set if there was a carry during addition, or borrow during
subtraction/comparison.

4. What is the use of general purpose registers in 8085 and specify their function?

(i) 8-bit B and 8-bit C registers can be used as one 16-bit BC register pair. When used
as a pair the C register contains low-order byte. Some instructions may use BC
register as a data pointer.
(ii) 8-bit D and 8-bit E registers can be used as one 16-bit DE register pair. When used
as a pair the E register contains low-order byte. Some instructions may use DE
register as a data pointer.
(iii) 8-bit H and 8-bit L registers can be used as one 16-bit HL register pair. When used
as a pair the L register contains low-order byte. HL register usually contains a data
pointer used to reference memory addresses.

5. What is a Stack pointer?

Stack pointer is a 16 bit register. This register is always incremented or
 decremented by 2. It is used as a memory pointer. The beginning of the stack is
defined by loading a 16-bit address in the stack pointer.

6. What is the function of program counter?

The function of the program counter is to point the memory address
from which the next byte is to be fetched. When a byte is being fetched the
PC is incremented by one to point to the next memory locations.

7. What are the type of registers? (AU-May’05)

Registers are divided into three major types. They are,
(i) Single purpose register
(ii) Special purpose register
(iii) General purpose registers.

8. Define opcode and operand.

Opcode is the part of an instruction that identifies a specific operation.
Operand is a part of an instruction that represents a value on which the
instruction acts.

9. What is PSW?
PSW-Program Status Word. The flag register and accumulator together is called
PSW. Flag register is high order register and A is low order register.

10. What is function of ALE signal? (AU-May’08)

The ALE is a signal used to demultiplex the address and lines , using an
external latch. It is used to enable the external latch.

11. Mention the types of 8085 instruction set depending the function.
The types of 8085 instruction set depending the function are:
(i) Data transfer instruction
(ii) Arithmetic instruction
(iii) logical instruction
(iv) Branch instruction
(v) Machine control instruction

12. Mention the types of 8085 instruction set depending the word length.
The types of 8085 instruction set depending the word length are:
(i) One byte instruction
(ii) Two bye instruction
(iii) Three byte instruction.
13. What are the different types of addressing modes used in 8085?(AU-May’08)

The different types of addressing modes used in 8085 are:

(i) Immediate addressing
(ii) Direct addressing
(iii) Indirect addressing
(iv) Register addressing
(v) Implicit addressing

14. List some data transfer instructions.

The data transfer instructions move data between registers or between memory and
registers are:
MOV           Move
MVI           Move Immediate
LDA           Load Accumulator Directly from Memory
STA           Store Accumulator Directly in Memory
LHLD          Load H & L Registers Directly from Memory
SHLD          Store H & L Registers Directly in Memory

15. List some logical instructions.

Some of the logical instructions are:

ANA         Logical AND with Accumulator
ANI           Logical AND with Accumulator Using Immediate Data
ORA          Logical OR with Accumulator
OR            Logical OR with Accumulator Using Immediate Data
XRA          Exclusive Logical OR with Accumulator
XRI           Exclusive OR Using Immediate Data

16. Give the different compare instructions. (AU-May’05)

The Compare instructions compare the content of an 8-bit value with the contents
of the accumulator;
CMP           Compare
CPI           Compare Using Immediate Data

17. List some rotate instructions.

The rotate instructions shift the contents of the accumulator one bit position to the
left or right:
RLC           Rotate accumulator Left
RRC           Rotate accumulator Right
RAL           Rotate Left through Carry
RAR           Rotate Right through Carry
18. List any three unconditional branch instruction. (AU-Nov’07)

The unconditional branching instructions are as follows:

JMP           Jump
CALL          Call
RET           Return

19. What is conditional branching instructions?

Conditional branching instructions is to examine the status of one of four

condition flags to determine whether the specified branch is to be executed.

20. What are the I/O instructions used in 8085?

The I/0 instructions used in 8085 are as follows:

IN            Initiate Input Operation
OUT           Initiate Output Operation

21. What are the machine control instructions used in 8085? (AU-May’06)

The Machine Control instructions used in 8085 are as follows:

EI            Enable Interrupt System

DI            Disable Interrupt System
HLT           Halt
NOP           No Operation

22. What is an immediate addressing mode? Give example.

An immediate addressing mode is the mode in which the data

is specified in the instruction itself. The data will be part of the program instruction.
Example: MVI A, 06

22. What is implicit addressing mode?

Implicit addressing mode is the mode in which the instruction operates

on a data available in a predetermined register.
Example: CMA

23. What is TRAP?

Trap is the non-maskable interrupt. When this interrupt is received

the processor saves the contents of the PC register into stack and branches to
24h (hexadecimal) address.
24. List some maskable interrupt.

Some maskable interrupts are :

INTR
RST 5.5
RST 6.5
RST 7.5

25. List the software and hardware interrupts of 8085.

Software interrupts: RST 0, RST 1, RST 2, RST 3, RST 4, RST 5, RST 6, RST 07
Hardware interrupts: TRAP, RST7.5, RST6.5, RST 5.5, INTR

26. List out the function of Accumulator.(AU-NOV’08)

The functions of accumulator are:

(i) It is an integral part of ALU.
(ii) It holds one of the data to be processed by ALU.
(iii) It temporarily stores the result of an operation performed by ALU.

27. What is the use of ALE signal in 8085? (AU-JUN’06) (AU-NOV’07)

The ALE (Address Latch Enable) is a signal used to demultiplex

the address and data lines, using an external latch.
It is used to enable the external latch.

28. Give the format of flag register in 8085? (AU-JUN’06)

The format of flag register in 8085 is given as:

D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
S Z AC P CY

S - Sign flag
Z - Zero flag
AC - Auxiliary carry flag
P - Parity flag
CY - Carry flag
29. How address and data lines are demultiplexed in 8085? (AU-MAY’07)

30. What is the function performed by SIM instruction in 8085? (AU-MAY’07)

The function performed by SIM instruction in 8085 is:

1. To set mask for RST 7.5, 6.5, and 5.5 interrupts. Bit D3 is a control bit
and should be 1 for bits D0 D1 and D2 to be effective.
2. To reset RST 7.5 flip-flop. If D4 is 1, RST 7.5 is reset.
3. To implement serial I/O. Bits D7 and D6 of the accumulator are
used for serial I/O and do not affect the interrupts.

31. Give the significance of SIM and RIM instruction available in 8085.
(AU-NOV’06)

32. What do you mean by Assembler? (AU-NOV’08)

Assembler is a program that translates the mnemonics

entered by the ASCII keyboard into the corresponding binary
machine codes of the microprocessor.

33. What are the functions of the RST 6.5 and ALE signals of 8085?
(AU-NOV’09)

34. What do you mean by Non Maskable Interrupt? (AU-NOV’08)

35. List the interrupt signals present in 8085 processor in the priority order.
(AU-APR’08)
 The interrupts signals present in 8085 processor in the priority order
is given by:
1. TRAP
2. RST 7.5
3. RST 6.5
4. RST 5.5
5. INTR

36. What is a Program counter? (AU-NOV’07)

The program counter is a 16-bit address. To execute a program the starting

address of the program is loaded in program counter. The PC sends out an
address to fetch a byte of instruction from memory and increments its
content automatically.

37. Define indirect addressing mode and give an example. (AU-NOV’07)

38. What is the use of ALE signal? (AU-NOV’07)

The ALE (Address Latch Enable) is a signal used to demultiplex

the address and data lines, using an external latch. It is used to enable
the external latch.

39. List any four unconditional branch instructions. (AU-NOV’07)

40. What is the use of HOLD and HLDA signals? (AU-NOV’07)

HOLD and HLDA acknowledge signals are used for the Direct Memory
Access (DMA) type of data transfer.
41. What is the function of HOLD and HLDA? (AU-APR’08)

The function of HOLD and HLDA is given by:

(i) The DMA controller places a high on HOLD pin in order to take
control of the system bus.
(ii) The HOLD request is acknowledged by the 8085 by driving all its
tristated pins to high impedance state and asserting HLDA signal high.

PART B

1. Explain the architecture of 8085 microprocessor with neat diagram

(AU-NOV’06) (AU- MAY’07) (AU-JUN’07) (AU-NOV’07) (AU-APR’08) (AU-NOV’08)
(AU-NOV’09)
2. Explain the types of interrupts in detail. (AU-NOV’09)
3. Explain the types of instruction set of 8085 depending the word length with
example. (AU- MAY’07)
4. Explain the types of instruction set of 8085? (AU-NOV’07) (AU-NOV’08)
5. Explain the different types of addressing modes of 8085. (AU- MAY’07)
6. Write notes on status flag. (6) (AU-JUN’07)
7. Explain the 8085 based microcomputer system
8. Write an ALP to add two 2- digit BCD numbers. (AU-JUN’07) (8)
9. Describe the signals present in 8085. (AU-APR’08) (8)
10. Write a program to convert 8 bit binary number to BCD. (8)
11. Write a program for block transfer of data bytes. (8)
12. Write a program to add a series of 10 numbers starting from memory location
3000H onwards. (8)
13. Write an ALP to add two 8 bit numbers. (6) (AU- NOV’06)
14. How the instruction set of 8085 classified is based on their functions and word
length? Give example.(10) (AU- NOV’06)
16. List out the Mask able and Non – Mask able interrupts available in an
8085 processor. (AU-Nov’06) (4)
18. Explain the various logical and arithmetic instructions available in
8085 microprocessor. (AU-MAY’07) (10)

19. Explain the function of various flags of 8085 microprocessor.

(AU-MAY’07) (10)
20. Differentiate between I/O mapped I/O and memory mapped I/O.
(AU-MAY’07) (6)
21. Write an 8085 assembly language program to convert 8 bit binary to
ASCII code. (AU-MAY’07) (10)
22. Write an 8085 program to subtract one 4-digit decimal number
 from another. (AU-NOV,09) (6)
23. Write an 8085 program to find the largest of a set of n
8-bit numbers. (AU-NOV,09) (6)
24. Write a program to convert Binary number to BCD number
and explain. (AU-NOV’08) (8)
25. Write BCD and Binary code Conversion Program and explain.
(AU-NOV’08) (8)
26. Describe an 8085 interrupt process. (AU-NOV’07) (8)
27. Write short notes on RST (RESTART) instructions. (AU-NOV’07) (8)
28. Write down the comparison of: (AU-NOV’07)
(i) Memory mapped I/O and peripheral I/O. (8)
(ii) CALL, RET and PUSH, POP instructions. (8)

29. Sixteen bytes of data are stored in memory locations at XX 50 H to XX 5F H.

Write a program to transfer the entire block of data to new memory
locations starting at XX 70 H. Using 8085 instructions. (AU-NOV’07) (8)
30. Registers BC contain 8538 H and registers DE contain 62A5 H.
Write instructions to subtract the contents of DE from the contents of
BC and place the result in BC. (AU-NOV’07) (8)
31. Discuss in detail the classification of 8085 Instruction set. Explain the
instructions under each category. Also explain the classification based on
the word size with relevant examples. (AU-NOV’07) (16)
32. Draw and explain about a single board microcomputer system based on
8085. (AU-NOV’07) (8)
33. Write a program to check a set of six signed numbers and add the
positive numbers. (AU-NOV’07) (8)
34. Draw the timing diagram for SHLD 16-bit address. (AU-APR’08) (8)
35. Write an 8085 ALP to convert hexadecimal value to decimal value.
(AU-APR’08) (8)
36. Explain the pin definition of 8085 (AU-JUN’06) (8)
37. Explain the instruction set of 8085 in detail with one example in
each group. (AU-JUN’07) (10)
38. Write notes on status flag. (AU-JUN’07) (6)
39. Write a program to perform the following functional functions and
verify the output steps: (AU-NOV’07) (16)
(i) Load the number 8B H in register D.
(ii) Load the number 6F H in register C.
(iii) Increment the contents of register C by one.
(iv) Add the contents of register C and D display the sum at output port1.
40. Write a program to convert 8 bit binary number to BCD. (AU-APR’08) (8)
41. Write a program for block transfer of data bytes. (AU-APR’08) (8)
42. Write a program to add a series of 10 numbers stored from location
3000H onwards. (AU-APR’08) (8)
43. List out the similarities between CALL-RET and PUSH_POP instructions.
(AU-JUN’07) (2)
44. Sketch the schematic to generate separate read/write control signals for memory
and I/O related signals in 8085.(AU-NOV’07) (2)
45. Calculate the execution time of an instruction MVI A, 82 H in 8085 runs
 at 2 MHz. (AU-NOV’07) (2)
46. Write an assembly language program of 8085 to add two numbers stored in
memory locations 4040 H and 4041 H. Save the sum in location 4042 H.
(AU-NOV’07) (2)
47. Assume register B holds 93 H and the accumulator holds 15 H. Illustrate the
results of the instructions ORA B, XRA B and CMA. (AU-NOV’07) (2)
48. Mention some of the applications of Rotate Instructions. (AU-NOV’07) (2)
49. List the different flags affected by the arithmetic and logic operations.
(AU-NOV’07) (2)
50. Draw the contents of the stack and the registers after a PUSH instruction.
(AU-NOV’07) (2)
51. Give the sequence of operation that takes place during the execution of
call instruction. (AU-APR’08) (2)
52. When the READY signal of 8085 microprocessors is sampled by the processor?
(AU-JUN’07) (2)
53. Write an 8085 assembly language program to multiply two 8-bit numbers.
(AU-NOV’09) (2)

54. Let accumulator content is 9AH and CY = 1. What will be content of CY after
RRC instruction is executed. (AU-APR’08) (2)