SANTOS, Patricia O.

03/13/2020

1A11

1. How does the internet works?

The internet is a communication system made up of interconnected but independently

operated networks that transmits data. This system is designed as a fully distributed network,

meaning there is no central control. Local internet service providers act as the operators of

internet. They are the one responsible for connectivity so that data will be transferred from one

server to another [ CITATION Cod16 \l 1033 ]. High and low voltage charges make up these data

which is then interpreted as binary numbers [ CITATION H3V19 \l 1033 ]. These data are contained

in packets that are the ones being sent over the Internet. Each packet travels through the internet

from a specific source and to a designated destination where it will be unraveled to receive the

data [ CITATION Chr18 \l 1033 ] . Every packet is imbedded with several internet protocol (IP)

addresses in order for it to go through routers and eventually find its way to its destination

[ CITATION Aar09 \l 1033 ].

2. How does GPS (global positioning system) works?

The global positioning system (GPS) has three parts: (1) satellites, (2) ground stations,

and (3) receivers. The satellites are positioned in a certain place at a certain time because they

orbit the earth predictably. The ground stations then use radars, which use radio waves, to

determine the position of the satellites and sends updated information as well as satellites’

signals to receivers. The receivers follow the radio signals from the satellites to measure the

distance between them and the satellites’ position at a specific time. Receivers need to know the

distance between at least four or more satellites to produce a precise location because it uses the
trilateration mechanism. This is the reason why GPS does not necessarily need an internet

connection or a phone signal to work but these help it to become more effective in locating

positions, the same way when you get information from more satellites [ CITATION BRI19 \l 1033 ].

3. How would you know if a machine is intelligent?

A machine is considered intelligent if it can replicate the aspects of learning and other

features of intelligence. Another indicator of an intelligent machine would be if it learns how to

improve itself at solving problems usually done by humans with their natural intelligence. A

proposal by McCarthy et al. in 1955 states that a machine is intelligent if it simulates higher

functions of the human brain, programs a computer to use a general language, arranges

hypothetical neurons in a manner so that they can form concepts, is capable of determining and

measuring problem complexity, improves itself, deals with ideas rather than events, and portrays

randomness and creativity. Moreover, Jack Copeland presented factors in recognizing machine

intelligence such as generalization learning, reasoning, problem solving, perception, and

language understanding [ CITATION Col16 \l 1033 ].

4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of artificial intelligence?

Artificial intelligence is a revolutionary invention that is perpetually improving as time

goes on. It was invented for the betterment of humanity, but it also has its unintended

consequences. Kumar (2019) presented the advantages of artificial intelligence which includes

eliminating repetitive jobs for humans and giving digital assistance. It reduces human errors and

solves complex problems, given that it is programmed properly, and it can be used to step in

dangerous situations in replacement of humans. Additionally, it can work continuously and

deliver faster results. On the other hand, the disadvantages of artificial intelligence are the high
costs in obtaining, maintaining, and repairing it. There is also the tendency of making humans

lazy with their overreliance and the possibility of replacing human labor which would stem to

unemployment. Lastly, artificial intelligence today still lacks emotion and creativity because

primarily, it is programmed by humans.

References

Aaron. (2009, February 18). How the Internet Works in 5 Minutes. Retrieved from YouTube:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7_LPdttKXPc

BRIGHT SIDE. (2019, June 17). How GPS Works Today. Retrieved from YouTube:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCcARVbL_Dk

Christensson, P. (2018, May 31). Packet Definition. Retrieved from TechTerms:

https://techterms.com/definition/packet

Code.org. (2016, June 18). What is the Internet? Retrieved from YouTube:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dxcc6ycZ73M

ColdFusion. (2016, July 20). What is Artificial Intelligence Exactly? Retrieved from YouTube:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kWmX3pd1f10

H3Vtux. (2019, February 17). How does the Internet Work? Networks and addresses explained.

Retrieved from YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=82m2du-zgmY

Kumar, S. (2019, November 2019). Advantages and Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence.

Retrieved from towards data science: https://towardsdatascience.com/advantages-and-

disadvantages-of-artificial-intelligence-182a5ef6588c