FIELD ASSIGNMENT ON FEACAL SLUDGE MANAGEMENT

COURSE NAME: MPH-PRH

COURSE UNIT: ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

HARZADS

LECTURER NAME: Dr. MIISA NANYINJI

STUDENT NAME: NASSALI ROSETTE

STUDENT REG NO: 2019-M272 -20032

 A REPORT ON LUBIGI SEWERAGE TREATMENT
PLANT
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The Lubigi plant is one of the municipal feacal sludge, part of the
Lake Victoria protection project(pharse1), its intended to reduce
pollution of Lake Victoria and improve waste water treatment within
the city of Kampala in addition to the already existing Bugolobi
Sewerage Treatment Plant.
Lubigi plant has been in operation since 2013 with an additional of
cesspool emptiers in early 2014, this treatment plant uses the
biological method of waste water using biological pondo. This plant
serves Kawempe, Bwaise, Katanga, Makerere, Nsoba and the
surrounding hotspots including Mulago hospital and Wandegeya.

1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF LIGUID WASTE PRODUCED BY A

TOWN/MUNICIPAL
Liquid waste is divided into three main schemas; sewage, trade
waste and hazardous liquid waste. Liquid waste for domestic sources
 can be classified as Blackwater, which contains excreta and
greywater which comes from domestic activities.

1.3 APPROXIMATE WASTE RECEIVED AND COMPOSITION AT THE

PLANT
The Lubigi Treatment Plant is meant to treat 5.4 million litres per
day, in addition to piped sewage and waste water from septic tanks
and pit latrines from the city’s informal settlements. The waste is
composed of dirty water from household, feacal matter, urine,
papers, rugs, plastics and other floating materials and generally raw
sewerage.

1.4 MAIN STEPS IN FEACAL SLUDGE TREATMENT

The Lubigi sewerage treatment plant uses both the physical and
biological methods of waste treatment beginning with the physical
then the biological methods.

1.4.1: ON SITE FEACAL SLUDGE:

This onsite feacal sludge is brought by cesspool enptizers from points
around the city like latrines, full septic tanks, hostels and other
points that have waste water that needs to be treated.

Diagram of emptier
1.4.2: OFF SITE WASTE WATER
Offsite waste water comes in through the sewer connections to the
treatment plant, which is made up of laid underground pipes from
different points like Kawempe and Bwaise.
Diagram

1.4.3: SCREW PUMP

The screw pump is made up of two long screws that lift the waste
water into the treatment plant from the lower level, these screw
pumps work automatically when the amount of the waste water id
enough it is pumped up.

1.4.4: SCREENING
The removal of floating materials such as (wood, paper, rugs, plastics
and feacal material) that is not wanted both from the offsite waste
water and the onsite feacal sludge using screens that are ranked like.
Diagram

1.4.5: GRIT REMOVAL

Grit which are usually the sand particles that settled at the bottom of
the waste water are removed as the waste water through a water
channel constructed to give the waste water enough retention time
so that the grit can settle.

1.4.6: SEDIMENTATION TANK

Sedimentation tank gives the waste water enough retention time for
the suspended particles to settle to the bottom as sludge which is
primped out into the drying beds.
Diagram

1.4.7: FLOW MEASUREMENT

This is where measuring of the amount of waste water that is going
to be treated and this measurement is carried out using two
methods either ruler measurements or automatically using a
machine directly connected to a computer.

1.4.8: FLOW DISTRIBUTION

Flow distribution receives the waste water from one point and
distributes it into different sections especially at the anaerobic ponds
and facultative ponds.
1.4.9: ANAEROBIC PONDS
Anaerobic ponds are used for the treatment of high strength organic
waste water that also contains a high suspended solids
concentration, for example industrial wastewater. They are three in
number and placed first in a series of waste stabilization ponds
before the facultative ponds.
In anaerobic ponds, organic matter is removed by sedimentation and
biological digestion by anaerobic bacteria. This produces gases like
H2O, CO2, NH3, CH4 and solute nutrients. Sludge is left behind under
the waste water.

Diagram

1.4.10: FACULATIVE PONDS

These facultative ponds are used for BOD and patrogen removal.
They can be the first ponds in a series of treatment ponds or they
can be preceded by anaerobic ponds. Inn these facultative ponds,
stabilization is brought about by a combination of aerobic, anaerobic
and facultative bacteria.

Diagram

1.5: HARZARD IDENTIFICATION AND THEIR ELIMINATION:

There is increased potential of ground water pollution and its bad for
the environment and sanitation
Waste management services also needs to be properly regulated to
check illegal dumping and ensure that feacal waste is managed in the
best way possible, in doing so it eliminates potential health and
environmental hazards resulting from poor feacal waste
management.

Bad ordour at the site which attracts flies, so regular emptying of the
sedimentation tank would be very helpful.

1.6: Possible risks for identified hardzads and their controls.

1.6.1-The risk of ground water pollution especially in low income
areas is significant, because households in low income areas are
located in valleys, where the groundwater table is high, sanitation
facilities are located closely to drinking water sources, and the
percentage of drinking water produced is high. Therefore, NEMA
should stop people from encroaching wetlands which predispose
them to diarrheal diseases.

1.6.2-Improper management of sewer waste especially in urban

areas should be monitored by environmental officers, people should
not dispose off raw sewage into the streets and trenchs.

1.6.3: various vector borne diseases are endemic and of major public
health relevance for example malaria, dengue, yellow fever, riff
valley fever and lymphatic filariasis Kampala is not affected by
filariasis but malaria and vector borne diseases(flies) is the lending
infections cause of blindness.

1.6.4: Environmental determinants such as water and soil quality in

many understanding there is high levels of feacal coliform bacteria,
E. coli, Salmonella and hookworm eggs were found in water and soil
samples within the Nakivubo wetland further more in terms of
industrial pollution, high levels of copper, iron and cadmium were
found in water and cadmium and lead mere found in soil.

1.7: Upstream waste management circular economy

-Free municipal waste trade as an incentive to recycling.
-Sorting and recycling of waste in a linear production economy.
-Stakeholder perspectives of waste take-back legislation.
-Considering the possibility of illegal dumping, they show that the
charge for waste on the downstream may prompt illegal dumping
which prevents an economy from attaining an optimality.
-Source selection problem of competitive power plants under
government intervention.
-The comprehensiveness of polices has long been argued to be a
relevant success factor of environmental and energy policies.
-The need for comprehensive and well targeted instrument mixes to
stimulate energy transitions.
Metal markets and recycling policies.

Upstream liquid waste management

1-Drilling waste management

CONCLUSION
Lubigi sewage treatment plant under Lake Victoria protection project
(Phase 1), uses both physical and biological sewerage treatment
process, has the lowest operation and maintenance costs for
required treatment efficiency, Greater pathogen removal, flexible
with respect to shock time, ability to treat a wide variety hydraulic
and organic loads of wastes and the algae produced in ponds are a
potential for high protein food that can be exploited for fish farmin.