Gaussian Filter, Discussion in Analog and Digital system

Table of Contents

1: Introduction................................................................................................................4

2: Objective ...................................................................................................................4

3: Methodology..............................................................................................................5

4: Results and Discussions ............................................................................................4

5: Reference’s ................................................................................................................5
INTRODUCTION:

The filter is a device which is used in the normal daily routine. There are different types

of the frequencies depending upon their wavelength some of them passed through the filter

and some of them blocked by the filter. The frequency of the signals which passes through the

filter are called pass frequency and the frequency which is topped by the filter are called stop

posse frequency. The magnitude of the system is very large which passes through the filter and

the magnitude of the system is small which stopped by the system. The filter work is that “It

should remove the noisy component and then pass it through the filter”. If the noisy

component is not removed from the filter than it might possible that it could damage the filter

and then system falls from ideal to zero. However, the filter of good quality can remove the

signal without any meaningful part of the signal. Gaussian filter is the type of the filter which

carry impulse response as a Gaussian function. It carries the property to make the rise and fall

of any type of function. Because of this the Gaussian signal is used in fast response. This signal

is considered as the ideal frequency signal. These signals are central in the area such as digital

and in analog system.

Objective:

We have to show that how can we modify the input signal by convolution as we

use the Gaussian function and how can we increase the response time of this function.

Moreover, how can we find out the impulse as well as the frequency response by any of
the transform function in the digital and analog of the system? Moreover, the report

carries the graphs of the wave transform also which tells the strength of the signals and

the response time of the signals.

Methodology:

The Gaussian involves two types of the transform signal one is analog and the second

one is digital. Analog implementation involves equations and the digital implementation involve

for negative infinite terms to positive infinite terms. Both description of analog as well as digital

are as follows:

Analog system:

The signal generated has an impulse frequency in the form of dimensions. Usually we

take only one-dimensional equation:

The frequency response of the gaussian is given as by the fourier transform:

In this equation f is known as the ordinary frequency and these equations also exhibits

the waveform of the Gaussian surface as:

This graph shows the waveform made by implementing these equations. The top frequency

shows that the Gaussian filter has the maximum performance at that time.

Digital system:

The filter theoretically requires an infinite window length to perform the function.

However, the digital implementation decays the signal rapidly and then it is possible to truncate

the waveform of the filter and make the narrow path for the signals by using the modest

rectangular purposes of the window or the waveform. We can achieve the better results by

using the window function and the space transmission function. The filter involves

complication. The functions which pass the filters is known as kernel of the transform

function. The sample produced by the Gaussian surface produced the waveform in the

continuation. The alternative method is used to produce the waveform in the discrete

packet. Unless the Gaussian kernel the discrete form is known as the discrete diffusion
of the Gaussian form. The transformation of the function yields a newly performed

function which is most effective and the result of the response is more than the previous

version of the Gaussian itself. Then this function is known as modified Gaussian

function and the function rapidly transform the multiple waveform indulge with Fourier

waveform into the signals and then bring these functions into their original forms. So,

the signals generated through the first implementation is not that easily destroyed.

The deviation which is considered as the standard deviation are shown in the

samples of the waveform. Considered N is the total number of the samples and n is the

individual number of the samples. So, the frequency that is threshold frequency are

shown by the digital form of the Gaussian are as follows:

There are two sigma one of them is the simple frequency of the waveform and of

them is the modified frequency of the waveform and N is the total wave form and pi is

known as the oscillation of the waveform.

However, the standard deviation of a filter can be solved by measuring the size of

the curve. The threshold frequency of a gaussian filter might be defined as the deviation

of the filter from its ideal domain. The ideal domain of the gaussian filter is as followed

by this equation:
All the other quantities are in the units which exists in physical form. The cut off frequency can

be formulated as:

If we noticed that the value of c=2 is constant before the standard deviation in the

frequency exists in their domain. In last equation the approximation value by putting c=2

formulated as 1.1774, which is the half of the maximum width. If the value is

approaches to the sqrt of 2 than the value formulated by the 0.8326 which is closely

related to the 1. S, we all know that the ideal value of all the deviation is 1. Of any apex.

If we noticed that the gaussian also exist in two dimensions, the formula produced by

this surface has a maximum origin into two contours are consists of two equally shaped

circles with their origin as the centers. A two-dimensional matrix prompted as the

convolution matrix exist by the implementing all the formula in the digital system. But the

result prompted as that the gaussian surface is blur in the two-dimensional system.

Results and Discussions:

By all the theory we concluded that the digital system is more efficient than that

the analog. As there are a lot of error and the value produced by the formulas and the system is
not acceptable as they carry many flaws. In above there are a graph of the analog system which

describes the variation of the system and not give the values of the system. The digital system

provides the values through which we anticipate the values and intercepts.

Reference’s:

1. Filtering in the Time and Frequency Domains by Herman J. Biletnikoff, Anatol I.

Zverev.

2. R.A. Haddad and A.N. Kansu, "A Class of Fast Gaussian Binomial Filters for

Speech and Image Processing," IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and

Signal Processing, vol. 39, pp 723-727, March 1991.