Marzo, 2020

University Foundation
Saint Matthew

Integrative project

Teacher:
Carlos Leó n

Students:
John Jairo Osorio Barrera
Héctor Alexander Rodriguez Morera

Telecommunications Engineering
Bogotá D.C.
Year: 2020

Integrative Project 1
 Marzo, 2020

Virtual Machine:

A virtual machine (VM) is a virtual environment that

functions as a virtual computer system with its own
CPU, memory, network interface, and storage, created
on a physical hardware system. Software called a
hypervisor separates the machine’s resources from the
hardware and distributes them appropriately so they
can be used by the VM.

IP Telephony:

Telephony is, simply put, the technology that allows

individuals to communicate with each other over a
distance, and IP telephony is that aspect of
communication that is carried out over the internet. IP
telephony is becoming an increasingly popular form of
communication, often replacing traditional telephone
systems. Contact us for more information about how
we can help your business improve its communication
capabilities.

Server
A server is a computer program or device that provides
a service to another computer program and its user,
also known as the client. In a data center, the physical
computer that a server program runs on is also
frequently referred to as a server. That machine may be
a dedicated server or it may be used for other purposes
as well.

Integrative Project 2
 Marzo, 2020

Optical Fiber
Fiber optics, also spelled fibre optics, the science of
transmitting data, voice, and images by the passage of
light through thin, transparent fibers. In
telecommunications, fiber optic technology has
virtually replaced copper wire in long-distance
telephone lines, and it is used to link computers within
local area networks. Fiber optics is also the basis of the
fiberscopes used in examining internal parts of the
body (endoscopy) or inspecting the interiors of
manufactured structural products.

IP Address
An IP address is a numerical representation of where a
device is connected to the internet. It’s how you
identify where something is and, to some degree, what
that thing is. Understanding the basics of IP addresses
is essential to making your way around the internet.
Read on to learn how IP addresses work and why it’s so
important to protect yours.

Rack
A rack, in an IT (information technology) context, is a
supporting framework that holds hardware modules.

Integrative Project 3
 Marzo, 2020

Switch
A switch is used to network multiple computers
together. Switches made for the consumer market are
typically small, flat boxes with 4 to 8 Ethernet ports.
These ports can connect to computers, cable or DSL
modems, and other switches. High-end switches can
have more than 50 ports and often are rack mounted.

Router

A router is a device that forwards data packets along

networks. A router is connected to at least two
networks, commonly two LANs or WANs or a LAN and
its ISP's network. Routers are located at gateways, the
places where two or more networks connect.

Data Center

Data centers are simply centralized locations where

computing and networking equipment is concentrated
for the purpose of collecting, storing, processing,
distributing or allowing access to large amounts of
data. They have existed in one form or another since
the advent of computers.

Integrative Project 4
 Marzo, 2020

Computer Network

Computer networks are the basis of communication in

IT. They are used in a huge variety of ways and can
include many different types of network. A computer
network is a set of computers that are connected
together so that they can share information. The
earliest examples of computer networks are from the
1960s, but they have come a long way in the half-
century since then.

Network LAN
A local area network (LAN) is a collection of devices
connected together in one physical location, such as a
building, office, or home. A LAN can be small or large,
ranging from a home network with one user to an
enterprise network with thousands of users and
devices in an office or school.

Wireless Local Area Network

(WLAN)
A wireless local area network (WLAN) is a wireless
distribution method for two or more devices that use
high-frequency radio waves and often include an access
point to the Internet. A WLAN allows users to move
around the coverage area, often a home or small office,
while maintaining a network connection.

Integrative Project 5
 Marzo, 2020

Modelo OSI

The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a

conceptual model created by the International
Organization for Standardization which enables diverse
communication systems to communicate using
standard protocols. In plain English, the OSI provides a
standard for different computer systems to be able to
communicate with each other.

The OSI model can be seen as a universal language for

computer networking. It’s based on the concept of
splitting up a communication system into seven
abstract layers, each one stacked upon the last.

Application software
Application software, or app for short, is software that
performs specific tasks for an end-user.

Effectively, if the user is interacting directly with a piece

of software it is application software. For example,
Microsoft Word or Excel are application software, as
are common web browsers such as Firefox or Google
Chrome.

operating system
An operating system (OS), in its most general sense, is
software that allows a user to run other applications on
a computing device. While it is possible for a software
application to interface directly with hardware, the vast
majority of applications are written for an OS, which
allows them to take advantage of common libraries and
not worry about specific hardware details.

Integrative Project 6
 Marzo, 2020

A password is a string of characters used to verify the

identity of a user during the authentication process.

Firewall

A firewall is a network security device that monitors

incoming and outgoing network traffic and permits or
blocks data packets based on a set of security rules. Its
purpose is to establish a barrier between your internal
network and incoming traffic from external sources
(such as the internet) in order to block malicious traffic
like viruses and hackers.

Network Segment

Network segmentation is an architectural approach

that divides a network into multiple segments or
subnets, each acting as its own small network. This
allows network administrators to control the flow of
traffic between subnets based on granular policies.
Organizations use segmentation to improve
monitoring, boost performance, localize technical
issues and – most importantly – enhance security.

Password

Integrative Project 7
 Marzo, 2020

Abbreviated as HW, hardware is best described as any

physical component of a computer system that
contains a circuit board, ICs, or other electronics. A
perfect example of hardware is the screen on which
you are viewing this page. Whether it be a monitor,
tablet, or smartphone, it is hardware.

Software
In layman’s terms, it’s an invisible component of a
computer system that makes it possible for you to
interact with the computer's physical components.
Software is what allows you to communicate with
smartphones, tablets, game boxes, media players, and
similar devices.

Gateway

A gateway is a data communication device that

provides a remote network with connectivity to a host
network.

A gateway device provides communication to a remote

network or an autonomous system that is out of
bounds for the host network nodes. Gateways serve as
the entry and exit point of a network; all data routed
inward or outward must first pass through and
communicate with the gateway in order to use routing
paths. Generally, a router is configured to work as a
gateway device in computer networks.

Hardware

Integrative Project 8
 Marzo, 2020

Browser

Alternativamente denominado navegador web o

navegador de Internet, un navegador es un programa
de software para presentar y explorar contenido en la
World Wide Web. Estas piezas de contenido, que
incluyen imágenes, videos y páginas web, se conectan
mediante hipervínculos y se clasifican con URI
(identificadores uniformes de recursos). Esta página es
un ejemplo de una página web que se puede ver
usando un navegador.

Processor

A processor, or "microprocessor," is a small chip that

resides in computers and other electronic devices. Its
basic job is to receive input and provide the appropriate
output. While this may seem like a simple task, modern
processors can handle trillions of calculations per
second.

Ram Memory
RAM (pronounced ramm) is an acronym for random
access memory, a type of computer memory that can
be accessed randomly; that is, any byte of memory can
be accessed without touching the preceding bytes.
RAM is found in servers, PCs, tablets, smartphones and
other devices, such as printers.

Integrative Project 9
 Marzo, 2020

Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

A hard disk drive (HDD) is a non-volatile computer

storage device containing magnetic disks or platters
rotating at high speeds. It is a secondary storage device
used to store data permanently, random access
memory (RAM) being the primary memory device. Non-
volatile means data is retained when the computer is
turned off.

Integrative Project 10