Chapter 5

States of Matter

Solutions

1. Answer (4)
2. Answer (2)
3. Answer (2)
4. Answer (4)
5. Answer (4)
6. Answer (3)

v
rA tA tB dB MB
   
rB v
tB tA dA MA

tB MB 10 MB
   
tA MA 40 100

1 MB 100
    MB
4 100 16

 MB = 6.25 g/mol = molecular mass of gas B.

7. Answer (3)
8. Answer (1)
Increase in kinetic energy can overcome intermolecular forces of attraction.
9. Answer (4)
10. Answer (3)
Given

∵  nO2  nN2

P = total pressure
= 1 atm

nN 2 nN 2 1
PN2  1  1   0.5 atm
nO2  nN 2 2nN2 2

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32 States of Matter Solutions

11. Answer (3)

PV
PV  nRT   Z  1 (for ideal gas)
nRT
12. Answer (2)
13. Answer (3)
14. Answer (1)

1
P  PV = constant = K
V
log P + log V = log K
log P = log K – log V
y = mx + c
slope = m = – 1
Intercept = C = log K
15. Answer (4)

 a 
∵  p  2  (V  b)  RT (for  1 mole)
 V 
At low pressure, volume is high
V >>> b  (V – b)  V

 a  a
  P  2  V  RT  PV   RT
 V  V

PV a  a 
  1  Z  1
RT VRT  VRT 

16. Answer (3)

3RT
Ur.m.s   Ur.m.s.  T
M

17. Answer (1)

1
V  T and volume versus will be rectangular hyperbola.
T
18. Answer (2)
Absolute temperature is measured in kelvin.
19. Answer (3)

V1 V2 1 2.5
    T2  750 K
T1 T2 300 T2

20. Answer (4)

dRT
P=
M
21. Answer (1)

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Solutions States of Matter 33
22. Answer (2)
Vc = 3 b
23. Answer (2)
PA
reff 
MT

r1 A1 M2
 
r2 A 2 M1

1 32
 
2 2

1
  16
2

4
  2:1
2
24. Answer (1)
Ti : Tb = 2 : 1
25. Answer (1)

3RT
Urms (O2) =
32
2RT
UMP (SO2) =
64
 Vrms : VMP
3 :1
26. Answer (3)
Intermolecular H-bonding decreases the vapour pressure.
27. Answer (1)
28. Answer (2)
3
4 3 4 22  21 
r =  
3 7  2 
Volume of the balloon = = 4851 cm3
3
Volume of the cylinder = 2.82 L = 2820 cm3
P = 20 atm
T = 300 K
Converting this to the volume at NTP
P1V1 P2 V2
T1 = T2

20  2820
=
300
1 V2
=
273
 V2 = 51324 cm3

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34 States of Matter Solutions

When the pressure in the cylinder is reduced to one atm, no more H2 will be released and 2820 cm3 of H2
will be left
 Volume of H2 used in filling ballons = 51324 – 2820 = 48504 cm3

48504
Number of balloons filled = = 10
4851

29. Answer (2)

The state of bulb changes from T K to T + 50 K
Final pressure remains the same.
Applying ideal gas equation,
P1V1 = n1RT1

n1RT1
or, P1 = V1

And, P2V2 = n2RT2

n2RT2
or, P2 = V2

∵ P1 = P2

n1T1 n2 T2
 
V1 V2

4g
Initially, n1 = = 0.1 mol
40 g mol1

 4 g – 0.8 g
Finally, n2 = = 0.08 mol
40 g mol1

Also, the volume of the bulb remains the same.

Hence, V1 = V2
So, n1T1 = n2T2

T 0.08
or, 
T  50 0.1

or, 10 T = 8 (T + 50)
or, 10 T = 8 T + 400
or, 2 T = 400
 T = 200
Initial temperature = T K = 200 K.
30. Answer (2)
Pressure and volume of air in the flask remains same throughout.
Temperature changes from 300 K to 500 K
Let number of moles of air change from
n1 to n2

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Solutions States of Matter 35
 n1T1 = n2T2

n1 T2 500 K 5
or,   
n2 T1 300 K 3

 n1  n2   n2   3
% of air escaped =  n   100 =  1    100 =  1    100 = 2  100 = 40
 1   n1   5 5

31. Answer (2)

wO
2
Given:  100 = 23
w total

wN2
And,  100 = 77
w total

w O2 23
 
w N2 77

Now applying ideal gas equation

PV = nRT

wRT
or PV =
M

PVM
or, w =
RT
 Temperature and pressure remains same for air,

w O2 VO2 MO2

w N2 VN2 MN2

VO2 w O2 MN2 23 28 23
or,   =  
VN2 w N2 MO2 77 32 88

VO2
Now, % volume of O2 =  100
Vtotal

VO2 23

VN2 88

VO2
Vtotal 23
or, 
VN 88
2
Vtotal

VO VN
Now, 1  2 2

Vtotal Vtotal

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36 States of Matter Solutions

VO2
Vtotal 23
 
VO 88
2
1
Vtotal

VO2
Let x
Vtotal

x 23
 
1  x 88

 88 x = 23 – 23 x

23
 x=
111

VO 23
2
 
Vtotal 111

VO2 23
 %V =  100   100  20.72
Vtotal 111

32. Answer (2)

Given:
T1 = 30°C = 303 K
T2 = 606 K
P1 = P

P
P2 =
2

V1 = V
V2 = V2

P1V1 T
  1
P2 V2 T2

P
V1 T1 P2 303 K 2
or,    
V2 T2 P1 606 K P

V 1
or, 
2 4
V

1 1
or, 
V 4

or, V = 4 dm3

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Solutions States of Matter 37
33. Answer (4)
Given :
If, P1 = P1 ; P2 = 2P1
V1 = V1 ; V2 = 2V1
T1 = T1 ; T2 = T2
Now, we have,
P1V1 = nRT1
and P2V2 = nRT2
or, 2P1 × 2V1 = nRT2
or, 4 P1V1 = nRT2

nRT2
 = nRT1
4
or, T2 = 4T1
34. Answer (1)
Maximum number of moles  maximum number of molecules

2.7
NH3  n = moles = 0.15 moles
17

1
SO2  n = moles = 0.04 moles
22.4

2
Cl2  n = moles = 0.08 moles
22.4
H2S  n = 0.1 moles
35. Answer (3)
Assuming that the gases are non-reactive, then at equilibrium, all the gases diffuse so as to obtain a
homogeneous mixture.
36. Answer (3)

w mix w  wB wA wB
dmix = V  A  
total V total Vtotal Vtotal

Now, wA = dA × VA

 V   V 
dA   A  100   dB   B  100 
dA  VA dB VB  Vtotal   Vtotal  dA  %A   dB  %B 
 dmix = V 
total Vtotal = 100
=
100

37. Answer (2)

We know, 1 bar = 105 Pa  1 Pa = 10–5 bar
and 1 atm = 101325 Pa
1 atm = 101325 Pa = 101325 × 10–5 bar
 1 atm = 1.01325 bar

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38 States of Matter Solutions

38. Answer (4)

P1
Given: P1 = P1 ; P2 =
2
V1 = V ; V2 = V2
T1 = T1 ; T2 = 2T1
We have (for a fixed mass of gas)

P1V1 P2 V2

T1 T2

P1V1 T2
 V2 = 
T1 P2

P1V 2T1
=  4V
T1 P1
2

39. Answer (2)

According to Boyle's law, T

1 P1 P2 P3
P
V
So, at a constant temperature,

V1 V2 V3
∵   V/T
T T T V1 V2 V3
 P1 > P2 > P3 T T T
40. Answer (1)
At STP, temperature = T0
pressure = P0
At time 't', temperature = t°C
 temperature = (t + 273) K
Applying Gay Lussac's law,

Pt  t  273  K

P0 T0

Now, T0 = 273 K

 273  t 
 Pt = P0
273
41. Answer (2)
According to Boyle's law,
1
P
V
k
or, P 
V
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Solutions States of Matter 39
Applying log on both sides,
log P = log k – log V
Comparing with y = mx + c
We get slope, m = –1
42. Answer (2)
Let mass of all 3 gases mixed be x g.
x
 Number of moles of H2 =
2
x
Number of moles of He =
4
x
Number of moles of CH4 =
16

x
nH2 8
 H2 , mole fraction of H2 = = 2 
ntotal x x x 13
 
2 4 16

 Partial pressure of H2, pH2 = Ptotal H2

8
= 2.6 atm × = 1.6 atm
13
43. Answer (1)
Applying Graham's law of diffusion,

r1 M2

r2 M1

∵ Time of diffusion is same,

V1 M2
 
V2 M1

V1 = 16 mL
M1 = 32 g mol–1
M2 = 44 g mol–1

V1 44
 
V2 32

16 mL
or, V2 =  13.8  13.65 mL
44
32

44. Answer (1)

According to ideal gas equation,

dART
PA =
MA

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40 States of Matter Solutions

dBRT
PB =
MB

PA dA MB 2 3
  
PB = dB MA = 1 1 = 6 : 1

45. Answer (3)

We know,
partial pressure, pCO = ptotal × CO
pC  ptotal  C
4H8 4H8

pCO
Given, 1
pC4H8

CO
 1
C H
4 8

nCO
or, 1
nC4H8

i.e., Ratio of moles = 1 : 1

 Ratio of weight = Ratio of weight of 1 moles = 28 : 56 = 1 : 2
46. Answer (1)
According to Graham's law of diffusion,

rH M2 2
2
  (∵ M2 = 2 MH2 )
r2 MH 1
2

 rH2 = 2  r2 = 1.414 × 30 ms–1 = 42.42 ms–1

47. Answer (4)
∵ Temperature is same,

1
V
M
where, V = molecular velocity
M = molecular mass

V1 M2
 
V2 M1

V12 M2
or, 
V22 M1

Replacing the values,

u12 m2

u22 m1

or, m1u12  m2u22

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Solutions States of Matter 41
48. Answer (2)
According to kinetic theory of gases, at constant temperature, average K.E. of gas molecules remain constant
but K.E. of individual molecules differ since they have different velocities.
49. Answer (2)

T
Vrms 
M

 Vrms A TA MB
  
 Vrms B TB MA

Now, TA = 2TB
and MB = 2 MA

 Vrms A 2TB  2MA

   2 2 = 2
 Vrms B TB  MA

 Vrms A 200
or,  Vrms B = =
2
ms–1 = 100 ms–1
2
50. Answer (1)
Total kinetic energy of n molecules is given as

3
K.E. = nKT
2
 At – 123°C (or 150 K)

3
KE1 = N k × 150 k = E1
2 1
At 27°C (or 300 K)

3
K.E2 = n' k × 300 K = 2 E1
2

3 3
 n' k × 300 K = 2 × × N1k × 150 K.
2 2
2  N1
N' = = N1
2
51. Answer (1)
When number of moles of a gas and volume is fixed, then increase in temperature results in an increase in
velocity of molecules. As a result change in momentum increases and hence force increases. Increase in force
results in increase in pressure.
52. Answer (4)

3RT
Vrms =
M
Now, we know, PV = nRT
n
or, P = RT
V

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42 States of Matter Solutions

dRT
or, P =
M

P RT
or, 
d M

3P
 Vrms =
d

1
 Vrms 
d

53. Answer (3)

According to kinetic theory of gases, the molecules collides in an elastic manner, i.e. energy is not lost.
54. Answer (1)
Ratio of CP and CV gives an idea about atomicity

CP
When C  1.4
V

 The gas is diatomic

Now, at STP, 22.4 L corresponds to 1 mole of gas molecules
 11.2 L corresponds to 0.5 mole of gas molecules.
 Number of atms in 11.2 L
= 2 × 0.5 × 6.023 × 1023 ( gas is diatomic)
23
= 6.023 × 10
55. Answer (2)

Vreal
Compressibility factor, Z =
Videal

Z<1

Vreal
 <1
Videal

 Vreal < Videal = 22.4 L

 Vreal < 22.4 L (at STP)
56. Answer (1)
The temperature at which a real gas behaves ideally over an appreciable range of pressure is called Boyle's
temperature.
57. Answer (2)
'a' represents attractive force i.e. pressure correction
'b' represents occupied volume i.e. volume correction
58. Answer (4)

 T
At high temperature and low pressure, volume becomes very large  V  
 P

Also, magnitude of 'a' and 'b' becomes very less.

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Solutions States of Matter 43
Now, van der Waal's equation is given as

 an2 
P    V  nb   nRT
 V 2 


 an2   V 
or,  P  2   n  b   RT
 V   

∵ V is very high and 'a' and 'b' are low

So, the equation reduces to

V
P  RT
n
or, PV = nRT i.e., ideal gas equation
The equation becomes
PV = RT ; when n = 1 mole
59. Answer (1)
The graph of Z versus P is given as
Z
N2
H2
CH4
CO2
P

The higher the compressibility factor at a pressure, the more difficult would it be to liquify the gas.
 Ease of liquefaction
CO2 > CH4 > N2 > H2
60. Answer (2)
Critical temperature , TC is given as,

8a
TC =
27 Rb

Boyle's temperature is given as

a
TB 
Rb
and inversion temperature is given as

2a
Ti 
Rb

‰‰‰

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