Unit 4 – Earth and Space Science

Key Term Definition Link

Water  cycle that involves the

cycle/hydrolo continuous circulation of
gic cycle. Say water in the Earth-
what it is and atmosphere system. Of the
give a simple many processes involved
diagram. in the water cycle, the
most important are
evaporation, transpiration,
condensation,  
precipitation, and runoff. https://www.britannica.com/science/water-cycle
1
 This is the discharge
of water vapor from the
leaves of plants into the
atmosphere. It is a process
that the eye cannot see,
even though the amounts
Transpiration
of moisture involved it
significant.

 https://www.eschooltoday.com/water-cycle/what-is-transpiration-and-
evapotranspiration.html
2
 is any liquid or frozen
water that forms in the
atmosphere and falls to
precipitation the Earth. It is one of the
three main steps of the
global water cycle.  https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/precipitation/
3
 is water, from rain,
snowmelt, or other
sources, that flows over
Surface run
the land surface, and is a
off
major component of the
water cycle  https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/surface_runoff.htm
4
 is the process by which
water vapor in the air is  https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-condensation-definition-
Condensation
changed into liquid water.  examples-quiz.html
5
(of a liquid or gas) filter
gradually through a
percolate porous surface or
substance.
7
 water held underground
in the soil or in pores and
Ground water
crevices in rock  https://www.groundwater.org/get-informed/basics/groundwater.html
8
9 Tides  the alternate rising and  https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/tide
falling of the sea, usually
twice in each lunar day at
a particular place, due to
the attraction of the moon
 and sun.

 the part of the earth's

crust, waters, and
Biosphere atmosphere that supports
life.  https://www.dictionary.com/browse/biosphere
10
 is the layer of Earth made
up of solid rock and other
Geosphere
rocky materials.  https://study.com/academy/lesson/geosphere-definition-facts.html
11
 refers to
the gases surrounding a
star or planetary body held
in place by gravity. A
body is more likely to
Atmosphere
retain an atmosphere over
time if gravity is high and
the temperature of the
atmosphere is low.  https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-atmosphere-604801
12
 is the solid, outer part of
the Earth, including the
Lithosphere brittle upper portion of the
mantle and the crust.  https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/lithosphere/
13
 is the total amount of
water on a planet. The
hydrosphere includes
water that is on the surface
hydrosphere
of the planet,
underground, and in the
air.  https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/hydrosphere/
14
 the part of the earth's
surface characterized by
the presence of frozen
water  https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cryosphere
15 Cryosphere
is part of the upper mantle
located below the crust of
the earth. The
asthenosphere boundary is
primarily defined by
temperature, and it starts
when the crust heats up to https://study.com/academy/lesson/asthenosphere-definition-temperature-
Aesthenosphe 1300° C.  density.html
16 re
 the solid mineral material
forming part of the surface
of the earth and other
similar planets, exposed
on the surface or
underlying the soil.
17 Rock  
  is the geological process
in which earthen materials
are worn away and
Erosion transported by natural
forces such as wind or
water.  https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/erosion/
18
19 Weathering  the breaking down or  https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/weathering/
 dissolving of rocks and
minerals on the surface of
the Earth. Water, ice,
acids, salts, plants,
animals, and changes in
temperature are all agents
of weathering.

 are one of three main

types of rocks (along with
sedimentary and
Igneous rock metamorphic), and they
include both intrusive and
extrusive rocks.  https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/sedimentary-rock/
20
 are one of three main
types of rocks, along with
igneous and metamorphic.
They are formed on or
Sedimentary
near the Earth’s surface
rock
from the compression of
ocean sediments or other
processes.  https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/sedimentary-rock/
21
 rocks are rocks that have
become changed by
Metamorphic
intense heat or pressure  https://www.americangeosciences.org/education/k5geosource/content/rocks
rock
while forming.  /what-are-metamorphic-rocks
22
  is the mostly-solid bulk
of Earth's interior. The
mantle lies between
Earth's dense, super-
heated core and its thin
outer layer, the crust. The
Mantle
mantle is about 2,900
kilometers (1,802 miles)
thick, and makes up a
whopping 84% of Earth’s
total volume  https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/mantle/
23
 magma (molten rock)
emerging as
a liquid onto Earth’s surfa
ce. The term lava is also
Lava used for the
solidified rock formed by
the cooling of a
molten lava flow.   https://www.britannica.com/science/lava-volcanic-ejecta
24
 rock formed at or near the
Earth’s surface by the
accumulation
and lithification of
sediment (detrital rock) or
Sedimentary
by the precipitation
from solution at normal
surface temperatures
(chemical rock).   https://www.britannica.com/science/sedimentary-rock
25
26 Rock cycle   is a series of processes  https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/rock-cycle/
that create and transform
the types of rocks in
 Earth’s crust.

 a substance must meet

five requirements:

 naturally
occurring
 inorganic
Mineral  solid
 definite chemical
composition
 ordered internal
structure
 https://geology.com/minerals/what-is-a-mineral.shtml
27
 is a term used to describe
both sudden slip on a
fault, and the resulting
ground shaking and
radiated seismic energy
Earthquake
caused by the slip, or by
volcanic or magmatic
activity, or other sudden
stress changes in the earth.  https://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/glossary/?term=earthquake
28
  remnant, impression, or
trace of
an animal or plant of a
fossil past geologic age that has
been preserved in Earth’s
crust.   https://www.britannica.com/science/fossil
29
 is extremely hot liquid
and semi-liquid rock
Magma located under Earth’s
surface.  https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/magma/
30
is the very hot, very dense
Earth’s core center of our planet. https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/core/
31
is the outermost layer of
Earth’s crust Earth https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/crust/
32
 the sun together with all
the planets and other
Solar system bodies that revolve around
it.  https://www.dictionary.com/browse/solar-system
33
 Mercury, Venus, Earth, 
Name the
Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Ura
planets in the
nus, and Neptune.
solar system
34  
List the
planets in the  Sun,Mercury, Venus, Eart
solar system h, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, U
starting from ranus, and Neptune.
35 the sun  
 1.  The Lunar
Month
2. New Moon
3. Waxing Crescent
Moon
4. First Quarter
Moon
5. Waxing Gibbous
Phases of the Moon
moon
6. Full Moon
7. Waning Gibbous
Moon
8. Third Quarter
Moon
9. Waning Crescent
Moon
 
36
Draw a
picture of all
the phases of
the moon and
name each
37 phase.    

Global
warming

38
39 Ozone Layer
Greenhouse
40 Gas