Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Compulsory Subjects
IC 402 Engineering Management
EL 403 Power Systems
EL 404 Circuit and Field Theory
EL 405 Electrical Machines
EL 406 Measurements and Control
EL 407 Design of Electrical Systems
Optional Subjects
(Any three from any one group)
Group I Power Systems Group II Electrical Machines and Drives Group III Control & Instrumentation
EL 411 Energy Systems EL 421 Advanced Aspects of Electrical Machines EL 431 Control Theory
EL 412 Power Electronics EL 422 Power Electronics EL 432 Power Electronics
EL 413 High Voltage Engineering and Power EL 423 Electrical Drives EL 433 Process Control Systems
Apparatus EL 424 Electrical Power Utilisation EL 434 Instrumentation Systems
EL 414 Power System Performance EL 425 Microprocessors and Microcontrollers EL 435 Microprocessors and Microcontrollers
EL 415 Microprocessors and Microcontrollers
IEI EXAMINATIONS
Project Work
and
Laboratory Experiments
[10 (ten) experiments are to be undertaken from the prescribed list]
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Transmission line charts: Power factor and power angle of a
IC 402
POWER SYSTEMS .. B R Gupta. Power System Analysis and Design. S. Chand &
Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
.. A . Power System Analysis,
Group A (P) Ltd., New
Generation of electrical power: Conventional and Delhi
nonconventional methods. Typical layout of thermal and hydro
EL 404
power stationsmain and auxiliary equipment.
Load management: Base and peak loads. Load curves. CIRCUIT AND FIELD THEORY
Definitions of load factor, diversity factor, demand factor.
Capacity planning. Load forecasting. Capital and running costs
for different types of plants. Different electricity tariffsflat Group A
rate, two part and TOD tariff. Circuit Theory
Generator excitation systems: Speed and excitation control Graph of a network. Concept of tree, loop current and
of generators. Load sharing of generators in a system. node pair voltage. Tie set and tie set matricescut set and cut
Stability of power system: Definitions of transient and set matrices. Solution of equilibrium equations on loop and
steady state stability. Swing equation and its solution by step- node basis. Application of Laplace transforms for solving
by-step method. Equal area criterion for transient stability. transient equations of electrical circuits. Initial and final value
Group B theorems. Unit step, impulse and ramp inputs. Laplace
transform for shifted and singular functions. The convolution
Transmission of electrical power: Overhead and
integral. Fourier series and its applications. Exponential form
underground transmission line configurations. Materials for
of the Fourier series. Relation between frequency spectra and
transmission line conductors and insulators. Power station and
Laplace transform of the Fourier series. The concept of complex
sub-station switchyard and layouts. ACSR conductors, bundled
frequency, transform impedance and admittance; series and parallel
conductors. Overhead line poles, towers and cross arms. Single
combinations.
and double circuit lines. Untransposed and transposed 3-phase
transmission lines. Overhead line sag calculation. Effect of wind Network theorems: Thevenin, Norton, Reciprocity,
pressure and ice loading on transmission lines. Superposition and Telegen. Terminals and ports. Driving point
Transmission line parameters: Resistance, inductance and and transfer impedances. S-plane representation: Poles and zeros.
capacitance calculations. Skin and proximity effects. Corona and Time domain behaviour from pole and zero plots. Procedure
for finding network functions for general two-port network.
radio interference of EHV lines. Voltage distribution in
Radian frequency and sinusoidal network functions in terms of
suspension insulators. String efficiency. Different types of cables.
Capacitance of cables. Intersheath grading. poles and zeros. Resonance, Q-factor and bandwidth.
Asymptotic change of magnitude with frequency in terms of
Performance of short transmission lines: Line loss, efficiency poles and zeros. The symmetrical lattice.
and regulation of line. Zero regulation condition of power
transmission. Group B
Field Theory
Performance of medium transmission lines: Nominal T
and ^ representation. Regulation and efficiency of medium lines. Vectors and vector calculus. Gradient, divergence and curl of
a vector. Gauss, Stokes and Helmholtz theorems.
Performance of long transmission lines: Equivalent T and
^ representations. Propagation constant and chracteristic Electrostatics: Potential and electric field intensity. Conducting
impedance of a long line. Ferranti effect. Surge impedance boundaries, Coaxial spheres and cylinders. Laplaces and
loading. Infinite line. Wavelength of line. Determination of A, Poissons equations. Electrostatic energy. Uniqueness theorem.
B, C, D constants of transmission lines. Method of images; dipoles. Dielectric polarisation, electric flux
EL 406
generalised wave equations from Maxwells equations for the
magnetic vector potential. Specialization to Eddy current or MEASUREMENTS AND CONTROL
diffusion equations and non-dissipative wave equations.
Plane wave propagation and eddy current phenomenon as
solutions of the above relevant equations. Reflection and Group A
refraction of plane waves at the plane boundary of Measurements
electromagnetic media. Units and standards. Measurement of electrical quantities
Recommended Books such as voltage, current and power and power factor at various
.. M E Van Valkenburg. Network Analysis. Prentice Hall of frequencies.
India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. High and low value resistance measurement. A.C.
.. W H Hayt. Engineering Electromagnetics. Tata McGraw Hill potentiometer. A.C. bridges: Owen, Anderson and Schering.
Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi. Magnetic measurements: Flux, permeability and B H loop.
.. A . High voltage measurements: D.C, A.C. and impulse.
s, Delhi. Frequency and time interval measurement.
Group B
EL 405
Control
ELECTRICAL MACHINES Open loop and closed loop control systems. Concept of
linear and nonlinear systems. Transfer functions and block
diagrams. Signal flow graph.
Group A State variables: State equations. Matrix representation of state
D.C. machines: Parallel operations of D.C. generators. Speed equations. Relationship between state equations and transfer
control of D.C. motors. Testing of D.C. motors. functions.
Transformers: Construction of 3-phase transformers. Vector Time response: Transient analysis of feedback systems
groupings. Connections of 3-phase transformers- First and second order systems. Steady state error and error
Star, delta, zig-zag, Scott and Vee connections. Grounding coefficients.
transformers. On load tap changing arrangement of Frequency response: Polar plots, Bode plots, logarithmic vs.
transformers. phase plots.
Synchronous machines: Regulation of synchronous Stability: Concept and determination of absolute stability.
generators. Salient pole synchronous machines. Direct and Rouths criterion. Nyquist criterion. Relative stability.
quadrature axis reactances. Synchronisation of 3-phase Determination of gain and phase margin from Nyquist and
generators. Bode plots.
Starting of synchronous motors. V-curves for synchronous Root locus: Definitions. Construction of root loci. Root
motors. Synchronous condensers. Load and torque angles of contours, S plane analysis of systems.
synchronous machines. Control system components: D.C. and A.C. tachogenerators,
Group B synchros, D.C. and A.C. preamplifiers. Servo potentiometers
Three-phase induction motors: Torque-slip characteristics. and gyroscopes.
50 IEI EXAMINATIONS
Recommended Books Liquid and gaseous fossil fuels: Petroleum and natural gas.
.. E W Golding and F C Widdis. Electrical Measurements and Physical and chemical properties. Combustion equations.
Measuring Instruments. S. Chand & Co. Ltd., New Delhi. Manufactured and byproduct gases composition, heating value,
use. Air/fuel ratio for liquid and gaseous fuel boilers.
.. . Automatic Control
vt. Ltd, New Delhi. Cogeneration and combined cycle generation. Fluidised bed
combustion. Nuclear fission reactions: Fuel isotope energy release
EL 407
POWER ELECTRONICS materials, SF6, vacuum, air, insulating oils, ceramics, epoxy resins,
PVC, PTFF, PMMC, fibre glass, polyethylene.
Insulation resistance. Tacking index. Electrical and mechanical
Group A
properties of insulators used in transmission line. Different
Devices types of line insulators. String efficiency, bushings, general design
Power diodes, uncontrolled rectification and power loss approach of bushing.
during transients. Bipolar junction transistor. Power MOSFET, Cables: Different types of cables. Paper insulated cables,
IGBT, GTO and LASCR, UJT, UJT oscillator, its design and XLPE cables, gas-filled cables, technology and principles.
frequency stability. Generation of travelling waves in transmission lines, reflection
Driver circuit, pulse transformer and opto coupler. Thyristor, and transmission constants.
2-transistor analogy, triggering circuits, dv/dt and di/dt Power system grounding: Solid grounding, resistance
protections, snubber circuit and its design. grounding, reactance grounding, grounding through earthing
Cooling and head sinks. Natural and forced commutations. transformer, resonant grounding.
DC choppers, step-down and step-up operations, thyristor Group B
choppers and switching mode regulators.
Voltage surges: Lightning phenomena, lightning induced
Group B
overvoltage, direct stroke, indirect stroke. Protection of power
Applications stations and sub-stations and transmission line against direct
B1-2, M-2, B-6 and M-6 half/full controlled circuits with R strokes.
and R-L loads. Principle of phase control, circuits for control
Protection of electrical apparatus against travelling waves.
and UPS. 1-.. and 3-.... cycloconverter and harmonic reduction.
Lightning arrestorsexpulsion type, valve type, magnetic blow-
Inverters: Series inverter, domestic inverter, PWM inverter, out type and metal oxide type.
auxiliary commutated thyristor inverters, complementary
commutated thyristor inverters, currentsource inverters, 12-pulse Insulation co-ordination: Determination of the line
converters and hvdc link. insulation, basic impulse level and insulation level of substation
equipment. Selection of lightning arrester. Establishment of
D.C. drives: one-phase semiconverter/full-converter drives, impulse withstand level. Overvoltage due to switching.
3-phase semiconverter/full/dual-converter drives, 2/4-quadrant Reduction of switching overvoltage.
chopper drives.
Generation of high voltage and current in high voltage
Induction motor drives, V/f control and closed-loop
laboratory. Generation of high AC, DC and impulse voltage.
control.
Generation of high impulse current, impulse generator, testing
Recommended Books transformer, source resonant circuit.
.. Muhammad H Rashid. Power Electronics. Prentice Hall of
Non-destructive testing of materials and electrical apparatus.
India (P) Ltd., New Delhi. Measurement of DC resistivity, measurement of dielectric
.. C W Lander. Power Electronics. McGraw-Hill International. constant and loss factors, partial discharge measurement.
.. G K Dubey. Power Electronics. New Age International (P) Preventive testing of insulation: High voltage testing of
Ltd., New Delhi. insulators, bushings, cables and transformers. High voltage
testing of surge diverters.
EL 413
52 IEI EXAMINATIONS
EL 414 Power system stability: Transient power output of a
synchronous machine, effect of voltage regulator and governor
POWER SYSTEM PERFORMANCE
on enhancement of transient stability. The swing equations in
multi-machine system, numerical method of solution of swing
Group A equations and assessment of transient stability.
An overview of modern power system: Layout of typical Power system protection: Electromagnetic relays,
power systemgenerating station, substation, transformer, construction and operating principle of attracted armature,
transmission line, distribution, load. Symbols and circuit induction disc and induction cup type relay, inverse time lag
representation of various components of the system. Single relay, plug setting and time setting arrangement.
line diagram. Overvoltage, overcurrent, earth fault and neutral
Per unit method of calculation: Base quantities and per unit displacement protection. Primary and backup protection, co-
values, modification of per unit values due to change of base, ordination of overcurrent relays in radial feeder protection,
equivalent circuit of transformer on per unit basis, choice of directional overcurrent relay, ring main and parallel feeder
base quantities for power system analysis, advantages of per protection.
unit method of calculation, per unit impedance diagram of a Distance protection for transmission lines, three zone
power system. protection, tripping circuit, impedance setting for earth fault
Symmetrical components: Transformation of voltage, and phase fault types relays. Errors in distance measurement,
current and impedance to symmetrical component system, arcing fault, power swing, directional, reactance, mho, ohm and
complex power in terms of transformed voltage and currents, quadrilateral characteristics.
positive, negative and zero sequence impedances of different Differential protection schemes for generator and
power system components; equivalent circuits in terms of transformer, other protections of generator and transformer.
symmetrical component quantities, advantage of symmetrical
Pilot wire relays for feeders and cables, carrier relaysblocking
component representation.
and inter-tripping schemes, carrier equipment, carrier phase
Fault studies: Symmetrical three-phase fault calculation, fault comparison.
MVA and circuit breaker capacity, current limiting reactor, their
Recommended Books
placement and usefulness.
.. I J Nagrath and D P Kothari. Modern Power System
Unsymmetrical faults, classification, analysis of L-G, L-L and
Analysis. Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
L-L-G fault using symmetrical components, equivalent circuit
for representation of different kinds of faults, calculation of .. A R Van C Warrington. Protective RelayingVol.I.
fault current and post-fault voltages. Arcing ground, its Chapman and Hall, UK.
consequences and remedy.
EL 415
Load flow study: The basic load flow problem and its MICROPROCESSORS AND
importance, classification of system bus bars, formulation of MICROCONTROLLERS
load flow equations using bus admittance matrix, iterative
(See page 36, subject CP 425)
solution of load flow equations by Gauss-Seidel method,
acceleration for convergence.
EL 421
54 IEI EXAMINATIONS
Shop lighting, factory lighting, street lighting, flood lighting. Use of Bode diagram. Root locus, and Nyquist diagram for
Group B compensator design. Feedback compensator design, use of
inverse Nyquist diagram, minor loop feedback compensation.
Electric heating, welding and electroplating: Induction
PID controllers.
heatingprinciple of operation, scope of high frequency and
low frequency heating, induction heating, power supplies at Linear state variable feedback. Pole placement using state
different frequencies. variable feedback.
Induction heating furnacescoreless and core types. Nonlinear systems: Types of common non-linearities.
Properties of non-linear systems. Available techniques for
Arc heating: AC arc heatingdifferent arc electrodes, direct
analysing non-linear systems. Linearising approximations.
and indirect arc furnace and their power supply systems, electrode
Describing function techniques. Detecting limit crycling and
regulators, condition for maximum output, necessity of reactor
instability. Phase plane methods.
in arc furnace, general arc furnace transformer construction, energy
balance in arc furnace, advantages of direct arc furnaces. Lyapunovs stability criterion. Popovs method for stability
analysis of non-linear systems.
DC arc furnace supply system, different bottom electrodes,
twin shell DC EAF (electrode arc furnace) system, advantages Group B
of DC arc heating. Discrete-time systems: Introduction to discrete-time
Dielectric heating: Principle of operation, choice of voltage systems.
and frequency, electrode configuration. Z-transforms, inverse Z-transforms and bi-linear
Resistance heating: Different resistance heating materials and transformations.
their properties, causes of failures. Pulse transfer functions. Tune response of sampled data
Direct and indirect resistance heating furnace. Design of systems. Effect of sample hold and dead times.
resistance elements. Frequency response: Bode plots, polar plots and gain (db)
Electric welding: Resistance and arc welding and equipment vs. phase plots. Stability using Jury criterion, Routh-Hurwitz
for such welding. criterion, Nyquist criterion, Bode plot and root locus. Design of
compensators in Z-domain and Wdomain.
Electrolysis: Application of electrolysis, electro deposition,
electro extraction, electro refining. State space representation of discrete systems and sampled-
data systems. Deriving Z-transfer function model from state
Recommended Books
model of discrete systems. Solving timeinvariant state equations.
.. H Hewitt and A S Vause. Lamps and Lighting. Edward State transition matrix. Controllability and observability of time-
Arnold (Publishers), London. invariant discrete systems.
.. Utilisation of Electric Recommended Books
, Delhi.
.. I J Nagrath and M Gopal. Control Systems Engineering.
New Age International (P) Ltd., New Delhi.
EL 425
CONTROL THEORY
EL 432
POWER ELECTRONICS
Group A
Continuous-time systems: Performance specifications in (See page 44, subject EL 412)
time-domain and frequency domain. Correlation between time
EL 433
EL 434
element. Process transfer functionsprocess lag and dead time, INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEMS
self-regulating and non-self-regulating processes.
Process instrumentation diagram: Symbols and Group A
interconnections.
Instrument performance characteristics and specifications:
Process control sensors and transmitter, thermal sensors, Static and dynamic, analog and digital instruments. Errors in
mechanical sensors, analog signal conditioningintrumentation measurementserror, correction, precision, accuracy, statistical
amplifier, signal isolation, and filter. analysis of errors, mean, median, mode, standard deviation.
Analog signal transmission systems. Confidence intervals.
Analog process controller, P, PI, PD and PID modes of Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO), use of CRO in voltage
operation, controller-tuning methods, on-off controllers, anti- measurements and waveform display.
integral windup, anti-derivative kick and controller saturation. Measurements of kVAh and kVARh in three-phase load,
Velocity or incremental controller. Design of analog process trivector meter, summation metering, summation current
controller. Pneumatic process controllers pneumatic amplifiers transformer.
and relays. Use of IVD in impedance comparison, low resistance
comparison by using IVD.
Digital process controllerstheory. Digital controller in a
process control loop, analog-to-digital and digital-toanalog Study of bridge balance convergence and bridge sensitivity
converters. Realization of digital controller. in four-arm a.c. bridges, quad bridge for comparison of resistance
with standard calculable capacitor.
Final control elements: Actuators, positioners and control
Group B
valves.
A/D and D/A converters, digital voltmeters and
Recorders: Analog, digital and data loggers. multimeters, use of flip-flop circuits in up-down counters,
Group B digital displays.
Control loop characteristics. Controllability and stability Electrical transducers, linear variable differential transformers
root locus and Bode plot techniques. (LVDT), strain gauge, fluid flow and pressure measurements,
temperature transducer, light and radiation transducer.
Control schemes. Ratio-control, cascade control, feedforward Introduction to instrumentation amplifier, CMRR and active
control and multi-loop control. PID control. Process loop filter, sample and hold circuit, data transmission in digital
tuningprocess reaction method. Ziegler-Nichols method and instrument systems and PC, IEEE-488 bus, introduction to
frequency response methods. long distance data transmission (modems).
Characteristics of chemical processes. Heat exchangers, Recommended Books
distillation columns, chemical reactors, pH and blending .. E Frank. Electrical Measurement Analysis. McGraw-Hill
processes, delay time and its effect. Flow control, pressure control, International.
level control, and temperature control. Boiler controlfeed water .. A P Malvino and D Leach. Digital Principles and
control, drum-level control, combustion control and 3-point Applications. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., New
control. Delhi.
Computer control of processes. Direct digital control and .. D Patranabis. Principles of Industrial Instrumentation. Tata
supervisory control. Adaptive control systems. McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
Recommended Books .. A D Helfrick and W D Cooper. Modern Electronic
Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques. Prentice Hall
.. C Johnson. Process Control Instrumentation Technology.
of India (P) Ltd., New Delhi.
Prentice-Hall of India (P) Ltd., New Delhi.
EL 435
56 IEI EXAMINATIONS
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
The Revolution of the 21st Century Broadcasting started in 1937. Television
service made its beginning at New Delhi
Electronics and communication
on September 15, 1959. Satellite
engineering is the branch of science and
communication also is being utilised since
technology relating to the flow and control
1965.
of electricity through semiconducting and
other materials or through vacuum. India has a strong R & D base in
Electronics is concerned with the study electronics through the various
and applications of the motions of laboratories under the Department of
charge carriers (electrons, holes and ions) Space, the Department of Atomic Energy,
Radar Antenna
under the influence of externally applied the Ministry of Defence, the Ministry of
voltage or current, or in relation to the Communication and other user
incidence or production of radiant energy. Ministries, as also the academic
While electronics is properly a part of likes of Sir J C Bose, Herz and Marconi, institutions of national importance.
electrical engineering, the latter term is the invention of transistor by John Besides these, a number of production
often reserved for applications involving Barteen, Welner Brattain and William agencies have strong inhouse R & D
power generation, distribution and use Shockley of Bell Laboratories in 1948 and groups.
at low frequencies, for example, in utility subsequent improvements. Development A number of special manpower
systems and industry. Since the 1960s, the development programmes for the growth
dominant segment of electronics has Electronics and Communication of electronics have been initiated and
been known as solidstate, which involves Engineering is the study and specialised courses have been designed
transistors and other semiconductor application of electron, hole and ion which are being implemented through the
devices and assemblies. motion, including the means of UGC. Centres for Electronic Design
producing them, the laws governing Technology (CEDT) have been imparting
Barrier Breaking Communique
them and means for controlling training to engineers in latest design
Communication engineering started them for useful application in the techniques in electronics.
gaining momentum after the wide scientific, industrial and In 1970, the Government had set up
application of telegraph system, invented communication purposes. This is a separate Department of Electronics to
by Samuel Morse in 1832, replacing the one of the branches of engineering guide the growth of this vital industry in
semaphore communication. Telephone, which embraces a broad field of a balanced manner. Electronics
invented in 1876 by Graham Bell, created scientific and industrial effort Commission, constituted in February
a sensation. Electronic devices, however, without clear boundaries. The 1971, formulates policies in the field for
resulted from a by-product of Thomas application is concerned with the achieving an integrated and self-reliant
Edisons research on the incandescent design, manufacture, management base in the country.
lamp. He discovered in 1883 that a weak and application of electron tubes and Some of the leading organisations
electric current would flow across a partial solid state components in various engaged in the field of Electronics &
vacuum between a heated filament and a devices like radio, television, telecommunication engineering are:
metallic electrode. Involvement of J J
Electronics & Technology Development
Thomson, Rutherford and Sir Ambrose
Corporation; Semiconductor Complex
Fleming in development of telegraph and
of integrated circuit revolutionised the Ltd; Centre for Development of
illumination gave rich dividends.
application of electronic components in Telematics; Electronics Corporation of
Flemings two-electrode valve in 1904,
terms of improving life and reliability, but India Ltd; Central Electronics Engineering
followed by invention of triode by Lee
reducing the size, weight and cost. Research Institute; Central Scientific
De Forest in 1906, laid the foundation
Instruments Organisation; Indian
stone of a new branch with new hopes. Indian Scenario Telephone Industries;
Around the same time, that is, by the In India, the first telegraph line Telecommunication Research Centre, etc.
late Nineteenth Century, Maxwell laid the between Calcutta and Diamond Harbour Besides these, a number of state-owned
theoretical foundation of was opened for traffic as early as in 1851. Electronics Development Corporations
electromagnetics. The significance of his The telephone service was also introduced are actively involved in frontier areas of
work was realised through the pioneering in Calcutta in 1881-82 barely six years after electronics and telecommunication
work on wireless communication by the the invention of the telephone. engineering.