Newton's Law of Inertia: Objects at Rest

Newton’s Laws of Motion
Newton’s Law of Inertia

Objects at Rest
Simply put, things tend to keep on doing what they’re
already doing.
• Objects in a state of rest tend to remain at rest.
• Only a force will change that state.
Objects in Motion
Now consider an object in motion.
• In the absence of forces, a moving object tends
to move in a straight line indefinitely.
• Toss an object from a space station located in
the vacuum of outer space, and the object will
move forever due to inertia.
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Mass vs Weight
Mass Is Not Weight

Mass is often confused with weight.
• We often determine the amount of
matter in an object by measuring
its gravitational attraction to Earth.
However, mass is more
fundamental than weight.
• Mass is a measure of the amount
of material in an object. Weight,
on the other hand, is a measure
of the gravitational force acting on
the object.
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Projectile Motion-Horizontal Motion
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Projectile Motion-Horizontal Motion
Friction – Static and Kinetic
The Force of Static Friction f  F  

s N s
keeps a stationary object at
rest! s  coefficient of static friction
Once the Force of Static Friction

is overcome, the Force of Kinetic
f k  FN  k
Friction is what slows down a k  coefficient of kinetic friction
moving object!
Uniform Circular Motion – Centripetal Acceleration
Impulse Momentum Theorem
Derivation of Newton's Third Law from 2nd Law
Motion of Car on level road
Motion of Car on banked road
Work Energy Theorem for Constant Force
Work Energy Theorem for Variable Force
 
uuruur2 uur2uur uur2 uur2 uur
 
' uu '
1 1uu1 1+u -mv1211u= uu v
m ==
mm
v1 + m2uv222 v212 -+-um
v
2- v m 222 1v Long
Elastic Collision
1 2
m1u 2 222 2 before
2 2 collision
u1 u2

v 
 During
 collision
v  u1' u'2 Long
'
Total linear
v
1
momentum before collision =
2
'

 before
v v Long collision
1
Total linear momentum after collision
2
after
collision
u1 u2

   
uur uur uur uur v 
 During
m1 u1 - v1 = m2 v 2 - u2 v1 v2
 collision



v1' v '2 Long
after
By conservation of kinetic energy, collision
Total kinetic energy before collision = Total kinetic energy after collision

m1 u12 - v12 = m2 v22 - u22   
Relative velocity before collision = Relative velocity after collision
 m1 - m2   2m2   2m1   m2 - m1 
v1 =   u1 +   u2 v2 =   u1 +   u2
 m1 + m2   m1 + m2   m1 + m2   m1 + m2 
Inelastic Collision and Perfectly Inelastic Collision
u1' u'2 Long

Total linear momentum before collision = before
collision
Total linear momentum after collision u1 u2

   
uur uur uur uur v 
 During
m1 u1 - v1 = m2 v 2 - u2 v1 v2
 collision



v1' v '2 Long
after
By conservation of kinetic energy, collision
Total kinetic energy before collision is not equal to Total kinetic energy after collision
For perfectly inelastic collision, bodies stuck after colliding.

m1u1  m2u2
m1u1  m2u2  m1  m2  v or v 
m1  m2 
1 1 1
Loss in Energy: E = m1u1  m2u2  m1  m2  v 2
2 2
2 2 2
Relation between angular velocity and linear velocity
Derivation of Centre of Mass Coordinates
Conservation of Angular Momentum
Theorem of Parallel Axes
Theorem of Perpendicular Axes
COM of a Rod length L
Moment of Inertia of Cylinder
Moment of Inertia of Rod of length l
Moment of Inertia of Uniform Disc
Power in Rotational Motion
Kinetic Energy in Rolling Motion Inclined Plane
Acceleration in inclined plane motion
Kepler’s Third Law
Escape Velocity
Orbital Velocity
Total Energy of Satellite
Variation of g with depth
Variation of g with height
Derivation of Gravitational Potential Energy
Stress Strain Curve
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Young Modulus
Shear Modulus
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Bulk Modulus
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Variation of Pressure with Height
Pressure P at a depth h below the surface of a liquid open to the atmosphere is

greater than atmospheric pressure
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Buoyant Force
• Upward force that keeps things

afloat is equal to the magnitude
of the weight of fluid displaced by
the body
• Archimedes principle
• The magnitude of the buoyancy
force always equals the weight of
the fluid displaced by the object.
B   fluid Vobject g  Mg
M is the mass of the displaced fluid and not the mass of the object
Bernoulli’s Theorem
Torricelli's Law
For an open tank, the speed of liquid coming out through

a hole a distance h below the surface is equal to that
acquired by an object falling freely through a vertical
distance h.
Stokes Law
Viscosity and Reynold’s Number
Surface energy
Excess Pressure inside Drop and Bubble
Capillary Rise
Terminal Velocity
Linear Expansion, Area Expansion and Volume Expansion
Linear Expansion: Consider a rod of length l1 at a temperature T1. Let it be a heated to a

temperature T2 and the increased length of the rod be l2 then
l2 l1 (1 t)
  Coefficient of linear expansion and t  T2  T1
Area Expansion: If A1 is the area of solid at T1 C and A2 is the area at T2C . Then
Coefficient of Volume Expansion of Gas
Relation between α, β, γ
Conduction
Thermal Stress
Density of Water vs Temperature
Heat Transfer Mechanisms
Specific Heat and Latent Heat
Graph of Change of State with Temperature
Gas Laws
Boyle’s Law Charles’ Law
 Pressure and volume are inversely related at  Volume of a gas varies directly with the
constant temperature. absolute temperature at constant pressure.
 PV = K  V = KT
 P1V1 = P2V2  V1 / T1 = V2 / T2
Avogadro’s Law Gay-Lussac Law

At constant temperature and pressure, the volume
of a gas is directly related to the number of moles.  At constant volume, pressure and
V = K n absolute temperature are directly
related.
V1 / n1 = V2 / n2
P=kT
 P1 / T1 = P2 / T2
Dalton’s Law
 The total pressure in a container is the sum of the pressure each gas would exert
if it were alone in the container. The total pressure is the sum of the partial
pressures.
 PTotal = P1 + P2 + P3 + P4 + P5 ...
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Newton’s Law of Cooling
Work Done Isothermal Process
Work Done in Adiabatic Process
Work Done in Isobaric Process
Work Done in Isochoric Process
Relation between Cp and Cv
Synopsis of all Thermodynamic Process
Efficiency of Heat Engine
Efficiency of Heat Pump (Refrigerator)
Carnot Engine
Pressure by an ideal gas on walls of container
Law of Equipartition
Law of Equipartition
Mean Free path
Vrms, Vav, Vmp of Ideal Gas
Time Period of Spring Mass System by Force Equation
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Time Period of Spring Mass System by Energy Equation
Vrms, Vav, Vmp of Ideal Gas
Conservation of Energy in SHM
Time Period of Simple Pendulum – Linear SHM
Time Period of Simple Pendulum – Rotational SHM
Damped SHM : Derivation of Energy and Amplitude
Forced Oscillations and Resonance
Derivation of Displacement Relation : Travelling Wave
Speed of a Transverse Wave on Stretched String
Speed of a Longitudinal Wave Speed of Sound
B
v    (Where B is Bulk Modulus of the medium and v is velocity of wave)

FOR SOLIDS, speed of sound wave is given by
Y
v Where Y is young’s modulus of the solid and p is density of solid

FOR LIQUIDS, speed of sound wave is given by
B
v where B = bulk modulus of liquid.

Speed of Sound in Gas
Principle of Superposition and Resultant Intensity
Reflection AND Refraction of Waves
Equation of Standing Wave
Standing Waves: Open at Both End
Standing Waves: Open at one End
String fixed at both Ends
String open at one End
Beats: Derivation of Equation
When two sound waves of same amplitude travelling in a same direction with slightly different
frequencies superimpose, then intensity varies periodically with time. This effect is called
Beats.
Beat Frequency
Doppler Effect: Source Moving Towards Observer
Doppler Effect: Observer Moving Towards Source
Relative motion between Source and Observer in Doppler Effect

Newton's Law of Inertia: Objects at Rest

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Newton's Law of Inertia: Objects at Rest

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Newton’s Laws of Motion

Newton’s Law of Inertia

Mass Is Not Weight

PhysicsWithHimanshu Contact: +91 9867530456 TickleYourMind

The Force of Static Friction f  F  

Once the Force of Static Friction

u1' u'2 Long

For perfectly inelastic collision, bodies stuck after colliding.

Contact: +91 9867530456

Contact: +91 9867530456

Contact: +91 9867530456

Pressure P at a depth h below the surface of a liquid open to the atmosphere is

Contact: +91 9867530456

• Upward force that keeps things

For an open tank, the speed of liquid coming out through

Linear Expansion: Consider a rod of length l1 at a temperature T1. Let it be a heated to a

Avogadro’s Law Gay-Lussac Law

Contact: +91 9867530456

FOR SOLIDS, speed of sound wave is given by

FOR LIQUIDS, speed of sound wave is given by

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