Scope and Benefits of Corporate ethics / ethics in

management
Managing ethics in an organization

Submitted to the

School of Retail Management

in partial fulfilment of the
BBA- VI SEM. (Retail Management)

By

Roshit Motwani
2017BBRM072

Symbiosis University of Applied Sciences

Bada Bangadda, Near Super Corridor Indore
453112
Introduction

Dated back to Code of Hammurabi some 4,000 years ago, business ethics is a
social science, whose main aim is to define and examine the responsibilities of
businesses and their agents as a part of the general moral environment of a
given society. The products of this field of research are sets of rules and codes
of conducts, which serve as a means of protection from the possible
infringements of moral codes as a result from the general activities and
responsibilities of a firm to its stakeholders (e.g. generating profits for
shareholders and taxes to the government). This paper will briefly explain the
nature, aspects, scope and the growing importance of business ethics in today’s
economy.I have also included the definitions of ethics, business ethics and what
does they mean. I  Finally, it will describe several contemporary issues related
to business ethics like corporate social responsibility (CSR) and how they are
different from business ethics as well.

Ethics

Ethics is a branch of social science. It deals with moral principles and social
values. It helps us to classifying, what is good and what is bad? It tells us to do
good things and avoid doing bad things.

So, ethics separate, good and bad, right and wrong, fair and unfair, moral and
immoral and proper and improper human action. In short, ethics means a code
of conduct. It is like the 10 commandments of holy Bible. It tells a person how
to behave with another person.

Importance of Business Ethics

 Long-term growth: sustainability comes from an ethical long-term

vision which takes into account all stakeholders. Smaller but sustainable
profits long-term must be better than higher but riskier short-lived profits.
 Cost and risk reduction: companies which recognise the importance of
business ethics will need to spend less protecting themselves from internal
and external behavioural risks, especially when supported by sound
governance systems and independent research
 Anti-capitalist sentiment: the financial crisis marked another blow for
the credibility of capitalism, with resentment towards bank bailouts at the
cost of fundamental rights such as education and healthcare.
 Limited resources: the planet has finite resources but a growing
population; without ethics, those resources are repleted for purely individual
gain at huge cost both to current and future generations.

SCOPE OF BUSINESS ETHICS

Ethical problems and phenomena arise across all the functional areas of
companies and at all levels within the company.

1.Ethics in Compliance
Compliance is about obeying and adhering to rules and authority. The
motivation for being compliant could be to do the right thing out of the fear of
being caught rather than a desire to be abiding by the law. An ethical climate in
an organization ensures that compliance with law is fuelled by a desire to abide
by the laws. Organizations that value high ethics comply with the laws not only
in letter but go beyond what is stipulated or expected of them.

2.Ethics in Finance
The ethical issues in finance that companies and employees are confronted with
include:

 In accounting – window dressing, misleading financial analysis.

 Related party transactions not at arm’s length
 Insider trading, securities fraud leading to manipulation of the financial
markets.
 Executive compensation.
 Bribery, kickbacks, over billing of expenses, facilitation payments.
 Fake reimbursements

3.Ethics in Human Resources

Human resource management (HRM) plays a decisive role in introducing and
implementing ethics. Ethics should be a pivotal issue for HR specialists. The
ethics of human resource management (HRM) covers those ethical issues
arising around the employer-employee relationship, such as the rights and duties
owed between employer and employee.

The issues of ethics faced by HRM include:

 Discrimination issues i.e. discrimination on the bases of age, gender, race,

religion, disabilities, weight etc.
 Sexual harassment.
 Affirmative Action.
 Issues surrounding the representation of employees and the
democratization of the workplace, trade ization.
 Issues affecting the privacy of the employee: workplace surveillance,
drug testing.
 Issues affecting the privacy of the employer: whistle-blowing.
 Issues relating to the fairness of the employment contract and the balance
of power between employer and employee.
 Occupational safety and health.
Companies tend to shift economic risks onto the shoulders of their employees.
The boom of performance-related pay systems and flexible employment
contracts are indicators of these newly established forms of shifting risk.

4.Ethics in Marketing
Marketing ethics is the area of applied ethics which deals with the moral
principles behind the operation and regulation of marketing. The ethical issues
confronted in this area include:

 Pricing: price fixing, price discrimination, price skimming.

 Anti-competitive practices like manipulation of supply, exclusive dealing
arrangements, tying arrangements etc.
 Misleading advertisements
 Content of advertisements.
 Children and marketing.
 Black markets, grey markets.

5.Ethics of Production

This area of business ethics deals with the duties of a company to ensure that
products and production processes do not cause harm. Some of the more acute
dilemmas in this area arise out of the fact that there is usually a degree of danger
in any product or production process and it is difficult to define a degree of
permissibility, or the degree of permissibility may depend on the changing state
of preventative technologies or changing social perceptions of acceptable risk.

 Defective, addictive and inherently dangerous products and

 Ethical relations between the company and the environment include
pollution, environmental ethics, and carbon emissions trading.
 Ethical problems arising out of new technologies for eg. Genetically
modified food
 Product testing ethics.
The most systematic approach to fostering ethical behaviour is to build
corporate cultures that link ethical standards and business practices.

ADVANTAGES OF BUSINESS ETHICS

More and more companies recognize the link between business ethics and
financial performance. Companies displaying a “clear commitment to ethical
conduct” consistently outperform companies that do not display ethical conduct.

1. Attracting and retaining talent

People aspire to join organizations that have high ethical values. Companies are
able to attract the best talent and an ethical company that is dedicated to taking
care of its employees will be rewarded with employees being equally dedicated
in taking care of the organization. The ethical climate matter to the employees.
Ethical

Organizations create an environment that is trustworthy, making employees

willing to rely, take decisions and act on the decisions and actions of the co-
employees. In such a work environment, employees can expect to be treated
with respect and consideration for their colleagues and superiors. It cultivates
strong teamwork and Productivity and support employee growth.

2. Investor Loyalty

Investors are concerned about ethics, social responsibility and reputation of the
company in which they invest. Investors are becoming more and more aware
that an ethical climate provides a foundation for efficiency, productivity and
profits. Relationship with any stakeholder, including investors, based on
dependability, trust and commitment results in sustained loyalty.
3. Customer satisfaction

Customer satisfaction is a vital factor in successful business strategy. Repeat

purchases/orders and enduring relationship of mutual respect is essential for the
success of the company. The name of a company should evoke trust and respect
among customers for enduring success. This is achieved by a company that
adopts ethical practices. When a company because of its belief in high ethics is
perceived as such, any crisis or mishaps along the way is tolerated by the
customers as a minor aberration. Such companies are also guided by their ethics
to survive a critical situation. Preferred values are identified ensuring that
organizational behaviours are aligned with those values. An organization with a
strong ethical environment places its customers’ interests as foremost. Ethical
conduct towards customers builds a strong competitive position. It promotes a
strong public image.

4. Regulators

Regulators eye companies functioning ethically as responsible citizens. The

regulator need not always monitor the functioning of the ethically sound
company. The company earns profits and reputational gains if it acts within the
confines of business ethics. To summaries, companies that are responsive to
employees’ needs have lower turnover in staff.

 Shareholders invest their money into a company and expect a certain

level of return from that money in the form of dividends and/or capital
growth.
 Customers pay for goods, give their loyalty and enhance a company’s
reputation in return for goods or services that meet their needs.
 Employees provide their time, skills and energy in return for salary,
bonus, career progression, and learning.

Managing ethics in an organization

Promoting ethics in the workplace creates a positive culture for managers and
employees, as well as a successful business. The Society for Human Resource
Management (SHRM) notes that the stock price growth of the 100 firms with
the most ethical cultures outperformed stock market and peer indices by almost
300%, based on the most widely used measure of ethical workplace culture.
“The evidence indicates that a positive workplace culture predicts shareholder
value by enabling superior value-creation,” according to the SHRM. “The ethics
of a firm’s culture plays a significant role in creating and sustaining value.”

Businesses with strong workplace ethics add value to the organization and
support an environment where employees feel safe and valued. Leaders can help
create an ethical workplace culture that benefits shareholders, the organization
and people in the company.

Employee Ethics

The study of business ethics refers to the ethical dimensions of productive

organizations and commercial activities, and it applies to the production,
distribution, marketing, sale and consumption of goods and services.
Misconduct by employees and organizations can include anything from
conflicts of interest to violations of company internet policies to falsifying time
reports to bribery and illegal political gifts.

“Misconduct happens in every organization ,” Patricia Harned, chief executive

officer of the Ethics and Compliance Initiative (ECI), told the Center for
Association Leadership. “No organization is free from ethics and compliance
challenges.”

Harned’s assertion is based on 20 years of results from the ECI’s National

Business Ethics Survey of the U.S. Workforce. Highlights of the latest survey
include the following statistics.

 More than 40 percent of workers said they had observed on-the-job

misconduct that violated their employers’ standards or rules.
 Of those who witnessed misconduct, 63 percent reported what they saw.
 Of those who reported misconduct, 21 percent said they experienced
some form of retaliation.
 Sixty percent of misconduct involved someone with managerial authority.
Roughly a quarter of observed misconduct involved senior managers.

Promoting Workplace Ethics

How can managers help create a more ethical workplace culture? Leadership
and talent development consultant Steve Nguyen summarizes a list of practices
for management to accomplish this goal.
Be a Role Model and Be Visible

Employees look at top managers to understand what behavior is acceptable.

Senior management sets the tone for ethics in the workplace.

Communicate Ethical Expectations

An organizational code of ethics can reduce ethical ambiguities. The code of

ethics should state the organization’s primary values and the ethical rules that
employees are expected to follow. Managers should remember that a code of
ethics is worthless if leaders fail to model ethical behaviors.

Offer Ethics Training

Managers should set up seminars, workshops and similar programs to promote

ethics in the workplace. Training sessions reinforce the organization’s standards
of conduct, to clarify what practices are and are not permissible, and to address
possible ethical dilemmas.

Visibly Reward Ethical Acts and Punish Unethical Ones

Performance appraisals of managers should include evaluations of how actions

measure up against the organization’s code of ethics. Appraisals need to include
how managers achieve these goals, as well as the goals themselves.

Provide Protective Mechanisms

The organization needs to provide formal mechanisms that allow employees to

discuss ethical dilemmas and report unethical behavior without fear of
reprimand. This could include developing roles for ethical counselors,
ombudsmen or ethical officers.