COMPLETE RELAY SETTING DOC PP9-Plant-F

PP9 EXTENSION REINFORCEMENT (BLOCK F)
PROTECTION STUDIES AND RELAY SETTING CALCULATIONS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No.
1.0 PREAMBLE 3
2.0 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 4
RELAY SETTING CALCULATION 5
3.0 GENERATOR TRANSFORMER PROTECTION 5

Overall Differential Protection (87U) Without tap-off to 13.8kV Stn.
3.1A Swgr. 5
3.1B Overall Differential Protection (87U) With tap-off to 13.8kV Stn. Swgr. 11
3.2 Restricted Earth Fault Protectioon 17
3.3 Volts/Hertz Protection 18
3.4 Overcurrent and Neutral overcurrent (Back up) Portection 19
4.0 GENERATOR PROTECTION 21
4.1 Generator connected to three winding transformer 21
4.1.1 Generator Backup phase distance Protection (21) 21
4.1.2 Generator out of step Portection 23
4.1.3 Voltage Restraint Overcurrent Protection 25
4.1.4 Breaker Failure Protection (50BF) 26
4.1.5 Phase overcurrent (50/51) 27
4.1.6 Phase undervoltage (27) 29
4.1.7 Neutral overvoltage (59N) 29
5.0 13.8KV UNIT SWITCHGEAR 30
5.1 Busbar Differential Protection (Aplicable for three winding 30

transformer without tap-off)
5.2 Busbar Differential Protection (Aplicable for three winding 31

transformer with tap-off)
6.0 13.8KV STATION SWITCHGEAR 33
6.1 13.8kV Outgoing 3.2 MVA, 13.8/0.48kV Transformer Feeder 33
6.2 13.8kV Outgoing 3.5MVA, 13.8/0.48kV Transformer Feeder 35
6.3 13.8kV Outgoing 8/10MVA, 13.8/4.16kV Transformer Feeder 36
6.4 13.8kV Switchgear Emergency Interconnection Feeder to Plant-D 38
6.5 13.8kV Switchgear Emergency Interconnection Feeder to Future 40

Stn. Switchgear
6.6 13.8 kV Grounding Transformer 42
PP9 EXTENSION REINFORCEMENT

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6.7 13.8 kV Switchgear Bus-Coupler 42
6.8 13.8kV Switchgear Incomer 44
6.9 8/10MVA, 13.8/4.16kV Station Auxiliary Transformer 46

Differential Protection
6.10 13.8kV Switchgear Busbar Differential Protection 48
6.11 Check synchronising relay 49
6.12 Neutral Overvoltage Protection 50
6.13 Undervoltage Protection 50
7.0 4.16KV STATION SWITCHGEAR 51
7.1 4.16kV Outgoing 1 MVA, 4.16/0.48kV Transformer feeder 51
7.2 4.16kV Starting Motor Feeder 53
7.3 4.16kV Buscoupler circuir breaker 54
7.4 4.16kV Incomer circuit breaker 56
7.5 Restricted Earth Fault Protection for 6.4/8MVA Transformer feeder 58
7.6 Neutral time delayed overcurrent Protection 60
7.7 Check synchronising relay 60
7.8 Neutral Overvoltage Protection 60
7.9 Undervoltage Protection 60
8.0 480V SWITCHGEAR 61
8.1 480V Unit Fuel Oil Switchboard for GT 61
8.1.1 480V Outgoing Feeder to GT Crude Oil Heater Panel 61
8.1.2 480V Incomer to Crude Oil Heater Switchboard 62
8.1.3 Neutral overcurrent (Back up) Protection 63
8.1.4 Undervoltage Protection 63
8.2 480V Unit Switchboard for GT 64
8.2.1 480V Outgoing feeder to GT MCC 1 64
8.2.2 480V Outgoing feeder to GT MCC 2 65
8.2.3 480V Tie to Unit Switchboard from Essential Switchboard 66
8.2.4 480V Incomer from 13.8kV Unit Switchgear 67
8.3 480V Station Service Switchgear - Essential Switchgear 70
8.3.1 480V 50% Lighting and Receptacles and other station auxiliaries 70

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8.3.2 480V Wash water skid 71

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8.3.3 480V Outgoing to Unit Swithboard 71
8.3.4 480V Bus coupler of Essential Switchboard 73
8.3.5 480V Incomer to Essential Switchboard 74
8.4 480V Station Service Switchgear - Non Essential Switchboard 77
8.4.1 480V Outgoing feeder to Unit Area DB 77
8.4.2 480V Bus coupler of Non Essential Switchboard 78
8.4.3 480V Incomer of Non Essential Switchboard 79
ATTACHMENT:
Attachment # 1 3- Phase Short circuit study
Attachment # 2 Fault at Bus 53
Attachment # 3 Fault at Bus 17
Attachment # 4 Overcurrent (50/51) Protection Co-ordination -

Starting Motor - 4.16kV Switchboard - 13.8kV Switchboard - 380kV
GSU transformer

13.8/4.16kV, 10MVA Transformer - 13.8kV Switchboard - 380kV
GSU transformer

480V Uni Aux. Board - 480V Essential Switchboard - 13.8kV Station
Board - 380kV GSU transformer

480V Non Essential Switchboard - 13.8kV Switchboard - 380kV GSU
transformer

480V Uni Aux. Board - 13.8kV Unit Switchboard - 380kV GSU
transformer
Attachment # 9 Earth fault (51N) Protection Co-ordination -

4.16kV Distribution System
Attachment # 10 Earth fault (51N) Protection Co-ordination -

13.8kV Distribution System
1.0 PREAMBLE
Saudi Electric Company - Central Operating Area (SEC-COA), Power Plant PP9, Stage-II, Block-F, comproses twelve 12
nos.gas turbine GT 45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56. arranged in six pairs, feed the generated power to 380 kV
system through six ( 6) three winding transformers and XLPE cables to 380 kV GIS substation.

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2.0 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
Each GT is interconnected to generator transformer over generator and system circuit breaker with a tap off
connection over current limiting reactor at 13.8kV circuit breaker for connection to unit auxiliary transformer for
supplying power to unit auxiliaries. Auxiliary power requirement of each unit is derived at 480V over 13.8/0.48V unit
auxiliary transformer.
13.8kV station switchgear is formed taking tap off connection of power at 13.8kV from unit 52 & 53 that is located at
station electrical room. Power at 13.8kV is stepped down to 4.16kV over two (2) transformers for supplying station
auxilaries for entire power block of Plant 'F'. Provision is also made for interconnection with Plant 'D' for emregency
purpose. Further 13.8kV station switchgear shall have the provision for interconnection with future station switchgear.
4.16kV starting motor of each unit is fed from station 4.16kV station switchgear. Also auxiliary power requirement for
fuel and gas system of each unit is fed seperately over 4.16/0.48V transformer.
Plant essential and non essential loads are also fed from station 13.8kV system over separate auxiliary transformers.
Power distribution arrangement with relaying & metering as shown in below mentioned drawings, is considered for
for Protection
Protection Studies
Studies andand relay
relay setting
setting calculations.
calculations.
a) BNF-F00-BAO00-2007 Single Line Diagram For Generator, Generator

Transformer and 380 kV relaying & metering
b) BNF-F00-BBAO00-2008 Single Line Diagram For 13.8kV Station Switchgear

relaying & metering
c) BNF-F00-BCAO00-2009 Single Line Diagram For 4.16kV Station Switchgear

relaying & metering
d) BNF-F00-BFB00-2010 Single Line Diagram For 480V Station Service Switchgear -

Non-Essential Switchboard relaying & metering.
e) BNF-F00-BFB00-2011 Single Line Diagram For 480V Station Service Switchgear -

Essential Switchboard relaying & metering.
f) BNF-F10-BHA00-2013 Single Line Diagram For 480V Unit Switchgear -For GT

45,46,47,48,49 & 50
g) BNF-F20-BHA00-2012 Single Line Diagram For 480V Unit Switchgear-For GT

51,52,53,54,55 & 56
h) BNF-F20-BHB00-2014 Single Line Diagram For 480V Unit Fuel Oil / Gas Heater
Switchgear - For GT 51,52,53,54,55 & 56
i) BNF-F10-BHB00-2016 Single Line Diagram For 480V Unit Fuel Oil / Crude Oil
Heater Switchgear - For GT 45.46,47,48,49,50
For Generator transformer, transformer differential protection and restricted earth fault protection are provided in the
Transformer Management relay (T60) provided in generator protection panel located at the control room of local
electrical building for each pair of GT units. Back up overcurrent and earthfault protection are also covered with the
same relay. Each T60 relay covers the entire zone from 380 kV Bushing of GSU Transformer, upto one complete leg of
GSU LV winding and equipment connected downstream (i.e. winding of one GT Generator and tap-off to unit auxiliary
breaker 52U). Thus, for the 3-winding transformer case there are two T60 relays and each relay covers upto 52S
breaker connected from the other LV winding of GSU Transformer, thus creating an overlap of the zone between the
two (2) 52S breakers.
For 13.8kV unit switchgear, protective relaying mainly limited to generator protection that is covered with generator
management relay (G60) and generator circuit mangement relay (C60) that are covered under GE document
RECOMMENDED RELAY SETTINGS. Otherwise, system circuit breaker provided in 13.8kV system does not have
seperate relaying other than to facilitate inter tripping of the circuit breaker due to fault in associated system. For
busbar differential protection, relays are provided in 13.8kV unit switchgear located at the local electrical building for
each pair of GT units.
For 13.8kV and 4.16kV station switchgear, protection relays for incomer, bus coupler and outgoing feeders are
provided in the switchgear panel loacated at the station electrical building.
For 480V switchgear, circuit breakers are provided with in-built releases.

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For protection co-ordination of time delayed over current and earth fault relaying, minimum grading time interval (t')
based on the guidelines given in the Portective Relays Application Guide by GEC, UK is calculated as follows
2 E R + ECT
t '= ( 100
ER = Relay error
) t + t CB +t 0 +t S
ECT = CT ratio error

t = Relay operating time nearer to fault
tCB = Circuit breaker interruping time
t0 = Relay overshoot time
ts = safety margin
Total relay and CT error is assumed to be limited to 20% considering numerical relays. Fixed time
margin due to circuit breaker operating time, relay overshoot and safety margin is considered as
200ms.
Time interval for protection co-ordination is proposed to adopt as follows:
t' = 0.2 + 0.2t
RELAY SETTING CALCULATION
3.0 THREE WINDING GENERATOR TRANSFORMER PROTECTION
3.1A CASE1 :OVERALL DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION (87U) WITHOUT TAP OFF TO STN. SWGR.
3.1.1 Specification of GSU Transformer:
I Rated Power (Capacity) : 110 110 220 MVA

ii Type of Cooling : ONAN ONAF1 ONAF2
iii Voltage Ratio 380 13.8 13.8 KV
iv Number of Windings : 3
v Frequency : 60 Hz
vi Vector Group : YNd1d1
v Tapping range +14%, -10%
3.1.2 Determination of Maximum Current for which Differential Protection is to be

Stabilized:
The differential protection has to be stabilized such that it does not operate for a (through
fault), i.e. a fault outside the zone of protection.
It is established the attached Short Circuit Report that the maximum current for which the
Differential Protection is to be stabilised shall be equal to 666.4 Amps on 380 kV
I.e 18350 Amps on 13.8 kV side
(Refer Attachment-2, 3-Phase Fault at Bus-53, Page-15).
3.1.3 Determination of Current Transformer Settings:
Load current on Transformer windings at the rated output of Generator is as follows:
Irated = MVA Rating / (Sqrt (3) x Vnormal)
* Irated (380 KV Side) = 334.27 Amps

= 335 Amps
* Irated (13.8 kV- 83.2 MW Gen is feeding ) = 4351.17 Amps
Irated (13.8 kV- 52S Side) - (UNIT-55) = 4602.2 Amps

* = 4602 Amps
Irated (13.8 kV- 52U Side) -(UNIT-56) = 62.76 Amps

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= 63 Amps
* CT Ratio:
* 380 kV CT = 600 1 Amp
* 83.2 MW Gen Neutral CT = 6000 1 Amp
* 52S CT (UNIT-55) = 6000 1 Amp
* 52U CT (UNIT-56) = 6000 1 Amp
Calculation of CT Margin:
Imargin = CT Primary / Irated
Margin of 380 kV CT = 1.8

Margin of CT on GEN Neutral Phase = 1.4
Margin of CT on 52S CT (UNIT-55) = 1.3
Margin of CT on 52U CT (UNIT-56) = 95.2
Since, the lowest CT margin ( Imargin ) is available with 52S CT (UNIT-55)
Therefore, 52S CT is being selected as the “reference winding CT for the Relay”.
3.1.4 Calculation of Magnitude & Phase Angle Compensation for CTs:
Magnitude Compensation Factors (M) are the scaling values by which each winding current is
multiplied to refer it to the reference winding.
The Phase Reference winding is the winding which will have a phase shift of 0° applied to it.
The Phase Compensation angle is the angle by which a winding current is shifted to refer it to
the phase reference winding.
* Calculation of Magnitude & Phase Angle Compensation Factors is as follows:
Magnitude & Phase Angle Compensation factor for 13.8kV Gen CT:
M = ( Iprimary x Vnom ) / ( Iprimary-ref winding x Vnom-ref winding )

= 1.00
* Phase Angle shift of current seen by 13.8kV Gen CT with respect to phase angle shift
of current seen by the reference CT i.e. 52S CT (Unit-55) shall be 0°.
Magnitude & Phase Angle Compensation factor for 52S CT (UNIT-55):

= 1.00
* Phase angle of current seen by 52S (UNIT-55)CT with respect to phase angle of current seen by
the reference CT i.e. 52S (UNIT-55)CT shall be 0°.
Magnitude & Phase Angle Compensation factor for 52U CT (UNIT-56):

= 1.00
* Phase Angle shift of current seen by 52U CT (UNIT-56) with respect to phase angle shift
Magnitude & Phase Angle Compensation factor for 380 kV CT:

= 2.75
Vector Group of the transformer is YNd1d1. Therefore, Phase Angle shift of current seen by
380 KV CT with respect to phase angle shift of current seen by the reference CT

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i.e. 52S (UNIT-55) CT shall be +30°.
NOTE:
The Maximum allowed magnitude compensation factor (& hence, the maximum allowed CT
Ratio mismatch) is 32.
Phase
Angle
CT Primary / Magnitude
S.No. CT Margin Comp
Location Secdry. Compensation
ensati
380 kV Side of on
1 GSU Transformer
Generator side of 600/1 1.8 C1 = 2.75 +30°
2 GSU Transformer 6000/1 1.4 C2 = 1.00 0°
3 52S (UNIT-46) 6000/1 1.3 C3 = 1.00 0°
4 52U (UNIT-45) 6000/1 95.2 C4 = 1.00 0°
3.1.5 Selection of Setting Values for Differential Unit:
Relay Setting Data:
Type : T60 of GE Multilin

Characteristic : Differential Restraint Pre-set
Percent Differential Pick-up : 0.05 to 1.00 pu in steps of 0.001
Slope -1 Range : 15 to 100% in steps of 1%
Knee Point 1 : 1.0 to 2.0 pu in steps of 0.0001
Knee Point 2 : 2.0 to 30 pu in steps of 0.0001
2nd Harmonic Inhibit Level : 1.0 to 40% in steps of 0.1
2nd Harmonic Inhibit function : Adaptive / Traditional / Disabled
2nd Harmonic Inhibit Mode : Per phase, 2-out-of-3, Average
5th Harmonic Inhibit range : 1.0 to 40% in steps of 0.1
Operate times:
Harmonic Inhibits selected : 20 to 30 ms
No Harmonic inhibits selected : 5 to 20 ms
Dropout Level : 97 to 98% of pickup
Level Accuracy : (+/- 0.5% of reading or +/- 1% of rated)
(Whichever is greater)
Instanteneous Differential:
Pickup Level : 2.00 to 30.00 pu in steps of 0.01
Dropout level : 97 to 98% of pickup
Level Accuracy : (+/- 0.5% of reading or +/-1% of rated)
Operate times : < 20ms at 3 x pickup at 60Hz
3.1.6 Determination of Percent Differential Pickup Setting (Minimum Pickup) :
This setting defines the minimum differential current required for operation. It is chosen,
based on the amount of differential current that might be seen under normal operating
conditions.
Two factors may create differential current during the normal transformer operation:
a) Errors due to CT inaccuracies.
b) Current variation due to OLTC operation.
Maximum CT unbalance possible due to tap changer Position, +14% to -10%

= 14 % maximum with
nominal tap setting
Maximum CT error that can occur at normal load current

= 10 %
(±3% Ratio Correction Factor
(Refer IEC 60044-1, Page-77, Table-14)
Considering the above, we select an Initial differential current setting of 25% i.e.

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~ 0.25 x In.
3.1.7 Determination of Percent Differential Slope-1:
This setting defines the differential restraint during normal operating conditions to assure
sensitivity to internal faults. The setting must be high enough, however, to cope with CT
saturation errors during saturation under small current magnitudes but significant and long
lasting DC components (such as during distant external faults in vicinity of Generators).
The SLOPE-1 setting defines the ratio of differential to restraint current above, which the
element will operate.
The criteria for setting this slope are:
Differential Current (Id)

Slope-1 =
Restraint Current (Ir)
= 0.25 x Ir
1) To allow for mismatch when operating at the limit of the transformer’s tap changer
range; +14 to -10% tap changer range, this criterion contributes up to about 14% to the
slope setting.
2) To accommodate for CT errors. With a Class C400 CT, the CT errors up to 1 to 20 times the
rated secondary current. Thus, the second criterion contributes maximum ratio error up to 10%
to the slope setting.
From the above criteria, the composite contribution for Slope Settings comes to 25%.
Therefore, we select a Bias Slope of 25% i.e. 0.25 Ir.
3.1.8 Determination of Percentage Differential Break-1 & Break-2:
The settings for Break-1 and Break-2 depends very much on the capability of CTs to correctly
transform primary into secondary currents during external faults.
Break-1 should be set below a current that would cause CT saturation due to DC
components and/or residual magnetism.
To determine the maximum DC component current that would cause saturation of the CT
due to a through fault, a comparison of two fault locations have been considered.
It is observed that a fault on 13.8 kV Bus causes an Isym-rms (1/2-cycle) current of

5440 Amps (Refer Attachment No.-1, 3 Phase Fault at Bus-52) to flow
through the CT. Considering a Multiplying Factor (MF) of 1.671
corresponding to a X/R ratio of 57.1 attributing to the DC compon
offset,
Iasym-rms (1/2-cycle) current = 9090.24 Amps

= 9090 Amps
shall flow through the CT.
Therefore, DC component seen by the CT shall be

= SQRT (Iasym-rms ^2 - Isym-rms ^2)
= 7282.78 Amps
= 7283 Amps
Thus, the Max DC Component seen by this CT shall be:
Max. DC Fault Current (Idc)

Break Point-1 =
CT Primary
= 1.21
Therefore,
Select Break Point -1 = 1.2

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Break-2 should be set below the fault current that is most likely to saturate some CTs due
to an AC component alone. The 52S CT (Unit-55) shall see the maximum AC
component current alone due to high through fault current. The heaviest through fault current
of this differential zone shall be seen by the 52S CT (Unit-55), for a 3-Phase Fault at Bus-53.
The maximum through fault current seen by the 52S CT (Unit-55) is

= 18350 Amps
(Refer Attachment No.-2, 3 Phase Fault at Bus-53)
Max. Through Fault Current (If)

Break Point-2 =
CT Primary
= 3.06
Therefore,
Select Break Point - 2 = 3.0
3.1.9 Percentage Differential Slope- 2:
The Slope -2 setting ensures stability during heavy through fault conditions, where CT
saturation results in high differential current. Slope-2 should be set high to cater for the
worst case where one set of CTs saturates but the other set doesn't. In such a case,
the ratio of the differential current to restraint current can be as high as 95 to 98%.
As it has been seen earlier for this differential zone, the extreme case of complete
Saturation of one CT has been considered for a through fault at Bus-53.
The primary currents seen by the 4 boundary CTs are:

Ip1 = 6 - j 629 Amps (Refer Attachment No.-2, 3
= 630 Amps Phase fault Bus-53)
< (-89.45) deg (with respect to HV line-to-line voltage phasor)
Ip2 = (0 - j 1011) Amps (Refer Attachment No.-2, 3

< (-90.00) deg (with respect to LV line-to-line voltage phas

Ip4 = 0 Amp (Refer Attachment No.-2, 3

< 0 deg (with respect to LV line-to-line voltage phas
The current phasors seen on CT secondary are:
Is1 = 1.05 Amps

< (-89.45) deg
< (+30) deg
Therefore, < (-59.45) deg (with respect to LV line-to-line voltage phas
Is2 = 0.169 Amps

Is3 = 3.058 Amps

Is4 = 0.0 Amps

Assuming “No saturation” of any CT, the differential measured by the Relay shall be:

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Id = Is1 * C1 + Is2 * C2 + Is3 * C3 + Is4 * C4
= 0
Where, C1, C2, C3 & C4 are the Magnitude & Phase Angle Compensation factors for the 4 CT
inputs.
Is1 * C1 = 2.89 Amps < (-59.45) deg

= (1.47 - j 2.49)
Is2 * C2 = 0.17 Amps < (-90.00) deg

= (0 - j 0.17) Amps
Is3 * C3 = 3.06 Amps < (-89.51) deg

= (0.026 - j 3.06) Amps
Is4 * C4 = 0.0 Amp < 0 deg

= 0.0 Amp
= 0.0 Amp
Incase, the one CT is considered as completely saturated, i.e., Is3 = 0.
The Differential current input computes Id,

Id = Is1 * C1 + Is2 * C2 +Is4 * C4
= ((1.47 - j 2.49) + (0 - j 0.17))
= (1.47 - j 2.66)
= 3.039 < (-61.07) deg
The Restraint current input computes Ir = higher of the absolute values [Is1 * C1], [Is2 * C2] &
[Is4 * C4].
Thus,
Ir = 2.89
Ir = 3.1
Differential Current Computed (Id)

Slope-2 =
Restraint Current Computed (Ir)
= 98.0 %
= 98 %
3.1.1 Determination of instanteneous Differential Current Pick-up Setting :
The instanteneous differential element acts as an instanteneous over current element

responding to the measured differential current magnitude (filtered fundamental frequency
component) and applying a user - selectable pickup threshold. The pickup threshold should
be set greater than the maximum spurious differential current that could be encountered
under non-internal fault conditions (typically an external fault with extremely severe
CT saturation).
This setting is selected above the maximum spurious differential current seen by the CT
= 3.039 Amps
This shall be = 3.04 x In
Therefore, Selected instanteneous Differential pick up shall be

= 3.5 x In
3.1.1 Inrush Inhibit Function:

This setting provides a choice for 2nd harmonic differential protection bolocking during
magnetizing inrush conditions. Two choices are available: "Adapt. 2nd" - adaptive 2nd
harmonic, & "Trad. 2nd" - traditional 2nd harmonic blocking. The adaptive 2nd harmonic
restraint responds to both magnitudes & phase angles of the 2nd harmonic & the fundamental
frequency component. The traditional 2nd harmonic restraint responds to the ratio of
magnitudes of the 2nd harmonic & fundamental frequency components. If low second

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harmonic ratios during magnetizing inrush conditions are not expected, the relay should be
set to traditional way of restraining.
3.1.1 Inrush Inhibit Mode:

This setting specifies mode of blocking on magnetizing inrush conditions.Modern
Transformers may produce small 2nd harmonic ratios during inrush conditions. This may
result undesired triping of the protected transformer. Reducing the 2nd harmonic inhibit
threshold may jeopardize dependability & speed of protection. The 2nd harmonic ratio, if low,
causes problems in one phase only. This may be utilized as a mean to ensure security by
applying cross-phase blocking rather than lowering the inrush inhibit threshold.
If set to "Per Phase", the relay performs inrush inhibit individually in each phase. If used on
modern transformers, this setting should be combined with adaptive 2nd harmonic function.
If set to "2-out-of-3", the relay checks 2nd harmonic level in all three phases individually.
If any two phases establish a blocking condition, the remaining phase is restrained
automatically.
If set to "Average", the relay first calculates the avearge 2nd harmonic ratio, then applies the
inrush threshold to the calculated average. This mode works only in conjuction with the
traditional 2nd harmonic function.
3.1.1 Inrush Inhibit Level:

This setting specifies the level of 2nd harmonic component in the transformer magnetizing
inrush current above which the percent differential element will be inhibited fron operating.
The value of the INRUSH INHIBIT MODE setting must be taken into account when
programming this value. The INRUSH INHIBIT LEVEL is typically set to 10%.
3.1B OVERALL DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION (87U) WITH TAP-OFF TO 13.8kV STN. SWGR.
3.1.1 Specification of GSU Transformer:
I Rated Power (Capacity) : 110 110 220 MVA

ii Type of Cooling : ONAN ONAF1 ONAF2
iii Voltage Ratio 380 13.8 13.8 KV
iv Number of Windings : 3
v Frequency : 60 Hz
vi Vector Group : YNd1d1
v Tapping range +14%, -10%
3.1.2 Determination of Maximum Current for which Differential Protection is to be

Stabilized:
The differential protection has to be stabilized such that it does not operate for a (through
fault), i.e. a fault outside the zone of protection.
It is established the attached Short Circuit Report that the maximum current for which the
Differential Protection is to be stabilised shall be equal to 666.4 Amps on 380 kV
I.e 18350 Amps on 13.8 kV side
(Refer Attachment-3, 3-Phase Fault at Bus-17).
3.1.3 Determination of Current Transformer Settings:
Load current on Transformer windings at the rated output of Generator is as follows:
Irated = MVA Rating / (Sqrt (3) x Vnormal)
* Irated (380 KV Side) = 334.27 Amps

= 335 Amps
* Irated (13.8 kV- 83.2 MW Gen is feeding ) = 4351.17 Amps
* Irated (13.8 kV- 52S Side) - (UNIT-51) = 4602.20 Amps

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= 4602 Amps
* Irated (13.8 kV- 52U Side) -(UNIT-52) = 62.76 Amps

= 63 Amps
* Irated (13.8 kV- Stn. Swgr. side Side) -(UNIT-52) = 698.70 Amps
CT Ratio:
* 380 kV CT = 600 1 Amp
* 83.2 MW Gen Neutral CT = 6000 1 Amp
* 52S CT (UNIT-51) = 6000 1 Amp
* 52U CT (UNIT-52) = 6000 1 Amp
* 13.8kV CT For tap-off to Stn. Swgr. = 6000 1 Amp
Calculation of CT Margin:
Imargin = CT Primary / Irated
Margin of 380 kV CT = 1.8

Margin of CT on GEN Neutral Phase = 1.4
Margin of CT on 52S CT (UNIT-51) = 1.3
Margin of CT on 52U CT (UNIT-52) = 95.6
Margin of CT on 13.8 kV Stn. Swgr = 8.6
Since, the lowest CT margin ( Imargin ) is available with 52S CT (UNIT-51)
Therefore, 52S CT is being selected as the “reference winding CT for the Relay”.
3.1.4 Calculation of Magnitude & Phase Angle Compensation for CTs:
Magnitude Compensation Factors (M) are the scaling values by which each winding current is
multiplied to refer it to the reference winding.
The Phase Reference winding is the winding which will have a phase shift of 0° applied to it.
The Phase Compensation angle is the angle by which a winding current is shifted to refer it to
the phase reference winding.
* Calculation of Magnitude & Phase Angle Compensation Factors is as follows:
Magnitude & Phase Angle Compensation factor for 13.8kV Gen CT:

= 1.00
* Phase Angle shift of current seen by 13.8kV Gen CT with respect to phase angle shift
Magnitude & Phase Angle Compensation factor for 52S CT (UNIT-51):

= 1.00
* Phase angle of current seen by 52S (UNIT-51) CT with respect to phase angle of current seen by
the reference CT i.e. 52S (UNIT-51) CT shall be 0°.
Magnitude & Phase Angle Compensation factor for 52U CT (UNIT-52):

= 1.00
* Phase Angle shift of current seen by 52U CT (UNIT-52) with respect to phase angle shift
Magnitude & Phase Angle Compensation factor for 380 kV CT:

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(BLOCK F)
REV A

= 2.8
* Vector Group of the transformer is YNd1d1. Therefore, Phase Angle shift of current seen by
380 KV CT with respect to phase angle shift of current seen by the reference CT
i.e. 52S (UNIT-51) CT shall be +30°.
Magnitude & Phase Angle Compensation factor for 13.8 kV Stn. Swgr. CT :

= 1.00
Phase Angle shift of current seen by 13.8kV Station Swgr CT with respect to phase angle shift
NOTE:
The Maximum allowed magnitude compensation factor (& hence, the maximum allowed CT
Ratio mismatch) is 32.
Phase
Angle
CT Primary / Magnitude
S.No. CT Margin Comp
Location Secdry. Compensation
ensati
380 kV Side of on
1 GSU Transformer
Generator side of 600/1 1.8 C1 = 2.75 +30°
2 GSU Transformer 6000/1 1.4 C2 = 1.00 0°
3 52S (UNIT-51) 6000/1 1.3 C3 = 1.00 0°
4 52U (UNIT-52) 6000/1 95.6 C4 = 1.00 0°
5 13.8 kV Stn. Swgr CT 6000/1 8.6 C5 = 1.00 0°
3.1.5 Selection of Setting Values for Differential Unit:
Relay Setting Data:
Type : T60 of GE Multilin

Characteristic : Differential Restraint Pre-set
Percent Differential Pick-up : 0.05 to 1.00 pu in steps of 0.001
Knee Point 1 : 1.0 to 2.0 pu in steps of 0.0001
Knee Point 2 : 2.0 to 30 pu in steps of 0.0001
2nd Harmonic Inhibit Level : 1.0 to 40% in steps of 0.1
2nd Harmonic Inhibit function : Adaptive / Traditional / Disabled
2nd Harmonic Inhibit Mode : Per phase, 2-out-of-3, Average
5th Harmonic Inhibit range : 1.0 to 40% in steps of 0.1
Operate times:
Harmonic Inhibits selected : 20 to 30 ms
No Harmonic inhibits selected : 5 to 20 ms
Dropout Level : 97 to 98% of pickup
Level Accuracy : (+/- 0.5% of reading or +/- 1% of rated)
Instanteneous Differential:
Dropout level : 97 to 98% of pickup
Level Accuracy : (+/- 0.5% of reading or +/-1% of rated)
Operate times : < 20ms at 3 x pickup at 60Hz
3.1.6 Determination of Percent Differential Pickup Setting (Minimum Pickup) :
This setting defines the minimum differential current required for operation. It is chosen,

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(BLOCK F)
REV A
based on the amount of differential current that might be seen under normal operating
a) conditions.
b) Two factors may create differential current during the normal transformer operation:
Errors due to CT inaccuracies.
Current variation due to OLTC operation.
Maximum CT unbalance possible due to tap changer Position, +14% to -10%

= 14 % maximum with
nominal tap setting
Maximum CT error that can occur at normal load current

= 10 %
(±3% Ratio Correction Factor
(Refer IEC 60044-1, Page-77, Table-14)
Considering the above, we select an Initial differential current setting of 25% i.e.
~ 0.25 x In.
3.1.7 Determination of Percent Differential Slope-1:
This setting defines the differential restraint during normal operating conditions to assure
sensitivity to internal faults. The setting must be high enough, however, to cope with CT
saturation errors during saturation under small current magnitudes but significant and long
lasting DC components (such as during distant external faults in vicinity of Generators).
The SLOPE-1 setting defines the ratio of differential to restraint current above, which the
element will operate.
The criteria for setting this slope are:
Differential Current (Id)

Slope-1 =
Restraint Current (Ir)
= 0.25 x Ir
1) To allow for mismatch when operating at the limit of the transformer’s tap changer
range; +14 to -10% tap changer range, this criterion contributes up to about 14% to the
slope setting.
2) To accommodate for CT errors. With a Class C400 CT, the CT errors up to 1 to 20 times the
rated secondary current. Thus, the second criterion contributes maximum ratio error up to 10%
to the slope setting.
From the above criteria, the composite contribution for Slope Settings comes to 25%.
Therefore, we select a Bias Slope of 25% i.e. 0.25 Ir.
3.1.8 Determination of Percentage Differential Break-1 & Break-2:
The settings for Break-1 and Break-2 depends very much on the capability of CTs to correctly
transform primary into secondary currents during external faults.
Break-1 should be set below a current that would cause CT saturation due to DC
components and/or residual magnetism.
To determine the maximum DC component current that would cause saturation of the CT
due to a through fault, a comparison of two fault locations have been considered.
It is observed that a fault on 13.8 kV Bus causes an Isym-rms (1/2-cycle) current of

5440 Amps (Refer Attachment No.-3, 3 Phase Fault at Bus-16) to flow
through the CT. Considering a Multiplying Factor (MF) of 1.671
corresponding to a X/R ratio of 57.1 attributing to the DC compon
offset,
Iasym-rms (1/2-cycle) current = 9090.24 Amps

= 9090 Amps

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 15 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
shall flow through the CT.
Therefore, DC component seen by the CT shall be

= SQRT (Iasym-rms ^2 - Isym-rms ^2)
= 7282.78 Amps
= 7283 Amps
Thus, the Max DC Component seen by this CT shall be:
Max. DC Fault Current (Idc)

Break Point-1 =
CT Primary
= 1.21
Therefore,
Select Break Point -1 = 1.2
Break-2 should be set below the fault current that is most likely to saturate some CTs due
to an AC component alone. The 52S (Unit- 51) CT shall see the maximum AC
component current alone due to high through fault current. The heaviest through fault current
of this differential zone shall be seen by the 52S (Unit- 51) CT, for a 3-Phase Fault at Bus-17.
The maximum through fault current seen by the CT at Bus-17 is

= 18350 Amps
(Refer Attachment No.-4, 3 Phase Fault at Bus-17)
Max. Through Fault Current (If)

Break Point-2 =
CT Primary
= 3.1
Therefore,
Select Break Point - 2 = 3.1
3.1.9 Percentage Differential Slope- 2:
The Slope -2 setting ensures stability during heavy through fault conditions, where CT
saturation results in high differential current. Slope-2 should be set high to cater for the
worst case where one set of CTs saturates but the other set doesn't. In such a case,
the ratio of the differential current to restraint current can be as high as 95 to 98%.
As it has been seen earlier for this differential zone, the extreme case of complete
Saturation of one CT has been considered for a through fault at Bus-17.
The primary currents seen by the 3 boundary CTs are:

< (-89.45) deg (with respect to HV line-to-line voltage phasor)
Ip2 = (-2 - j 976) Amps (Refer Attachment No.-4, 3


Ip4 = 0 Amp (Refer Attachment No.-4, 3

Ip5 = (4 - j 56) Amps

= 56.14 Amps
< (-85.91) deg
The current phasors seen on CT secondary are:

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 16 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
Is1 = 1.05 Amps

< (-89.88) deg
< (+30) deg
Therefore, < (-59.45) deg (with respect to LV line-to-line voltage phas
Is2 = 0.163 Amps

Is3 = 3.058 Amps

Is4 = 0.0 Amps

Is5 = 0.0094
Assuming “No saturation” of any CT, the differential measured by the Relay shall be:
Id = Is1 * C1 + Is2 * C2 + Is3 * C3 + Is4 * C4+Is5 * C5

= 0
Where, C1, C2, C3 & C4 are the Magnitude & Phase Angle Compensation factors for the 4 CT
inputs.
Is1 * C1 = 2.891 Amps < (-59.45) deg

= (1.469 - j 2.490)
Is2 * C2 = 0.163 Amps < (-89.88) deg

= (0.000341 - j 0.163) Amps
Is3 * C3 = 3.058 Amps < (-89.51) deg

= (0.0262 - j 3.0579) Amps
Is4 * C4 = 0.0 Amp

= 0.0 Amp
= 0.0 Amp
Is5 * C5 = 0.0094 Amp < (-85.91) deg

= (0.00067-j 0.00938) Amps
Incase, the one CT is considered as completely saturated, i.e., Is3 = 0.
The Differential current input computes Id,

Id = Is1 * C1 + Is2 * C2 + Is4 * C4 + Is5 * C5
= (1.469 - j 2.49)+(0.000341-j0.163)+(0.00067-j0.00938)
= (1.47- j 2.662)
= 3.041 < (-61.09) deg
The Restraint current input computes Ir = higher of the absolute values [Is1 * C1], [I s2 * C2], [Is4 * C4] &
[Is5 * C5].
Thus,
Ir = 3.06
Ir = 3.1
Differential Current Computed (Id)

Slope-2 =
Restraint Current Computed (Ir)

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(BLOCK F)
REV A
= 98.1 %
= 98 %
3.1.1 Determination of instanteneous Differential Current Pick-up Setting :
The instanteneous differential element acts as an instanteneous over current element

responding to the measured differential current magnitude (filtered fundamental frequency
component) and applying a user - selectable pickup threshold. The pickup threshold should
be set greater than the maximum spurious differential current that could be encountered
under non-internal fault conditions (typically an external fault with extremely severe
CT saturation).
This setting is selected above the maximum spurious differential current seen by the CT
= 3.041 Amps
This shall be = 3.041 x In
Therefore, Selected instanteneous Differential pick up shall be

= 3.5 x In
3.1.1 Inrush Inhibit Function:

This setting provides a choice for 2nd harmonic differential protection bolocking during
magnetizing inrush conditions. Two choices are available: "Adapt. 2nd" - adaptive 2nd
harmonic, & "Trad. 2nd" - traditional 2nd harmonic blocking. The adaptive 2nd harmonic
restraint responds to both magnitudes & phase angles of the 2nd harmonic & the fundamental
frequency component. The traditional 2nd harmonic restraint responds to the ratio of
magnitudes of the 2nd harmonic & fundamental frequency components. If low second
harmonic ratios during magnetizing inrush conditions are not expected, the relay should be
set to traditional way of restraining.
3.1.1 Inrush Inhibit Mode:

This setting specifies mode of blocking on magnetizing inrush conditions.Modern
Transformers may produce small 2nd harmonic ratios during inrush conditions. This may
result undesired triping of the protected transformer. Reducing the 2nd harmonic inhibit
threshold may jeopardize dependability & speed of protection. The 2nd harmonic ratio, if low,
causes problems in one phase only. This may be utilized as a mean to ensure security by
applying cross-phase blocking rather than lowering the inrush inhibit threshold.
If set to "Per Phase", the relay performs inrush inhibit individually in each phase. If used on
modern transformers, this setting should be combined with adaptive 2nd harmonic function.
If set to "2-out-of-3", the relay checks 2nd harmonic level in all three phases individually.
If any two phases establish a blocking condition, the remaining phase is restrained
automatically.
If set to "Average", the relay first calculates the avearge 2nd harmonic ratio, then applies the
inrush threshold to the calculated average. This mode works only in conjuction with the
traditional 2nd harmonic function.
3.1.1 Inrush Inhibit Level:

This setting specifies the level of 2nd harmonic component in the transformer magnetizing
inrush current above which the percent differential element will be inhibited fron operating.
The value of the INRUSH INHIBIT MODE setting must be taken into account when
programming this value. The INRUSH INHIBIT LEVEL is typically set to 10%.
3.2 Restricted Earth Fault Protection
3.2.1 Relay Setting Data:
Type : T60 OF GE MULITIN

Ratio of Line Side CT : 600 / 1 Amp
Ratio of Neutral Side CT : 600 / 1 Amp
3.2.2 Specification of the Transformer:

Rating : 220 MVA

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(BLOCK F)
REV A
Voltage Ratio : 380 13.8 13.8 KV
Transformer Impedance (Z) : 29%
Vector Group : YNd1d1
Rated Load Current = 334.27 Amps

= 335 Amps
Maximum Earth Fault Current Igf (max) from the short circuit report for L-G & L-L-G, seen by
REF CTs on 380 kV side, the maximum is taken as:
= 83.78 Amps
For a Winding Fault at 10% from the Neutral I (fault) is

= 8.4
= 608 Amps
The Phase Current Iph increases due to the fault are negligible, therefore,
3 Io = 0 Amps
Therefore, Pickup setting = Igd

= I 3 Io - Ig I
= (0 - I-fault) / CT Ratio
= 1.0133 Amps
= 0.003 pu
Slope = Igd / I phase (max)

= 0.025
= 2.5
Time Delay = 100 ms

(As per the Relay Manufacturers
recommendation to cope with CT saturation
on an external faults).
3.3 VOLTS / HERTZ PROTECTION (24) :
3.3.1 Relay Setting Data

Relay Make : T60 of GE Multilin
Voltage : Phasor only
Pickup Level : 0.80 to 4.00 in steps of 0.01 pu V/Hz
Dropout Level : 97% to 98% of Pickup
Level Accuracy : ± 0.02 pu
Timing Curves : Definite Time; Inverse A, B & C; Flex Curves TM A, B, C & D
TD Multiplier : 0.05 to 600.00 sec in steps of 0.01
Reset Delay : 0.0 to 1000.0 sec in steps of 0.1
Timing Accuracy : ± 3% or ± 4ms (whichever is greater)
3.3.2 Selection of Setting Values :
The Per-Unit V/Hz value is calculated using the maximum of the three-phase voltage inputs or the auxiliary
voltage channel Vx input, if the source is not configured with the phase voltages.
Inverse Curve A:
The Curve for the Volts/Hertz Inverse Curve A shape is derived from the formula given below:
Where,
T = Operating Time
TDM = Time Delay Multiplier (Delay in Sec)
V = Fundamental RMS Value of Voltage (pu)
F = Frequency of Voltage Signal (pu)

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(BLOCK F)
REV A
Pickup = Volts-Per-Hertz Pickup Setpoint (pu)
A Transformer can withstand 120% of V/f i.e.,

V/f = 120%
= 1.2
For this, we select T, Operate Time,
= 10 Sec
Source Voltage = 13.8 kV

Nominal Frequency = 60 Hz
Now, Pickup = ((1.2*13.8)/1.732)/60

= 1.0 pu
But as per the System Voltage,

Pickup = ((115/1.732)*1.2)/60

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(BLOCK F)
REV A
= 1.15 pu
Therefore, (V/f)/Pickup = (1.15/1.0)
= 1.15 pu
Now As per the Formulae,

10 = TDM
(1.15)*(1.15)-1
Therefore, TDM = 3.225

= 3.0
3.4 OVERCURRENT AND NEUTRAL OVERCURRENT (BACK UP) PROTECTION
Relay Data for 50/ 51/ 51N Protection:
Type: Transformer Management Relay (T60)
Phase/ Ground Time Over Current : 0.0 to 30.0 X In in steps of 0.001 X In

(51P, 51N) setting
TMS Setting: 0.00 to 600 in steps of 0.01 (IEC Curves)
instanteneous Pickup:
Overcurrent (50): 0.0 X In to 30 X In in steps of 0.001 X In
Definite Time: 0.00 to 600.00 sec in steps of 0.01 sec
Relay Setting Calculations
Transformer Capacity: 220 MVA
Voltage Rating: 380 13.8 13.8 kV
Trfr.Impedance: 58 %
C.T Parameters: 600 1 Amp, 15 VA, 5P20
Rated Current of Transformer = 220 MVA/(sqrt(3)X380)

= 334.26 Amps = 335.00 Amps (Say) at 380 kV
At 4.16 kV = 30600.96 Amps
= 30600.00 Amps (say) at 4.16 kV
IDMT Overcurrent Setting (51P):
Current is set at 335/ CTR i.e = 0.56

For proper coordination, PSM is selected as = 0.56
Therefore, Ipickup = 600 X 0.50 = 336.00 Amps at 380 kV

= 30692.31 Amps at 4.16 kV
= 30692.00 Amps (Say) at 4.16 kV
Maximum Through Fault Current = Incomer Transformer MVA X 1000/ Xfr. % Imp/(sqrt(3) X 132)
= 576.30 Amps at 380 kV
= 576.00 Amps (Say) at 380 kV
= 52615.38 Amps at 4.16 kV
= 52615.00 Amps (Say) at 4.16 kV
Time interval for proper co-ordination with downstream 13.8 kV Station switchboard Incomer
is proposed to be adopted as follows:
t' = 0.2+0.2 X t Where t= normal operating time of downstream Relay

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(BLOCK F)
REV A
Relay operating time of downstream 13.8 kV Station switchboard Incomer at 32370 A @ 4.16 kV is set at

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(BLOCK F)
REV A
1.1 sec.
For proper coordination with downstream Station switchboard Incomer, operating time of 13.8 kV Incomer
corresponding to a high set current of 32370.00 is set at :
= 1.52 Sec
= 1.50 Sec considered
Required TMS Setting for Normal Inverse type Overcurrent Protection to achieve desired operating
time of 1.50 sec at 32370 / 30692 i.e 1.05 times of Set Current
Calculated as follows:
0.14
1.5 = TMS X
(I/Ipickup).02 - 1
Therefore, TMS = 0.01

= 0.06 Say For proper co-ordination
Selected Setting:
IDMT Overcurrent Setting = 0.56 X In
Curve = Normal Inverse
TMS = 0.06
Instanteneous Current Setting (50):
Instanteneous Overcurrent pickup is proposed to be set so that the relay does not operate under
Transformer Through Fault Current.
Current is set at aproximately at 1.3 X 52615 i.e = 68399.5 Amps

69057.0 Amps say
= 2.25 times the set current I
= 1.26 X In
= 1.25 X In (Say)
Definite Time is proposed to be set at 100 msec corresponding to instanteneous set current.
Selected Setting:
instanteneous Overcurrent Setting = 1.25 X In
Definite Time = 0.10 Sec
Ground Overcurrent Setting (51N):
Time interval for proper coordination with 380 kV line side relay is proposed to be adopted as follows:
t' = 0.2 + 0.2 X t where t = normal operating time of line side relay
For proper coordination between transformer line side relay and generator transformer neutral side relay,
operating time is considered as 0.75 sec considering 0.45 sec relay operating time of line side
circuit breaker at 20 times relay set current.
Required TMS Setting for Normal Inverse type Earth fault Protection to achieve desired operating
time at 20.00 times relay set current is calculated as follows:
0 .14
0.75 = TMS X
(I/Ipickup).02 - 1

= 0.40 Say
Selected Setting:

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(BLOCK F)
REV A
TMS = 0.40
4.0 GENERATOR PROTECTION
For Generator Protection, ‘G-60’ relay is provided in the Generator Protection panel. These relays
. Distance Backup
are integrated Protection*
protection systems which cover the following protections.:
. Volts/Hertz
. Under Voltage
. Third Harmonic
. Directional Power
. Loss of Excitation
. Negative Sequence overcurrent
. Out of Step*
. Voltage restrained Overcurrent*
. Phase Over voltage
. Overvoltage, Neutral (Gnd Protection)
Under frequency
Generator Stator Differential
Generator circuit management relay 'C60' is also provided in the Generator Protection panel.
Protection features covered under these relays are as follows:
. Breaker Failure protection*
. Phase overcurrent*
. Phase undervoltage*
. Neutral overvoltage*
. Synchrocheck
. Inadvertent energization protection
For the * marked functions, relay setting calculation is covered in the subsequent clauses.
4.1 GENERATOR CONNECTED TO THREE WINDING GSU TRANSFORMER
4.1.1 GENERATOR BACKUP PHASE DISTANCE PROTECTION (21)

Relay is not set to dedect fault in the 380V Transmission bus upto 80% of th outgoing 380kV transmission
lines. The relay should not overreach beyond of any transmission line to which is to connected.
Generator Transformer Data (Areva)
MVA Rating = 110 MVA for each winding

Voltage rating = 380 kV
X HV-LV = 29% @ 110 MVA base
Generator Data:
Apparent Power : 104 MVA

Terminal Voltage : 13.8 KV
Frequency : 60 Hz
Power Factor : 0.8
Saturated Subtransient Reactance (X’’d) : 14 %
Saturated Transient Reactance (X’d) : 22.5 %
Base Reactance : = 1.831 ohms

Armature Winding DC Resistance = 0.002 ohms
CT/PT Data
LV PT Ratio 14400/120
LV CT Ratio 6000/1
HV CT Ratio 600/1
HV PT Ratio 380000/115
Transformer impedance, Zt 29 % @ 110 MVA base
Transformer MVA 110 MVA for each winding
Transformer kV 380 kV
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(BLOCK F)
REV A
Transformer Impedance (ohms) Zt X (kV)2/ MVA

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(BLOCK F)
REV A
= 380.6909 ohms
Transformer Load Loss, Pt = 264 kW
Rated current It =
= 167.13 A
Resistance of Transformer = Pt/ 3 It2

= 3.1504 ohms
Transformer Reactance Z H-X1 (Pri) = 380.678 ohms
Impedance angle = 89.53
CT Ratio = 6000/1 6000
PT Ratio = 14400/120 120

Transformation Ratio Tr = CT/PT
= 50
Transformer impedance (relay ohms) Z H-X1 (rel) = Z H-X1 (Pri) X (VGEN/VLINE)2 X Tr
= 25.10 ohms 89.53
Cable Data:
380kV Cable Impedance = 0.032 + j 0.343

Considering 1950m length of cable = 0.0624 + j 0.6689
= 0.6718 ohms 84.67
Cable impedance (relay ohms), Z cable (rel) = Z cable (pri) X (VGEN/VLINE)2 X Tr

= 0.0443 ohms 84.67
90% of cable impedance = 0.0399 ohms
Generator Data
Base MVA = 104 MVA

Base kV = 13.8 kV
Generator Impedance in ohms ZGen (Sec) = 14/100 X (13.8) 2/ 104
= 0.256 ohms
Impedance Angle at Xd'' = 89.55 deg.
Generator Impedance in ohms ZGen (pri) = Z Gen (sec) X (VLINE/VGEN)2
= 194.11 ohms 89.55
Generator impedance (relay ohms), ZGen (rel) = ZGen (SEC) X Tr

= 12.8 ohms
ZGen (pri) + Z H-X1 (Pri) = 194.11 ohms 89.55 deg.+380.678 ohms 89.53 deg.
= 1.5245 + j 194.1045 + 3.1503 + j
= 4.6748 + j 574.7693
= 574.79 ohms 89.53 deg.
For a fault on 380 kV system, Generator fault contribution is 380/(1.732X ZGen (pri) + Z H-X1 (Pri)
382 Amps
Relay Ohmic Reach, Z = ZH-X1 (rel) + KX 0.9X Z cable (rel)
with
Minimum = 25.10 ohms 89.53 deg. + 0.9 x 0.0443 ohms 84.67 deg.
infeed = 0.2077 +j 25.1017 + 0.9x 0.0041 +j
(K=1) is = 0.2114 +j 25.14
= 25.1423 ohms 89.52 deg.
Reach setting IMPDes = 25.00 ohms

Impedance Angle Setting = 89.52 deg
Generator Impedance as percentage of reach setting = 100% X ZGen (rel)/ IMPDes
= 51.20 %
With an offset of 40% of the reach setting, backup protection is supplied to 40/ 51.20
BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 26 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
= 78.13 % of the Gas turbine Generator stator winding.
Time delay setting is recommended as 0.8 sec in line with the practice adopted for the existing
Generators
Settings :
Reach setting: 25.00 ohms
Offset: 40%
Impedance angle: 89.52 deg.
Delay 0.8 sec.
4.1.2 GENERATOR OUT OF STEP PROTECTION (78)
Relay Data:
Circle diameter : 0.1 to 100 ohms @ 0.1 ohm

Off set : -100 to 100 ohms @ 0.1 ohm
Impedance Angle : 0 to 90 degree @ 1 degree
Blinder : 0.1 to 50 ohms @ 0.1 ohm
Time delay : 1 to 8160 cycles @ 1 cycle
Trip on Mho Exit : Enable/Disable
Pole slip Counter : 1 to 20 @ 1
Pole slip reset : 1 to 8160 cycles @ 1 cycle
Diameter Setting:
Setting : 1.5 Xt + 2 Xd’

Where,
Xt is Transformer reactance
Xd’ is Transient reactance of the Generator
Transformer Reactance:
Transformer impedance, Zt = 29 %@110 MVA

Transformer MVA = 110 MVA for each winding
Transformer kV = 380 kV
Transformer Impedance (ohms) = Zt x (KV)2 / MVA
= 380.69 ohms
Transformer load loss,Pt = 264 kW
Rated Current , It = 110000 / (1.732 x 380)
= 167.13
Resistance of Transformer = Pt/ 3 It2

= 3.1504 ohms
Transformer Reactance Z H-X1(Pri) = 380.68 ohms
Impedance Angle = 89.53 deg.
CT Ratio = 6000/1 6000
PT Ratio = 14400/120 120
Transformation Ratio Tr = CT/PT

= 50
Transformer impedance (relay ohms), Z H-X1(rel)

=Z H-X1(Pri)
x (VGen / VLine)2 x Tr
25.10 ohms 89.53 deg.
Generator Reactance:
Base MVA = 104 MVA

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 27 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
Base kV = 13.8 kV
Saturated transient Reactance(X’d) = 22.5 %
Generator reactance (ohms), Xg = 22.5/100 x (13.8)2/104
= 0.41 ohms 89.72
Generator reactance (relay ohms), X Gen(rel) = Xg x Tr
= 20.60 ohms
Setting = 1.5 Xt + 2 Xd’

= 78.85 ohms
Selected Diameter setting = 79 ohms
Offset Setting:
Setting = - 2 Xd’
Offset Setting = -41.20 ohms
Selected Offset setting = -41.2 ohms
Blinder Impedance Setting:
Setting : (1/2) ( Xd’ + Xt + Xs) tan (j -(a/2))

Where,
Xt is Transformer reactance
Xs is System Reactance
j is 90 degree
a is 120 degree
System Reactance:
System Fault level, kA = 50 kA

System Voltage = 380 kV
System Impedance (ohms) = 380/(1.732 x 50)

= 4.39 ohms
Assuming X/R ratio of 17, the resistance is = 0.258 ohms
Reactance, Xsys(Pri) = 4.386

Impedance Angle = 86.64 deg.
Transformation Ratio, Tr = 50
System Reactance (relay ohms), X sys (rel) = Xsys(Pri)x (VGen / VLine)2 x Tr
= 0.289 ohms 86.64
Generator reactance (relay ohms), X Gen(rel) = 20.60 ohms

Transformer reactance (relay ohms), X t(rel) = 25.10 ohms
Setting = (1/2) ( Xd’ + Xt + Xs) tan (j -(a/2))

= ½ x ( 20.60 + 25.10 + 0.289)(tan (90-60))
= 13.28 ohms
Selected Blinder setting = 13.28 ohms
Primary fault clearing time at 380kV levels is assumed as 80ms. Accordingly delay setting is 5 cycles.

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 28 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
Settings proposed are :
Circle diameter = 79 ohms
Off set = -41.2 ohms

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 29 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
Impedance Angle = 90 degree
Blinder = 13.28 ohms
Time delay = 5 cycles

Trip on Mho Exit = Enable
Pole slip Counter = 1
Pole slip reset = 120 cycles
4.1.3 Voltage Restraint Overcurrent Protection 51V
Generator Data:
Apparent Power : 104 MVA

Terminal Voltage : 13.8 KV
Frequency : 60 Hz
Power Factor : 0.8
Turbine Output: 74.34 MW
Saturated Subtransient Reactance (X’’d) : 14 %
Saturated Transient Reactance (X’d) : 22.5 %
Base Reactance : = 1.831 ohms
CT/PT Data
LV PT Ratio 14400/120
LV CT Ratio 6000/1
Generator Transformer Data (AREVA)
MVA Rating = 110 MVA for each winding

Voltage rating = 380 kV
X HV-LV = 29% @ 110 MVA base
The function is backup protection and should be set to co-ordinate with the Power system protective relays
used at the Generating Station. The pickup is set for 150% times generator rated load current.
Generator maximum base output = 74.34 MW at 13.8kV, 0.80pf and 60Hz.
= 92.93 MVA
MVA output of both the Generators = 185.85 MVA

say 186 MVA
The maximum generator output current 74 . 34 x 1000

= =3888 A
√ 3 x13800 x 0 . 80
CT Ratio 6000/1
Ipu (pick-up) Ir = 1.50 x generator rated load current/CT ratio
1
 1.50 x3888  0.972A
6000
Ir = 0.972 A
T, operate time in seconds should be selected to back-up the relays on transmission lines/ cables out of the
generating station.
Considering , Zone 2 = 0.45s (27 cycles).
Thus, time T should be greater than Zone 2 time.
T, operate time in seconds = 0.6 sec.
Impedance to fault, Xf GenMVA

= X ' d ( gen)+( % Trafo Im pedancex )
TrafoMVA
92 . 93
=22 . 5+( 29 . 0 x )
BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 110 30 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
Impedance to fault , Xf at machine base 92 . 93
=22 . 5+( 29 . 0 x )
110
= 22.5 + 24.49
= 46.99 %
1
Generator Contribution , If =( 3888 x )/ 0 . 4699=1 . 38 A ,sec ondary
6000
Multiple of pick-up = If / Ir
= 1.38 / 0.972 = 1.42
Generator Terminal Voltage, Vt = V x Xtrafo / Xf

= 13.8 x (24.49 / 46.99) = 7.19 kV
% Restraint Voltage , Vt = Vt / Vline

= (7.19/13.8) x 100 = 52.12 %
E
T If 1
Ipickup X Pickup reduction
TDM (Multiplier setting) =
K
For IEC Curve B K = 13.5 E = 1.000 TR = 43.2
TDM = 0.077 Say 0.08
Selected Pickup Current = 1.42 A

Selected TDM = 0.08
4.1.4 BREAKER FAILURE PROTECTION (50BF):
Relay Setting Data:

Relay Type : C60 of GE Multilin
Mode : 1-Pole, 3-Pole
Current Supervision : Phase, Neutral Current
Current Supervision Pickup : 0.001 to 30.000 pu in steps of 0.001
Current Supervision Dropout : 97 to 98% of Pickup
Current Supervision Accuracy :

0.1 to 2.0 x CT Rating : ± 0.75% of Reading or ±2% of Rated
(Whichever is Greater)
above 2.0 x CT Rating : ± 2.5% of Reading
CT Ratio : 6000 / 1 Amp
Determination of a Breaker Failure Condition :
The scheme determines a breaker failure condition via three 'paths'. Each of these paths is
equipped with a time delay, after which a failed breaker is declared & trip signals are sent to
all breakers required to clear the zone.The delayed paths are associated with breaker failure
timers 1, 2 & 3, which are intended to have delays increasing with increase timer numbers.
These delayed paths are individually enabled to allow for maximum flexibility.
The current supervision elements reset in less than 0.7 of a power cycle upto the multiple of
pickup of 100 (threshold set at 0.01 of the actual fault current).
Selected Settings:
i) BF1 Mode: Three pole

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 31 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
ii) BF1 USE AMP SUPV: No
iii) BF1 USE SEAL- IN: No
iv) BF1 3-POLE INITIATE: IBF ON
v) BF1 PH AMP SUPV PICKUP: 0.75 p.u.

This setting is used to set the phase current initiation as low as necessary (i.e., lower than load
current)
vi) BF1 N AMP SUPV PICKUP: 0.75 p.u.
vii) BF1 USE TIMER 1: Yes
viii) BF1 TIMER 1 PICKUP DELAY: 0.25 sec
ix) BF1 USE TIMER 2: No
x) BF1 USE TIMER 3: No
xi) BF1 BREAKER TEST ON: OFF
xii) BF1 PH AMP HISET PICKUP: 6.3 p.u.

This setting sets the phase current output supervision level. Generally, this setting should
detect the lowest expected fault current on the protected breaker.
xiii) BF1 N AMP HISET PICKUP: 6.3 p.u.
xiv) BF1 PH AMP LOSET PICKUP: 2.8 p.u.

This setting sets the phase current output supervision level. Generally, this setting should
detect the lowest expected fault current on the protected breaker, after a breaker opening
resistor is inserted (approximately, 90% of the resistor current).
xv) BF1 N AMP LOSET PICKUP: 2.8 p.u.

This setting sets the neutral current output supervision level. Generally, this setting should
detect the lowest expected fault current on the protected breaker, after a breaker opening
resistor is inserted (approximately, 90% of the resistor current). This setting is valid only for
3-pole breaker failure schemes.
xvi) BF1 LOSET TIME DELAY: 0.83 sec

Sets the Pickup delay for current detection after opening resistor insertion.
xvii) BF1 TRIP DROPOUT DELAY: 0.016 sec

This setting is used to set the period of time for which the trip output is sealed-in. This timer
must be coordinated with the automatic reclosing scheme of the failed breaker, to which
the breaker failure element sends a cancel reclosure signal. Reclosure of a remote breaker
can also be prevented by holding a Transfer Trip signal on longer than the "Reclaim" Time.
4.1.5 PHASE OVERCURRENT (50/51):
Relay Make : C60 of GE Multilin
Relay Setting Data :
a) PHASE / NEUTRAL / GROUND TOC:

Current : Phasor of RMS

Level Accuracy :
For 0.1 to 2.0 x CT : ± 0.5% of Reading or ±0.4% of Rated (whichever is Greater)
For > 2.0 x CT : ± 1.5% of Reading > 2.0 x CT Rating
Curve Shapes : IEEE Moderately / Very / Extremely Inverse; IEC (& BS) A/B/C &

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 32 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
Short Inverse; GE IAC Inverse, Short / Very / Extremely Inverse;
I2t; Flexs CurvesTM (Programmable); Definite Time (0.01 sec base
Curve)
Curve Multiplier : Time Dial = 0.00 to 600.00 in steps of 0.01
Reset Type : Instantaneous / Timed (Per IEEE)
Time Accuracy : Operate at > 1.03 x Actual Pickup ± 3.5% of operate time or ± 1/2
cycle (whichever is Greater)
b) PHASE / NEUTRAL / GROUND IOC:

Level Accuracy :
For 0.1 to 2.0 x CT : ± 0.5% of Reading or ±0.4% of Rated (whichever is Greater)
For > 2.0 x CT : ± 1.5% of Reading
Overreach : < 2%
Pickup Delay : 0.000 to 600.00 sec in steps of 0.01
Operate Time : < 16ms at 3 x Pickup at 60 Hz (Phase/Ground IOC)

: < 20ms at 3 x Pickup at 60 Hz (Neutral IOC)
Timing Accuracy : Operate at 1.5 x Pickup
± 3% or ± 4 ms (whichever is Greater)
13.8 kV Outgoing Feeder to 1.5 MVA 13.8 / 0.48 kV Transformer (F-00BA-11)
Transformer Capacity: 1500 kVA
Voltage Rating: 13.8 0.48 kV
Trfr.Impedance: 6%
Rated Current of the feeder = 1500 kVA/(sqrt(3)X13.8)

= 62.76 Amps = 63.00 Amps (Say) at 13.8 kV
= 208.99 Amps at 4.16 kV
= 209.00 Amps (say) at 4.16 kV

Therefore, Ipickup = 100 X 0.80 = 80.00 Amps at 13.8 kV

= 265.38 Amps at 4.16 kV
= 266.00 Amps (Say) at 4.16 kV
Maximum Through Fault Current = Incomer Transformer kVA/ Xfr. % Imp/(sqrt(3) X 13.8)
= 1045.92 Amps at 13.8 kV
= 3469.65 Amps at 4.16 kV
= 3470.00 Amps (Say) at 4.16 kV
Time interval for proper coordination with downstream 0.48 kV Incomer is proposed to
be adopted as follows:
t' = 0.2 + 0.2 X t where t = normal operating time of downstream relay
Relay operating time of downstream 0.48 kV Switchboard Incomer

is set at = 0.40 sec
For proper coordination with downstream incomer of 0.48 kV Switchboard Incomer, operating
time of 13.8 kV Outgoing Feeder to 1.5 MVA Transformer corresponding to an high set
BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 33 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
current of 3470.00 Amps is required to be set at : 0.68 sec
= 0.70 sec Say
Required TMS Setting for Very Inverse type Overcurrent Protection to achieve desired operating
time of 0.70 sec at 3470/ 266 i.e 13.05
= 13.00 Say times of Set Current is
calculated as follows:
13.5
0.6 = TMS X
(I/Ipickup)1.0 - 1

= 0.60 Say
Relay operating time with TMS = 0.60 at

13.00 times set current is = 0.70 Sec
Selected Setting:
Curve = Very Inverse
TMS = 0.60
Instateneous Overcurrent pickup is proposed to be set so that the relay does not operate under
Current is set at aprroximately at 1.3 X 3470 i.e = 4511.00 Amps

= 13.60 X In
= 13.60 X In (Say)
Selected Setting:
Instateneous Overcurrent Setting = 13.60 X In
4.1.6 PHASE UNDER VOLTAGE (27P):

Dropout Level : 102 to 103% of Pickup
Level Accuracy : ± 0.5% of Reading from 10 to 208 V
Curve Shapes : GE IAC Inverse, Definite Time (0.1 sec base Curve)
Curve Multiplier : Time Dial = 0.00 to 600.00 in steps of 0.01
Timing Accuracy : Operate at < 0.90 x Pickup
± 3.5% of operate time or ± 4 ms (whichever is Greater)
Selected Settings:
Pickup : 0.4 p.u.

(Phase to phase voltage)
Time delay : 1 sec
Reset delay : 1 sec
4.1.7 NEUTRAL OVER VOLTAGE (59N):

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 34 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A

Dropout Level : 97 to 98% of Pickup
Level Accuracy : ± 0.5% of Reading from 10 to 208 V
Pickup Delay : 0.000 to 600.00 sec in steps of 0.01 (Definite Time) or
User-defined Curve
Timing Accuracy : ± 3% or ± 20 ms (whichever is Greater)
Operate Time : < 30ms at 1.10 x Pickup at 60 Hz
Selected Settings:
Pickup : 0.1 p.u.
Time delay : 1 sec
Reset delay : 1 sec
5.0 13.8 kV UNIT SWITCHGEAR
BUSBAR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION (APPLICABLE FOR THREE (3) WINDING TRANSFORMER

5.1
WITHOUT TAPOFF)
For Differential Protection of 13.8kV Unit Switchgear Busbar, Relay SEL-587Z has been
provided.
CT Parameters :
52G & 52S CT:
CT Ratio : 8000 1 Amps
Class : 5P20
Burden : 30.00 VA
Rct : 15.00 Ohms (Assumed)
52U CT:
Class : 5P20
Burden : 30.00 VA
System Parameters:
Voltage : 13.80 kV
Fault Level : 63.00 kA for 1 sec
Relay Setting Data:

Type : SEL-587Z
Relay setting voltage : 20-800V
5.1.1 Relay setting voltage:
SEL-587Z is a voltage operated high impedance relay. When Through Fault current passes through the
CT, certain additional voltage is developed in the CT secondary across the relay.
To ensure stability as well as to protect mal operation of the relay, the set
Therefore the minimum setting voltage to ensure stability is :
Vs > IF (RCT + 2RL) / N
Where,
Vs = Minimum Setting Voltage (Calculated)
If = Maxm. Value of Through Fault Current for which protection must remain stable
RCT = C.T Secondary Resistance

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 35 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
RL = Lead resistance between furthest C.T and relay connection point
N = Turns Ratio of C.T
As per the system parameters,
If = Fault Level of 13.8 kV Busbar = 63.00 kA

N = 8000
RCT = 15.00 Ohms (Assumed)
Electrical Resistivity of Copper = 0.0217 Ohms

Length of Lead = 100.00 Mtrs (Assumed)
Cross Sectional Area of Lead = 4.00 sq.mm
Therefore, RL = 0.54 = 0.55 Ohms (Assumed)
Therefore, Vs = 126.79 = 128.00 Volts (Say)
The Relay Plug Setting Voltage V R must be set to the nearest tap above V s.
Therefore, VR is selected to be at = 150.00 Volts
5.1.2 Calculation of Shunt Resistor Values:
The minimum primary current for the relay operation is given by:
Imin = N (Ir + nIE + Im)

Where,
N = Turns Ratio of C.T = 8000
Ir = Current through the relay at relay setting voltage Vs
= Vs / R2000 = 150/2000 = 0.075 Amp
= 75 mA
n = No. of CT in parallel with relay = 3
IE = CT exciting current at relay setting voltage (referred to the CT secondary value)
= 10 mA (Assumed)
Im = Current through the MOV at relay setting voltage Vs
= 0 mA at Vs=150V as per relay catalogue
Therefore,
IP = 840.00 = 840.00 Amps (Say)
Full Load Current of the Section is assumed to be equal to 75% of the rated busbar current
= 4500 Amps
Therefore,
Sensitivity (%) = (IP / IL) x 100%
= 18.67 = 19 %
Since, the Sensitivity is sufficiently high, therefore, there is no requirement of providing an
additional Shunt Resistance for improving the Relay Sensitivity.
5.2 BUSBAR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION (APPLICABLE FOR THREE (3) WINDING TRANSFORMER WITH TAP
For Differential Protection of 13.8kV Unit Switchgear Busbar, Relay SEL-587Z has been
provided.
CT Parameters :
52G & 52S CT:
Class : 5P20
Burden : 30.00 VA
52U CT & TAP-OFF TO STATION SWGR CT :

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 36 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
Class : 5P20
Burden : 30.00 VA
System Parameters:
Voltage : 13.80 kV
Fault Level : 63.00 kA for 1 sec
Relay Setting Data:

Type : SEL-587Z
Relay setting voltage : 20-800V
5.2.1 Relay setting voltage:
SEL-587Z is a voltage operated high impedance relay. When Through Fault current passes through the
CT, certain additional voltage is developed in the CT secondary across the relay.
To ensure stability as well as to protect mal operation of the relay, the set
Where,
Vs = Minimum Setting Voltage (Calculated)
N = Turns Ratio of C.T
As per the system parameters,

N = 8000
Electrical Resistivity of Copper = 0.0217 Ohms

Therefore, VR is selected to be at = 150.00 Volts
5.2.2 Calculation of Shunt Resistor Values:
The minimum primary current for the relay operation is given by:
Imin = N (Ir + nIE + Im)

Where,
N = Turns Ratio of C.T = 8000
Ir = Current through the relay at relay setting voltage Vs
= Vs / R2000 = 150/2000 = 0.075 Amp
= 75 mA
= 10 mA (Assumed)
Im = Current through the MOV at relay setting voltage Vs

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 37 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
= 0 mA at Vs=150V as per relay catalogue
Therefore,
IP = 920.00 = 920.00 Amps (Say)
= 4500 Amps
Therefore,

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 38 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
Sensitivity (%) = (IP / IL) x 100%
= 20.44 = 20 %
Since, the Sensitivity is sufficiently high, therefore, there is no requirement of providing an
additional Shunt Resistance for improving the Relay Sensitivity.
6.0 13.8 kV Station Switchboard (F-00BBA)
Type: SEL-551 Feeder Protection
Phase/ Ground Time Over Current : 0.1 X In to 3.2 X In

(51P, 51N) setting
TMS Setting: 0.05 to 1.0 (IEC Curves)
Instanteneous Pickup:
Relay Data for 50G/ 51G Protection:
Type: MIF Digital Feeder Protection
Sensitive Ground Fault (51G): 0.005 to 0.12 Amp in steps of 0.001 Amp
6.1 13.8 kV Outgoing Feeder to 3.2 MVA 13.8 / 0.48 kV Transformer
Trfr.Impedance: 9%

= 464.42 Amps at 4.16 kV
= 465.00 Amps (say) at 4.16 kV


= 464.42 Amps at 4.16 kV
= 465.00 Amps (Say) at 4.16 kV
= 1487.54 Amps at 13.8 kV
= 4934.62 Amps at 4.16 kV
= 4935.00 Amps (Say) at 4.16 kV

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 39 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A

= 0.90 sec Say
time of 0.90 sec at 4935 / 465 i.e 10.61
13.5 13.5
0.7 = TMS X
0.9
(I/Ipickup) (I/I
1.0
- 1pickup)1.0 - 1

10.00 times set current is = 0.90
Selected Setting:
TMS = 0.60

= 9.67 X In
= 9.80 X In (Say)
Selected Setting:
Instataneous Overcurrent Setting = 9.80 X In
For transformer vector group of delta star connection, contribution for the ground fault on low voltage
side will not be transmitted to 4.16 kV side. Hence, the current pick up and TMS is proposed to set at the
minimum values.
Selected Setting:
Current Setting = 0.10 X In
TMS = 0.10
Sensitive Ground Current Setting (51G):
The current setting is porposed to be set at maximum to avoid nuisance operation

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 40 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
Selected Setting:
Current Setting = 0.12 Amp
Definite Time = 1.00 sec
6.2 13.8 kV Outgoing Feeder to 3.5 MVA 13.8 / 0.48 kV Transformer
Trfr.Impedance: 9%

= 497.60 Amps at 4.16 kV
= 500.00 Amps (say) at 4.16 kV


= 530.77 Amps at 4.16 kV
= 531.00 Amps (Say) at 4.16 kV
= 1626.99 Amps at 13.8 kV
= 5397.24 Amps at 4.16 kV
= 5400.00 Amps (Say) at 4.16 kV

= 1.20 sec Say
time of 1.20 sec at 5400 / 531 i.e 10.17
13.5
1.20 = TMS X
(I/Ipickup)1.0 - 1


BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 41 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
Selected Setting:
TMS =

= 10.58 X In
= 10.50 X In (Say)
Selected Setting:
Instataneous Overcurrent Setting = 10.50 X In
side will not be transmitted to 4.16 kV side. Hence, the current pick up and TMS is proposed to set at the
minimum values.
Selected Setting:
TMS = 0.10
Selected Setting:
6.3 13.8 kV Outgoing 8/10 MVA, 13.8 / 4.16 kV Transformer Feeder (F-00BA-10 & 11)
Trfr.Impedance: 9%

= 1393.27 Amps at 4.16 kV

= 1400.00 Amps (say) at 4.16 kV

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 42 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A


= 1326.92 Amps at 4.16 kV
= 1330.00 Amps (Say) at 4.16 kV
= 4648.55 Amps at 13.8 kV
= 15420.68 Amps at 4.16 kV
= 15422.00 Amps (Say) at 4.16 kV
Time interval for proper coordination with downstream 4.16 V Incomer is proposed to

time of 13.8 kV Outgoing Feeder to 10 MVA Transformer corresponding to an high set
= 0.85 sec Say
time of 0.85 sec at 14256 / 1330 i.e 10.72
13.5
0.9 = TMS X
(I/Ipickup)1.0 - 1

10.80 times set current is = 0.85 sec
Selected Setting:
TMS = 0.62
instanteneous Overcurrent pickup is proposed to be set so that the relay does not operate under

= 12.09 X In
= 12.00 X In (Say)
Selected Setting:

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 43 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
side will not be transmitted to 4.16 kV side. Hence, the current pick up and TMS is proposed to set at
the minimum values.
Selected Setting:

TMS = 0.10
Selected Setting:
6.4 13.8 kV Switchgear Emergency Interconnection Feeder to Plant- D
Feeder Capacity: 16700 kVA ( Considering all transformer loads on one bus-section)
Voltage Rating: 13.8 kV
Rated Current of the feeder =16700 kVA/(sqrt(3)X13.8)

= 2322.12 Amps (Say) at 4.16 kV
= 2320.00 Amps at 4.16 kV


2902.64 Amps at 4.16 kV
2900.00 Amps (Say) at 4.16 kV
Instanteneous Overcurrent element of 13.8 kV outgoing 8 MVA Transformer feeder is set at

12 X In = 19904.0 Amps at 4.16 kV
Time interval for proper coordination with downstream 13.8 kV outgoing 10 MVA Transformer feeder is
proposed to be adopted as follows:
Relay operating time of downstream 13.8 kV Outgoing Transformer Feeder set at 19904.00 Amps at
4.16 kV = 0.80 sec
For proper coordination with downstream 13.8 kV Outgoing Transformer Feeder, operating
time of 13.8 kV Tie Feeder corresponding to a high set current of 19904.0 is set at :
= 1.16 Sec
= 1.20 Sec Say

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 44 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
time of 1.20 sec at 19904.00 / 2900 i.e 6.86 times of Set Current is
0.14
1.20 = TMS X
(I/Ipickup)0.02 - 1

= 0.30 Say

Selected Setting:
TMS = 0.30
Instanteneous Overcurrent pickup is proposed to be set so that the relay does not operate
during energisation of Aux. Transformers in the section.
Current is set at aprroximately at = 23221.2 Amps at 4.16 kV

(Considering Inrush of 3 Nos. Transformers 23220.0 Amps (Say) at 4.16 kV
connected to each Bus Section) = 8.01 times the set current I
(Say) at 4.16 kV
= 5.60 X In at 13.8 kV
= 5.50 X In (Say) at 13.8 kV
Definite Time corresponding to instanteneous set current is proposed to be set at:

= 0.1 + (0.2 + 0.2 X 0.1) = 0.32 Sec
= 0.30 Sec (Say)
Selected Setting:
Relay operating time of downstream 13.8 kV Outgoing Feeder is : 0.23 sec
For proper protection corodination with outgoing feeder, operating time of relay is set at :
0.48 sec
0.45 sec (say) corresponding to a maximum earth fault current of = 1000
time of 0.45 sec at 1000 / (1250 X 0.1) i.e 8.00 times of Set Current is
0.14
0.45 = TMS X
(I/Ipickup)0.02 - 1

= 0.15 Say


BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 45 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
Selected Setting:
TMS = 0.15
Selected Setting:
6.5 13.8 kV Switchgear Interconnection Feeder to Future Stn. Switchgear
Feeder Capacity: 16700 kVA ( Considering all transformer loads on one bus-section)

= 698.68 Amps = 700.00 Amps (Say) at 13.8 V
= 2322.12 Amps (Say) at 4.16 V
= 2320.00 Amps at 4.16 V


2902.64 Amps at 4.16 kV
2900.00 Amps (Say) at 4.16 kV
Instanteneous Overcurrent element of 13.8 kV outgoing 8 MVA Transformer feeder is set at

11.5 X In = 15370.0 Amps at 4.16 kV
Relay operating time of downstream 13.8 kV Outgoing Transformer Feeder set at 19904 Amps at 4.16 kV
0.8
time of 13.8 kV Tie Feeder corresponding to a high set current of 15370.0 is set at :
= 1.16 Sec
= 1.20 Sec Say
time of 1.20 sec at 19904 / 2900 i.e 5.30 times of Set Current is
0.14
1.20 = TMS X
(I/Ipickup)0.02 - 1

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 46 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
= 0.30 Say

Selected Setting:
TMS = 0.30

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 47 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
during energisation of Aux. Transformers in the section.
Current is set at aprroximately at = 23221.2 Amps at 4.16 kV

4.16 kV
4.16 kV
= 5.80 X In at 13.8 kV
= 6.00 X In (Say) at 13.8 kV

= 0.1 + (0.2 + 0.2 X 0.1) = 0.32 Sec
= 0.30 Sec (Say)
Selected Setting:
0.48 sec
0.14
0.45 = TMS X
(I/Ipickup)0.02 - 1

= 0.15 Say

Selected Setting:
TMS = 0.15
Selected Setting:

= 0.1 + (0.2 + 0.2 X 0.1) = 0.32 Sec
= 0.30 Sec (Say)
Selected Setting:

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 48 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
6.6 13.8 kV Switchgear Grounding Transformer (F-00BBA-04 & 17)
C.T Parameters:
Line side 400 1 Amp, 15 VA, 5P20
Neutral side 500 1 Amp, 15 VA, 5P20
Selected Setting:
TMS = 0.10
0.80 sec
0.14
0.8 = TMS X
(I/Ipickup)0.02 - 1

= 0.30 Say

Selected Setting:
TMS = 0.30
6.7 13.8 kV Switchgear Bus Coupler (F-00BBA-03)
Feeder Capacity: 16700 kVA (Considering 10,3.2 & 3.5 MVA Transformer energised in section)

= 698.68 Amps = 700.00 Amps (Say) at 13.8 V
= 2322.12 Amps (Say) at 4.16 V
= 2320.00 Amps at 4.16 V

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 49 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
Current is set at700/ CTR i.e = 0.28


3317.31 Amps at 4.16 kV
3320.00 Amps (Say) at 4.16 kV
Instantaneous Overcurrent element of 13.8 kV outgoing 10 MVA Transformer feeder is set at

12 X In = 19904.0 Amps at 4.16 kV
Relay operating time of downstream 13.8 kV Outgoing Transformer Feeder set at 19904 Amps at 4.16 kV
is = 0.87 sec
time of 13.8 kV Bus Coupler corresponding to a high set current of 19904.0 is set at :
= 1.24 Sec
= 1.20 Sec Say
time of 1.20 sec at 19904 / 3320 i.e 6.00 times of Set Current is
0.14
1.20 = TMS X
(I/Ipickup)0.02 - 1

= 0.30 Say

Selected Setting:
TMS = 0.30
during energisation of Aux. Transformers in the section under during ABT.
Current is set at approximately at = 23221.2 Amps at 4.16 kV

= 2.80 X In at 13.8 kV
= 3.00 X In (Say) at 13.8 kV

= 0.1 + (0.2 + 0.2 X 0.1) = 0.32 Sec
= 0.30 Sec (Say)
Selected Setting:
Instateneous Overcurrent Setting = 3.00 X In

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 50 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
For proper protection coordination with outgoing feeder, operating time of relay is set at :
0.48 sec
0.14
0.50 = TMS X
(I/Ipickup)0.02 - 1

= 0.10 Say

Selected Setting:
TMS = 0.10
6.8 13.8 kV Switchgear Incomer (F-00BBA-01 & F-00BBA-02)
Feeder Capacity: 33400 kVA (Considering 10, 3.2, 3.5 MVA Transformers energised
of both the sections of the Switchboard energised from this Incomer

= 4644.23 Amps (Say) at 4.16 kV
= 4645.00 Amps (Say) at 4.16 kV
IDMT Overcurrent Setting (51):


= 4975.96 Amps at 4.16 kV
= 4976.00 Amps (Say) at 4.16 kV
instanteneous Overcurrent element of 13.8 kV Bus Coupler is set at = 24900.0 Amps at 4.16 kV
Time interval for proper coordination with 13.8 kV Bus Coupler is proposed
to be adopted as follows:
Relay operating time of 13.8 kV Bus Coupler set at 24900 Amps at 4.16 kV
is = 1.02 sec
BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 51 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
For proper coordination with downstream 13.8 kV Buscoupler, operating

time of 13.8 kV Incomer corresponding to a high set current of 24900.0 is set at :
= 1.42 Sec
= 1.40 Sec considered
time of 1.40 sec at 24900 / 4976 i.e 5.00 times of Set
Current is calculated as follows:
0.14
1.40 = TMS X
(I/Ipickup)0.02 - 1

= 0.30 Say

Selected Setting:
TMS = 0.30
instanteneous Overcurrent pickup is proposed to be set so that the relay does not operate under
Current is set at aprroximately at 1.3 X 24900 i.e = 32370 Amps


= 3.90 X In
= 3.90 X In (Say)

= 0.3 + (0.2 + 0.2 X 0.3) = 0.56 Sec
= 0.60 Sec (Say)
Selected Setting:
Relay operating time of downstream 13.8 kV Buscouple 0.5 sec
0.8 sec
0.80 sec (say) corresponding to a maximum earth fault current 1000
0.14
0.80 = TMS X
(I/Ipickup)0.02 - 1
BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 52 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
0.14
0.80 = TMS X PROTECTION STUDIES AND RELAY SETTING CALCULATIONS
(I/Ipickup)0.02 - 1

= 0.15 Say

Selected Setting:
TMS = 0.15
6.9 8/10 MVA 13.8 / 4.16 kV Station Auxiliary Transformer (F-00BBA-10 & F-00BBA-11) Differential Protection
For differential protection of Unit Auxiliary transformer, GE Multilin relay DTP-B has been provided in
the 13.8kV switchgear incomer panel. The relay provides for multiple protection function of which only
the differential protection function is selected.
Specifications of Station Auxiliary Transformer

Capacity : 10.00 MVA
Type : Outdoor, Oil immersed, 2-winding
Voltage Ratio : 13.80 4.16 kV
Cooling : ONAN
Vector Group : Dyn11

Impedance Voltage : 9.00 %
Taps on HV Winding : +2.5 x2 = +5%, 0, -2.5 x2 = -5%
Rated Current of HV Winding : 418.38 Amps at Nominal Tap
Rated Current of LV Winding : 1387.90 Amps
Maximum Inrush Current : 3347.06 Amps on 13.8 kV side at 10 MVA
= 3350.00 Amps (Say)
(Estimated 8 times the rated current)
Through Fault Current : 4648.55 Amps on 13.8 kV side
4650.00 Amps (Say)
CT Parameters
HV Winding Side
CT ratio : 500 1 Amp 15 VA, 5P20
Rct : 6.00 Ohms (Estimated)
LV Winding Side
CT ratio : 1600 1 Amp 15 VA, 5P20
Rct : 6.00 Ohms (Estimated)
System Parameters : 13.80 kV, 60 Hz
Fault level : 16.00 kA
Relay Setting Data
Type : DTP-B of GE Multilin

Sensitivity : 0.2 – 0.4 x Itap, in steps of 0.01
K1-K2 Inflexion : 0 – 10 x Itap, in steps of 0.01
K1 percentage restraint : 15 – 100%, in steps of 0.01%
K2 percentage restraint : 15 – 100%, in steps of 0.01%
2nd harmonic restraint : 12 – 100%, in steps of 0.01%
5th harmonic restraint : 12 – 100%, in steps of 0.01%
87B tap : 4 – 12 x Itap, in steps of 0.01A
Differential protection is based on current comparison. The relay has the feature of phase shift
compensation and zero-sequence current elimination in the “INTERNAL COMPENSATION” mode. The
main purpose of the percent-slope characteristic of the differential.
BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 53 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
These unbalances arise as result of the following factors:
(a) Tap changer position deviated from nominal tap,

(b) CT measurement errors at load current limited by specified Accuracy,
(c) CT saturation arising out of high short circuit current
The percent differential set points to be decided are:
(a) Differential current pickup setting (sensitivity)

(b) Slope 1 of differential protection (K1 percentage restraint)
(c) K1-K2 Inflexion (Bias slope limit)
(d) Slope 2 of differential protection (K2 percentage restraint)
(e) 87B tap, programmable backup differential instanteneous protection

(f) 2nd harmonic restraint
(g) 5th harmonic restraint
Initial Differential Current Pick Up setting (Sensitivity)
The initial differential PICKUP setting defines the minimum differential current required for operation.
The Initial setting is chosen based on the amount of differential current that might be seen under normal
operating load current conditions.
The range of setting is 0.2-0.4 x I tap

We select an Initial differential current setting of 20% i.e. 0.2 x I tap
Slope 1 of differential protection (K1 percentage restraint)
The SLOPE 1 setting defines the ratio of differential to restraint current above which the element will
operate. The slope is set to ensure sensitivity to internal faults at normal operating current levels. The
setting of this slope is determined by the sum of "
(a) The maximum range of the tap changer, in percent i.e. 5%

(b) The maximum mismatch error of the relay taps, in percent i.e. 1.1%
Therefore, minimum percentage restraint K1 will be 6.1%

Selected setting of Bias Slope-1 is therefore : 20.0 % i.e 0.20
K1-K2 Inflexion (Bias slope-1 Limit)
K1-K2 inflexion/ bias slope-1 limit is the limiting or end point of bias SLOPE 1(K1 percentage restraint).
It must be set to a current value (times the tap) higher than the forced cooling situation, and lower than
the admitted emergency overload level (momentary). In this case the Transformer is ONAN type and
there is no admitted emergency overload. Therefore we set the value just above full load condition.
Transformer Full Load Current = 418.38 Amps at 13.8 kV

Equivalent reflected current in the C.T Secondary = 0.837
Selected Bias Slope Limit is therefore = 0.85 X Itap
Slope 2 of differential protection (K2 percentage restraint)
The SLOPE 2/ K2 percentage restraint setting is implemented in DTP-B relay in order to deal with
unbalances caused by saturated CTs due to high currents borne during external faults.It can be set to the
same value as Slope-1 ( K1), or to a higher value, depending on the provisions of possible CT saturations.
The range of K2 is 15-100%.
Selected value of Slope 2 is = 40.00 % or 0.40
Highset Current Setting (87B tap)
This is the set point for high 3-phase differential fault current under an un-biased operation. This should

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 54 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
be set just above the highest possible through fault current.
Percent Impedance of the Transformer (Z HV-LV) = 9.00 % on 8 MVA base
We assume a situation where an infinite bus is connected on the upstream the Station Transformer and
the transformer is evacuating power on the LV side.
Maximum Through Fault Current on 13.8kV side = (Transformer MVA/(% Impedance)) /(Sqrt(3) X13.8)
= 4650.00 Amps
Maximum Through Fault Current reflected on C.T Secondary = 9.30 Amps

= 9.50 Amps (Say)
Estimated Magnetising Current of the Station Aux. Transformer = 3350.00 Amps
Magnetising Current reflected on C.T Secondary = 6.70 Amps
Therefore, the magnetizing current is less than the maximum through fault current. Thus the high
current setting is selected from the larger of the two.
Highset Current Setting is therefore selected at = 9.50 X Itap
2nd Harmonic Restraint
The available range is 12 - 100%. Selected setting is = 20.00 %
5th Harmonic Restraint
The available range is 12 - 100%. Selected setting is = 20.00 %
6.10 13.8 kV Switchgear Busbar Differential Protection
For differential protection of 13.8 kV Switchgear Busbar, ALSTOM relay MFAC34 has been provided in
the 13.8 kV Incomer Panels. Out of the two sections of the 13.8 kV Busbar, only one section is
considered for calculation purpose.
CT Parameters
Incomer & Outgoing Feeder Line Side:
CT ratio: 2500 1 Amp
Class: 5P20
Burden: 15.00 VA
Rct: 4.00 Ohms (Assumed)
Bus Coupler Section - 2:

Class: 5P20
Burden: 15.00 VA
System Parameters:
Voltage: 13.80 kV
Fault Level: 16.00 kA for 1 sec
Relay Setting Data:

Type: Areva make MFAC34
Relay setting voltage: 15 to 185V, in steps of 5V (37 equal steps)
25 to 175V, in steps of 25V (7 equal steps)
Relay setting voltage
MFAC34 is a voltage operated high impedance relay. When through fault current passes through the CT

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 55 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
certain additional voltage is developed in the CT secondary across the relay. To ensure stability as well
as to protect mal operation of the relay, the set
where
Vs = Minimum Setting Voltage (Calculated),
N = Turns Ration of C.T
As per System Parameters,

N= 2500
Electrical Resistivity of Copper = 0.0217 Ohm

Therefore, VR is selected to be = 50.00 Volts
Calculation of Shunt Resistor Values
The primary current for relay operation is given by
IP = N (IR + nIE)
Where, N = Turns ratio of CT = 2500.00

IR = Relay operating current = 0.019 Amp as per Catalogue

= 10 mA Assumed
Therefore, IP = 272.50 = 273.00 Amps (Say)
= 1875 Amps
Therefore sensitivity (%) = (IP / IL) x 100% 14.56 = 14.60 %
Since the sensitivity is sufficiently high, there is no requirement of providing additional Shunt Resistance
for inproving Relay Sensitivity
6.11 Check Synchronising Relay
For check synchronism VA Tech make Argus 7 has been provided in the 13.8kV Buscoupler panel
PT details
Line side 13.8kV/root 3 / 120V/ root 3, 50VA, Cl. 0.5

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 56 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
Bus side 13.8kV/root 3 / 120V/ root 3 / 120V/3,
Core 1: Cl. 0.5, 50VA
Core 2: Cl. 3P, 50VA

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 57 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
Relay Data for Check synchronism Protection (25):
Type: Argus 7
Live and dead bus voltage level
Dead line / bus: 5.0 to 127 V in steps of 0.5 V
Live line / bus 10.0 to 132 V in steps of 0.5 V
Undervoltage level 22.0 to 132.0 V in steps of 0.5V
Voltage difference level 0.5 to 44.0 V in steps of 0.5 V
Slip frequency 20 to 2000 mHz in steps of 5 mHz
Check sync., system sync. Phase angle 5 to 90 deg in steps 1 deg
Time delay 0.1 to 100.0 sec in steps of 0.1
Selected Setting:
Dead Voltage - 14 V
(less than 20% of rated voltage 120/root 3)
Line Voltage - 55 V
(greater than 80% of rated voltage 120/root 3)
Maximum voltage difference - 7V

(10% of rated voltage 120/root 3)
Maximum frequency difference - 0.1 Hz
Maximum angle difference - 15 deg
Synchronism duration - 200 ms
6.12 Neutral overvoltage protection
For neutral overvoltage protection VA Tech make Argus 8 has been provided for 13.8kV switchboard
PT details 13.8kV/root 3 / 120V/ root 3 / 120V/3
Relay Data for Neutral overvoltage protection (59):
Type: Argus 8
Voltage setting (Vs) - 1.0 to 100 V
Time delay - 0 to 600 sec
Selected Setting:
Vs setting - 7V
(10% of rated voltage 120/3)
Time delay - 0.5 sec
6.13 Undervoltage Protection
For undervoltage protection GE Multilin make MIVII 1000 has been provided for 13.8kV switchboard
Relay Details:

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 58 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
Function Type - Undervoltage
Pickup Level - 10.0 - 250.0 V in steps of 0.1 V
Drop out Level - 103% of the pickup value for undervoltage
Time Delay - 0.00 to 600.00 sec. In steps of 0.01 sec
Selected Setting:
Pickup Level - 27.5 V

(40% of rated voltage 120/root 3)
Time Delay 0.5 sec
7.0 4.16 kV Station Switchboard (F-00BCA)

(51P, 51N) setting
7.1 4.16 kV Outgoing 1 MVA 4.16/ 0.48 kV Transformer feeder (TYPICAL)
Trfr.Impedance: 5%


For proper coordination, PSM is selected 1.0
Therefore, Ipickup = 200 X 1.0 = 200.00 Amps
Maximum Through Fault Current = Incomer Transformer kVA/ (sourceimp+Xfr.% Imp)/(sqrt(3) X 4.16)
considering source of 115 MVA = 2364.50 Amps at 4.16 kV
= 2370.00 Amps (Say) at 4.16 kV

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 59 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
Time interval for proper coordination with downstream 480 V Feeder is proposed to
Relay operating time of downstream 480 V Crude Oil Heater Switchboard Incomer
is set at = 0.3 sec
For proper coordination with downstream incomer of 480 V Crude Oil Heater Switchboard, operating
time of 4.16 kV Outgoing Feeder to 1 MVA Transformer corresponding to the maximum through fault
= 0.60 sec Say
time of 0.60 sec at 2370 / (200 X 1.0) i.e 11.85
13.5
0.60 = TMS X
(I/Ipickup)1.0 - 1

= 0.60 Say

Selected Setting:
TMS = 0.60
Instanteneous Overcurrent pickup is proposed to be set so that the relay does not operate under

= 16.00 X In
Selected Setting:
Instanteneous Overcurrent Setting = 16.00 X In
side will not be transmitted to 4.16 kV side. Hence, the current pick up and TMS is proposed to set at
the minimum values.
Selected Setting:
TMS = 0.10

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 60 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
Selected Setting:
7.2 4.16 kV Starting Motor Feeder (TYPICAL)
Motor Data as per GE Data Sheet
Type : Induction (Squirrel Cage)

Voltage : 4000.00 V
Frequency : 60.00 Hz
Rating : 800.00 HP
Service factor: 1.15
Insulation Class: F
Max. locked rotor current : 550.00 % at 100% voltage
Starting Time : 8.00 sec
Max. Permissible
Start : Cold / Hot

Rated load current : 177.00 102.00 Amps
Locked rotor time : Cold : 24.00 sec
Hot: 17.00 sec
Relay Data
Type : 369 Motor Mangement

Make : GE
Overload/Stall/Thermal (49/51) : 1 to 15 standard, custom
Current pick-up : 1.01 to 1.25 x FLA in steps of 0.01
instanteneous (50) : 2.0 to 20.0 x CT in steps of 0.1
Definite time : 0 to 255 sec in steps of 0.01 s
Current unbalance (46) : 4 to 30% in steps of 1
Definite time : 0 to 255 sec in steps of 1 s
Ground fault (50N/51N) : 0.10 to 1.00 x CT in steps of 0.01
Definite time : 0 to 255 sec in steps of 0.01 s
Thermal Overload Protection (51)
Rated full load current considering a p.f o 0.90 and efficiency 94.00 % is
= (800 X 0.746 / 0.9 / 0.94)/(sqrt(3) X 4.0) = 101.82 Amps

= 102 Amps (Say)
Utilizing 369 standard overload curves, pick up threshold current I tap = 115% x Ir(sec) = 1.15 x [102 /
(150/1)] = 0.78
For a starting current : 5.5 times the motor rated full load current and starting time of
8.00 seconds, the Overcurrent relay shall not operate during starting time.
Thus, the relay is set ar 10.00 sec (> starting time at rated voltage) at
I = [(5.5 X 102)] / (150/ 3.74 Amps
Therefore, I/Itap = 4.78 = 5.00 Say and utilising Standard Overload Curves,
the equation becomes:
curve multiplier X 2.2116623

time_to_trip =
0.02530337 X (pickup - 1)2 + 0.05054758 X (pickup - 1)
BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 61 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
curve multiplier X 2.2116623
time_to_trip = PROTECTION STUDIES AND RELAY SETTING CALCULATIONS
0.02530337 X (pickup - 1)2 + 0.05054758 X (pickup - 1)
From the above equation, TMS = 2.74

= 2.75 Say
Relay operating time with TMS = 2.75 at a CT secondary current of = 3.74

(Corresponding primary current = 561 Amps is = 10.00 sec
Short Circuit Protection
Short circuit is set to operate (considering asymmetrical component of current of about :

times of normal RMS current) at 1.6 x 5.5 x 102)/(150/1) = 5.98
=
sec avoid spurious 6.00 times
tripping of high
due to CT secondary current
with a time delay settin 0.01 demanding start of
motor with load
Ground Fault Protection
Limiting value of ground fault current : 1000.00 Amps
Ground Fault Current Setting : 0.10 X In
Time delay: 0.01 sec to avoid nuisance tripping due to momentary faults
Acceleration Trip
Acceleration Time at 100% Voltage : 8.00 sec

Acceleration Time at 80% Voltage : 25.00 sec
Selected setting is = 28.00 sec considering longest acceleration time under both starting and
overload condition
Sensitive Ground Current Setting (51G)
Relay Data
Type : MIF Digital Feeder Protection
Sensitive ground fault (51G) : 0.005 to 0.12 A
Definite time : 0.00 to 600.0 sec in steps of 0.01 s
Selected Setting
Current Setting : 0.12 Amp
Definite Time : 1.00 sec
7.3 4.16 kV Bus Coupler circuit breaker (F-00BCA-03)

(51P, 51N) setting

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 62 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
Feeder Capacity: 10000 kVA (Considered the same as the Incomer Capacity)

= 1387.86 Amps = 1390.00 Amps (Say) at 4.16 KV

For proper coordination, PSM is selected 0.90
Instantaneous Overcurrent element of 1000 kVA outgoing 4.16 kV Transformer feeder is set at
16 X In I.e 3200.00 Amps.
Time interval for proper coordination with downstream 4.16 kV Outgoing Transformer Feeder is
Relay operating time of downstream 4.16 kV Outgoing Transformer Feeder set at 3200 Amps at
4.16 kV = 0.63 sec
time of 4.16 kV Bus Coupler corresponding to a high set current of 3200.00 is set at :
= 0.96 Sec
= 0.9 Sec Say
0.14
0.9 = TMS X
(I/Ipickup)0.02 - 1

= 0.10 Say
Selected Setting:
TMS = 0.10
during energisation of Aux. Transformers connected to the section during ABT.
Current is set at approximately at 6 X 13 X 139 i.e = 10842 Amps

(Considering Inrush of 6 Nos. Transformers = 7.53 times the set current I

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 63 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
= 6.78 X In
= 6.80 X In (Say)

= 0.1 + (0.2 + 0.2 X 0.1) = 0.32 Sec
= 0.30 Sec (Say)
Selected Setting:
0.44 sec
0.14
0.45 = TMS X
(I/Ipickup) 0.02
-1

= 0.10 Say

Selected Setting:
TMS = 0.10
7.4 4.16 kV Incomer circuit breaker (F-00BCA-01 & F-00BCA-02)

(51P, 51N) setting

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 64 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
Feeder Capacity: 10000 kVA

= 1387.86 Amps = 1390.00 Amps (Say) at 4.16 V
IDMT Overcurrent Setting (51):

Instanteneous Overcurrent element of 4.16 kV Bus Coupler is set at 6.8 X In (6 = 10880
Time interval for proper coordination with 4.16 kV Bus Coupler is proposed
to be adopted as follows:
Relay operating time of 4.16 kV Bus Coupler set at 10880 Amps at 4.16 kV
is = 0.34 sec
For proper coordination with 4.16 kV Bus Coupler, operating

time of 4.16 kV Incomer corresponding to a high set current of 10880.0 is set at :
= 0.61 Sec
= 0.60 Sec Say
time of 0.60 sec at10880 / (1600 X 0.90) i.e 7.56 times of Set Current is
0.14
0.6 = TMS X
(I/Ipickup)0.02 - 1

= 0.18 Say

Selected Setting:

TMS = 0.18
during energisation of Aux. Transformers connected to the section during ABT.

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 65 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
= 8.84 X In
= 8.90 X In (Say)

= 0.3 + (0.2 + 0.2 X 0.3) = 0.56 Sec
= 0.50 Sec (Say)
Selected Setting:
Relay operating time of 4.16 kV Bus Coupler is : 0.45 sec
For proper protection corodination with 4.16 kV Bus Coupler, operating time of relay is set at :
0.74 sec
0.14
0.75 = TMS X
(I/Ipickup)0.02 - 1

= 0.20 Say

Selected Setting:
TMS = 0.20
7.5 RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT PROTECTION FOR 8/10 MVA, 13.8/4,16 KV

STATION TRANSFORMER
For restricted earth fault protection of 8/10 MVA, 13.8/4.16 KV Station transformer,
ALSTOM relay MFAC14 has been provided in the 4.16 kV Incomer panels.
Transformer capacity 8.0/ 10 MVA
Voltage Ratio 13.8/ 4.16 KV
Vector Group Dyn11
Impedance on 8MVA base 9%
Rated current on 10 MVA 1388 A
CT Parameters
Incoming Feeder Line Side:
Class: 5P20
Burden: 15.00 VA
RCT 10.00 Ohms (Assumed)

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 66 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
Neutral side of transformer

Class: 5P20
Burden: 15.00 VA
System Parameters:
Voltage: 4.16 kV
Through fault current of the transformer: 17135 A for 1 sec
Relay Setting Data:

Type: Areva make MFAC14
Relay setting voltage: 15 to 185V, in steps of 5V (37 equal steps)
Relay setting voltage
MFAC14 is a voltage operated high impedance relay. When through fault current passes through the CT
certain additional voltage is developed in the CT secondary across the relay. To ensure stability as well
as to protect mal operation of the relay, the set
where
Vs = Minimum Setting Voltage (Calculated),
N = Turns Ration of C.T
As per System Parameters,

If = Through fault current = 17.13 kA
N= 1600
Electrical Resistivity of Copper = 0.0217 Ohm

Therefore, VR is selected to be = 125.00 Volts
Calculation of Shunt Resistor Values
The primary current for relay operation is given by
IP = N (IR + nIE)
Where, N = Turns ratio of CT = 1600.00

IR = Relay operating current = 0.046 Amp as per Catalogue

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 67 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
= 10 mA Assumed
Therefore, IP = 137.60 = 137.00 Amps (Say)
Full Load Current of the transformer (I L)

= 1388 Amps
Therefore sensitivity (%) = (IP / IL) x 100% 9.87 = 10.00 %
Since the sensitivity is sufficiently high, there is no requirement of providing additional

resistance for improving relay sensitivity
7.6 Neutral Time delayed overcurrent relay (51N)
Relay Data for 51N Protection
Type: MIF Digital Ground Time overcurrent Protection
Phase/ Ground Time Over Current : 0.1 X In to 2.4 X In (51N) setting
Time interval for proper coordination with 4.16kV incomer is proposed to be adopted as follows:
For proper coordination between incoming side relay and transformer neutral side relay, operating
time is considered as 1.10 sec considering 0.75 sec relay operating time of line side
circuit breaker at 6.25 times relay set current.
Relay operating time of line side breaker at 6.25 times set current is 0.75 sec
time at 6.25 times relay set current is calculated as follows:
0 .14
1.10 = TMSX
(I/Ipickup).02 - 1

= 0.20 Say
Selected Setting:
TMS = 0.20
7.7 Check Synchronising
For check synchronism VA Tech make Argus 7 has been provided in the 4.16kV Buscoupler panel
Setting shall be adopted same as 13.8kV Station switchgear mentioned under item 7.10
7.8 Neutral Overvoltage Protection
For neutral overvoltage protection VA Tech make Argus 8 has been provided for 4.16kV switchboard

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 68 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
7.9 Undevoltage Protection
For undervoltage protection GE Multilin make MIVII 1000 has been provided for 4.16kV switchboard
8.0 480V SWITCHGEAR
8.1 480 V Unit Crude Oil Heater Switchboard for GT (F-16BHB, F-15BHB, F-14BHB,
F-13BHB, F-12BHB, F-11BHB, F-21BHB, F-22BHB, F-23BHB & F-24BHB , F-25BHB & F-26BHB))
8.1.1 480 V Outgoing feeder to GT Fuel Heater Panel (TYPICAL)
Type of Circuit Breaker: ABB MCCB TYPE- TMAX , T6L, FIXED VERSION, PR221 LS/I
MCCB Parameters:
Long Time Protection:
Pickup (I1) adjustable from 0.4 to 1.0 X In in steps of 0.04
Long Time Characteristic:t=k/I 2
At 6XI1, Trip time (t1) =3-12 sec
Short Time Protection:

Current Setting (I2) : 1 to 10 X In in steps of 0.5
Short Time Characteristic: t=k/I 2
At 8XIn, Trip time (t2) =0.1-0.25 sec
For T6 In=1000A, I2max = 8.5 X In
Instataneous Protection
Instanataneous Characteristic:t=k
Trip time < or = 0.04 sec
Rated Current of Feeder assuming a p.f of 1.0 = 450 kW/(sqrt(3)X0.48X1.0)

= 541.27 Amps = 542 Amps (Say) at 480 V
= 62.54 Amps = 63 Amps (Say) at 4.16 kV
MCCB Trip Rating (In): 630 Amps at 480 V

MCCB Trip Rating (In): 72.69 Amps at 4.16 kV
= 73.00 Amps (Say) at 4.16 kV

Pickup Current = 1.1 X 542/630 = 0.95
= 1.00 Say
Selected Setting (I1) = 1.0 X 630 = 630.00 Amps at 480 V

= 72.69 Amps at 4.16 kV
= 73.00 Amps (Say) at 4.16 kV
Selected Setting:
Long Time Protection = 1.00 X MCCB Trip Rating
= 1.00 X In
Trip time t1 for 6XI1 (6 X 630 A= 3780A = 6*In ) is selected as 12 sec

Instanteneous Overcurrent Element of MCCB is set at 2 X 542 A i.e
I2 = 1084.00 Amps at 480 V 145.00 Amps (Say) at 4.16 kV
BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 69 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
I2 = 125.08 Amps at 4.16 kV = 1.99 = 2
Therefore, Short Time Protection of MCCB (I 2) is set at 2.0 X In (Nearest Available setting)
Trip time t2 for 8 X In (8 X 630 A= 5040A) is selected as 0.1 sec
8.1.2 480 V Incomer to Crude Oil Heater Switchboard (TYPICAL)
Type of Circuit Breaker: ABB E3S/25 ACB, LSIG, PR121/P
Circuit Breaker Parameters:


Short Time Characteristic: t=k
Trip time (t2) =0.1-0.8 sec in steps of 0.1
Earth Fault Protection:

Current Setting (I4) : 0.2-0.3-0.4-0.6-0.8-0.9-1.0 X In
Earth Fault Characteristic: t=k
At I > I4, Trip time (t4) =0.1-0.2-0.4-0.8 sec
Rated Current of 480 V Incomer to Fuel Heater Switchboard = 1000 kVA/(sqrt(3)X0.48)

= 1202.81 Amps at 480 V
= 1203.00 Amps (Say) at 480 V
= 138.81 Amps at 4.16 kV
= 140.00 Amps (Say) at 4.16 kV
C.T Parameters: 1600 1 Amps, 15 VA, 5P20

Pickup Current = 1203/ CTR = 0.75 Say
= 0.80

= 147.69 Amps at 4.16 kV
= 145.00 Amps (Say) at 4.16 kV
Selected Setting:
Long Time Protection = 0.80 X ACB Trip Rating
I1 = 0.80 X In
Trip time t1 for 3XI1 (3 X 1280A= 3840A = 2.4 In ) is selected as 72sec

(For proper co-ordination with downstream
Instanteneous Overcurrent Element of ACB is set at 4 X 1203 A i.e
MCCB)
I2 = 4812.00 Amps at 480 V = 3.01 =
I2 = 560.00 Amps at 4.16 kV = 3.03 = 3.00 X In (Say)
Therefore, Short Time Protection of ACB is set at 3 X I n ( Nearest available setting)

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 70 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
Time interval for proper coordination with downstream 480 V Outgoing Feeder is proposed to
Relay operating time of downstream 480 V Outgoing Feeder

Therefore, Short Time Delay is set at = 0.25 sec = 0.30
Selected Setting:
Short Time Protection = 3.00 X In
Short Time Delay = 0.30 sec
Selected Setting:
Earth Fault Pickup = 0.40 X In
Time Delay = 0.20 sec
8.1.3 NEUTRAL OVERCURRENT (BACK UP) PROTECTION
Relay Data for 51N Protection:
Type: ABB PR121/P E3S/25
Ground Time Over Current : 0.2 X In to 0.9 X In in steps of 0.1 X In

(51N) setting
TMS Setting: 0.05 to 2.0 in steps of 0.01 (IEC Curves)
Transformer Capacity: 1 MVA
Trfr.Impedance: 5%
Time interval for proper coordination with 480V line side relay is proposed to be adopted as follows:
For proper coordination between 480V line side relay and transformer neutral side relay,operating time
is considered as 0.4 sec considering 0.2 sec relay operating time of line side circuit
breaker at 20 times relay set current.
Relay operating time of 480V line side breaker at 40% set current, i.e., 800A at 480V, is 0.2 sec
time at 800 / (1600 X 0.4) I.e., 1.25 times relay set current is calculated as follows:
0.14
0.24= TMS X
(I/Ipickup).02 - 1

= 0.05 Say
Selected Setting:
BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 71 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
TMS = 0.05
8.1.4 Undervoltage Protection
For undervoltage protection ABB make REU 610 has been provided for 480V switchboard
Relay Details:
Start Value of Stage U< - 0.2……1.20 X Un
Operate time of Stage U< - 0.1……600s
IDMT operation mode setting for U< - 0 = definite time
1 = curve C
Resetting time of Stage U< - 0.07…..60.0 sec
Drop-off/Pickup ratio of stage U< - 1.01……1.05
Selected Setting:
Start Value of Stage U< - 0.4 X Un
Operate time of Stage U< - 0.5 s
Resetting time of Stage U< - 0.07 sec
Drop-off/Pickup ratio of stage U< - 1.03
8.2 480 V Unit Switchboard for GT (F-16BHA,F-15BHA, F-14BHA, F-13BHA, F-12BHA, F-11BHA,
F-21BHA, F-22BHA, F-23BHA, F-24BHA, F-25BHA & F-26BHA)
8.2.1 480 V Outgoing feeder to GT MCC 1 (TYPICAL)
Type of Circuit Breaker: ABB MCCB TYPE T-MAX, T7L, FIXED VERSION, PR231 'LS/I'
MCCB Parameters:

At 10 X In, Trip time (t2) =0.1-0.25 sec
Feeder capacity = 585 KVA

Rated Current of Incomer = 585 kVA/(sqrt(3)X0.48)
= 703.65 = 704.00 Amps (Say) at 480 V

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 72 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
MCCB Trip Rating (In): 1000 Amps
MCCB Trip Rating (In): 115.38
= 116.00 Amps at 4.16 kV

Pickup Current = 1.1 X704/1000 = 0.77
= 0.80 Say

92.31
= 93.00 Amps at 4.16 kV
Selected Setting:
Trip time t1 for 6 X I1 (6 X 800 A= 4800A = 4.8 In ) is selected as 12 sec

Short time Over current Element of MCCB is set at 2 X 704 A i.e
I2 = 1056.00 Amps at 480 V
I2 = 121.85 Amps at 4.16 kV = 122.00 Amps (Say) at 4.16 kV
= 1.052 = 1.1
Therefore, Short Time Protection of MCCB is set at 1.5 X In
8.2.2 480 V Outgoing feeder to GT MCC 2 (TYPICAL)
Type of Circuit Breaker: ABB MCCB TYPE T-MAX, T7L, FIXED VERSION, PR231 'LS/I'
MCCB Parameters:

At 10 X In, Trip time (t2) =0.1-0.25 sec

= 703.65 = 704.00 Amps (Say) at 480 V
MCCB Trip Rating (In): 1000 Amps

MCCB Trip Rating (In): 115.38
= 116.00 Amps at 4.16 kV

Pickup Current = 1.1 X704/1000 = 0.77
= 0.80 Say

92.31
= 93.00 Amps at 4.16 kV

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 73 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
Selected Setting:

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 74 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
Trip time t1 for 6 X I1 (6 X 800 A= 4800A = 4.8 In ) is selected as 12 sec

Short time Over current Element of MCCB is set at 2 X 704 A i.e
I2 = 1056.00 Amps at 480 V
= 1.052 = 1.1
Therefore, Short Time Protection of MCCB is set at 1.5 X In
8.2.3 480 V Tie to Unit Switchboard from Essential Switchboard (TYPICAL)



Rated Current of Tie from Essential Switchboard is considered same as the 480 V Incomer to Unit
Switchboard = 1500 kVA/(sqrt(3)X0.48)
= 1804.22 Amps = 1804.00 Amps (Say) at 480 V
In = 2000 A at 480V
= 230.77 A at 4.16kV
say 231 A at 4.16kV

Pickup Current = 1804/ CTR = 0.90
= 0.90 Say

= 207.69 Amps at 4.16 kV
= 207.00 Amps (Say) at 4.16 kV
Selected Setting:
I1 = 0.90 X In
Trip time t1 for 3XI1 (3 X 1800 A= 5400A = 2.7 In ) is selected as 72 sec

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 75 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A

Short time Over current Element of ACB is set at 3.5 X 1800 A i.e
I2 = 6300.00 Amps at 480 V
= 3.15 = 3
Therefore, Short Time Protection of ACB is set at 3 X In (Nearest Available setting)
I2 = 3 X In
= 6000 A @ 480V
Relay operating time of downstream 480 V Outgoing Feeder at 6000A is 0.28
Therefore, Short Time Delay is set at = 0.54 sec

= 0.40 sec Say for proper co-ordination
Selected Setting:
= 30070.33 Amps at 480 V
= 3469.65 Amps at 4.16 kV
= 3500.00 Amps (Say) at 4.16 kV
Selected Setting:
8.2.4 480 V Incomer from 13.8KV Unit Switchgear (TYPICAL)




BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 76 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
= 1804.22 Amps = 1804.00 Amps (Say) at 480 V
In = 2000 A at 480V
= 230.77 A at 4.16kV
say 231 A at 4.16kV

= 0.90 Say

= 207.69 Amps at 4.16 kV
= 207.00 Amps (Say) at 4.16 kV
Selected Setting:
I1 = 0.90 X In

I2 = 6300.00 Amps at 480 V
= 3.15 = 3
I2 = 3 X In
= 6000 A @ 480V

= 0.40 sec Say for proper co-ordination
Selected Setting:
= 30070.33 Amps at 480 V
= 3469.65 Amps at 4.16 kV
= 3500.00 Amps (Say) at 4.16 kV
Selected Setting:

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 77 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A

(51N) setting
Transformer Capacity: 1.5 MVA
Trfr.Impedance: 6%
0.14
0.4= TMS X
(I/Ipickup).02 - 1

= 0.05 Say
Selected Setting:
TMS = 0.05
Relay Details:
1 = curve C

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 78 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
Selected Setting:
8.3 480 V Station Service Switchgear - Essential Switchgear (F-00BFB)
8.3.1 480 V 50% Lighting and Receptacles and other stn auxiliaries (F-00BFB-05 & F-00BFB-18)
MCCB Parameters:

Rated Current of Feeder (Assumed) = 800.00 Amp

= 800.00 Amps (Say) at 480 V

= 92.00 Amps (Say) at 4.16 kV

Pickup Current = 1.1 X 800/800 = 1.10
= 1.00 Say

92.31 Amps at 4.16 kV
= 92.00 Amps (Say) at 4.16 kV
Selected Setting:
= 1.00 X In


BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 79 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
I2 = 184.62 Amps at 4.16 kV = 2.01 = 2
8.3.2 480 V Wash water skid (F-00FB-19)

MCCB Parameters:


= 710.86 = 711.00 Amps (Say) at 480 V

MCCB Trip Rating (In): 92.31 Amps at 480 = 92 Amps (Say) at 4.16 kV

Pickup Current = 1.1 X 711/800 = 0.98
= 1.00 Say
Selected Setting (I1) =1.0 X 800 = 800.00 Amps at 480 V

92.31
= 92.00 Amps at 4.16 kV
Selected Setting:
= 1.00 X In

= 1422.00 Amps at 480 V
= 164.08 Amps at 4.16 kV = 164.00 Amps (Say) at 4.16 kV
= 1.78 = 2
Therefore, Short Time Protection of MCCB is set at 2 X I r (Nearest available setting)
Selected Setting:
= 46776.06 Amps at 480 V
= 5397.24 Amps at 4.16 kV
BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 80 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
= 5400.00 Amps (Say) at 4.16 kV
8.3.3 480 V outgoing to Unit Switchboard (F-00BFB4001-4015)



= 1804.22 Amps = 1804.00 Amps (Say) at 480 V
In = 2000 A at 480V
= 230.77 A at 4.16kV
say 231 A at 4.16kV

= 0.90 Say

= 207.69 Amps at 4.16 kV
= 207.00 Amps (Say) at 4.16 kV
Selected Setting:
I1 = 0.90 X In

I2 = 6300.00 Amps at 480 V
= 3.15 = 3

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 81 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
I2 = 3 X In
= 6000 A @ 480V

= 0.60 sec Say
Selected Setting:
= 30070.33 Amps at 480 V
= 3469.65 Amps at 4.16 kV
= 3500.00 Amps (Say) at 4.16 kV

Selected Setting:
= 0.40 sec (Say) for proper discrimination with
downstream 480 V other end breaker of Tie Feeder Earth
Fault Protection Delay Setting
8.3.4 480 V Bus coupler of Essential Switchboard (F-00BFB-03)



Rated Current of 480 V Essential Switchboard Incomer = 3500 kVA/(sqrt(3)X0.48)

= 4209.85 Amps = 4210.00 Amps (Say) at 480 V
In = 4000 A at 480V
= 461.54 A at 4.16kV
say 462 A at 4.16kV

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 82 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
= 1.00 Say

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 83 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
= 461.54 Amps at 4.16 kV
= 462 Amps (Say) at 4.16 kV
Selected Setting:
I1 = 1.00 X In
Trip time t1 for 3XI1 (3 X 4000A= 12000A = 3 In ) is selected as 144 sec

Short time Over current Element of ACB is set at 2 X 4000 A i.e
I2 = 8000.00 Amps at 480 V
= 2.000 = 2
Therefore, Short Time Protection of ACB is set at 2.0 X In
Relay operating time of Unit Switchboard end breaker of the Tie Feeder
is set at = 0.6 sec

= 0.90 sec Say
Selected Setting:
= 46776.06 Amps at 480 V
= 5397.24 Amps at 4.16 kV
= 5400.00 Amps (Say) at 4.16 kV
Selected Setting:
downstream 480 V Tie Feeder Earth
8.3.5 480 V Incomer to Essential Switchboard (F-00BFB-01 & 02))



BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 84 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A

Rated Current of 480 V Essential Switchboard Incomer = 3500 kVA/(sqrt(3)X0.48)

= 4209.85 Amps = 4210.00 Amps (Say) at 480 V
In = 4000 A at 480V
= 461.54 A at 4.16kV
say 462 A at 4.16kV

= 1.00 Say

= 461.54 Amps at 4.16 kV
= 462 Amps (Say) at 4.16 kV
Selected Setting:
I1 = 1.00 X In

Short time Over current Element of ACB is set at 2 X 4000 A i.e
I2 = 8000.00 Amps at 480 V
= 2.000 = 2
Therefore, Short Time Protection of ACB is set at 2.0 X In
Relay operating time of Unit Switchboard end breaker of the Tie Feeder
is set at = 0.6 sec

= 0.90 sec Say
Selected Setting:
= 46776.06 Amps at 480 V
= 5397.24 Amps at 4.16 kV
= 5400.00 Amps (Say) at 4.16 kV

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 85 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
Selected Setting:
downstream 480 V Tie Feeder Earth

(51N) setting
Trfr.Impedance: 9%
0.14
1.28= TMS X
(I/Ipickup).02 - 1

= 0.10 Say
Selected Setting:
TMS = 0.10
8.3.7 For undervoltage protection ABB make SPAU130C has been provided for 480V switchboard
Relay Details:

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 86 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
Start Voltage U< - 0.4.……1.20 X Un
Operate time at definite time operation characteristic - 0.1……120s
Resetting time - 0.07sec
Reset ratio < - 1.03
Selected Setting:
8.4 480 V Station Service Switchgear - Non Essential Switchgear (F-00BFA)
8.4.1 480 V Outgoing feeder to Local Electrical & Control Room Loads- GT 45/46,47,48,49,50,53/54
& 55/56 and Stn. Area DB, Local Electrical and Control room Loads- GT 51/52
MCCB Parameters:

Rated Current of Feeder (Assumed) = 630.00 Amp

= 630.00 Amps (Say) at 480 V

= 73.00 Amps (Say) at 4.16 kV

Pickup Current = 1.1 X 630/630 = 1.10
= 1.00 Say

72.69 Amps at 4.16 kV
= 73.00 Amps (Say) at 4.16 kV
Selected Setting:
= 1.00 X In

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 87 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
I2 = 145.38 Amps at 4.16 kV = 1.99 = 2
8.4.2 480 V Bus coupler of Non Essential Switchboard (F-00BFA-03)



Rated Current of Bus Coupler is considered same as the 480 V Incomer to Non Essential
Switchboard = 3200 kVA/(sqrt(3)X0.48) = 3850.00 Amps (Say) at 480 V
= 444.23 Amps

= 1.00

= 461.54 Amps at 4.16 kV
= 462.00 Amps (Say) at 4.16 kV
Selected Setting:
I1 = 1.00 X In
Trip time t1 for 3 X I1 (3 X 4000A= 12000A = 3 In ) is selected as 72 sec

I2 = 7700.00 Amps at 480 V = 1.93

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 88 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
Therefore, Short Time Protection of ACB is set at 2.0 X I n ( Nearest available setting)

= 0.25 sec
Therefore, Short Time Delay is set at = 0.30 sec Say
Selected Setting:
Short Time Protection = X In
Selected Setting:
8.4.3 480 V Incomer of Non Essential Switchboard (F-00BFA-01 & 02)



Rated Current of 480 V Incomer to Non Essential Switchboard = 3200 kVA/(sqrt(3)X0.48)

= 3849.00 Amps at 480 V
= 3850.00 Amps (Say) at 480 V
= 444.23 Amps at 4.16 kV
= 445.00 Amps (Say) at 4.16 kV

= 1.00

= 461.54 Amps at 4.16 kV
= 462.00 Amps (Say) at 4.16 kV
Selected Setting:

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 89 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
I1 = 1.00 X In


BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 90 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
I2 = 7700.00 Amps at 480 V = 1.93 =
Therefore, Short Time Protection of ACB is set at 2.0 X I n ( Nearest available setting)

is set at = 0.3 sec
= 0.56 sec
Therefore, Short Time Delay is set at = 0.60 sec Say
Selected Setting:
Selected Setting:

(51N) setting
Trfr.Impedance: 9%
0.14
0.68 = TMS X
(I/Ipickup).02 - 1
BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 91 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
0.14
0.68 = TMS X
(I/Ipickup).02 - 1

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 92 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
0.14
0.68 = TMS X
(I/Ipickup).02 - 1

= 0.05 Say
Selected Setting:
TMS = 0.05
Relay Details:
1 = curve C
Selected Setting:

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 93 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
age No.

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 94 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
- 380kV
Station
0kV GSU
comproses twelve 12
ated power to 380 kV

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 95 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
th a tap off
transformer for
ver 13.8/0.48V unit
53 that is located at
supplying station
'D' for emregency
e station switchgear.
wer requirement for
xiliary transformers.
, is considered for
Generator
metering
on Switchgear
on Switchgear
n Service Switchgear -
& metering.
n Service Switchgear -
etering.
witchgear -For GT
witchgear-For GT
uel Oil / Gas Heater

& 56
uel Oil / Crude Oil

48,49,50
n are provided in the

ol room of local
o covered with the
one complete leg of
p-off to unit auxiliary
overs upto 52S
e zone between the
ered with generator

E document
oes not have
ated system. For
lectrical building for
g feeders are

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 96 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
ng time interval (t')
as follows

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 97 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
m with

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 98 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 99 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
ge phasor)

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 100 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 101 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
m with

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 102 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
ge phasor)

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 103 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
, [Is4 * C4] &

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 104 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
, B, C & D
or the auxiliary

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 105 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 106 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
) at 380 kV
) at 4.16 kV

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 107 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
16 kV is set at

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 108 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
3.8 kV Incomer
erating
set current Ir
set current Ir (Say)
as follows:
tral side relay,

ting time of line side

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 109 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
V transmission

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 110 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
ohm/km
deg.
deg
380.6648
Z H-X1 (Pri)
)
ohms 84.67 deg.

0.0441

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 111 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
ch winding

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 112 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
deg.
) tan (j -(a/2))
deg.
tan (j -(a/2))
+ 0.289)(tan (90-60))
s 5 cycles.

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 113 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
protective relays
ent.
8kV, 0.80pf and 60Hz.
rent/CT ratio
out of the
MVA
)
MVA

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 114 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
is Greater)
& BS) A/B/C &

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 115 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
mely Inverse;
(0.01 sec base
ate time or ± 1/2
is Greater)
) at 13.8 kV
) at 4.16 kV

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 116 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
of Set Current is
set current Ir
Greater)

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 117 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
TRANSFORMER
through the
emain stable

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 118 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
ondary value)
SFORMER WITH TAP

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 119 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
through the
emain stable
ondary value)

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 120 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
) at 13.8 kV
) at 4.16 kV

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 121 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
of Set Current is
set current Ir
set current Ir
ow voltage
d to set at the

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 122 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
) at 13.8 kV
) at 4.16 kV
of Set Current is

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 123 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
set current Ir
ow voltage
d to set at the
) at 13.8 kV
) at 4.16 kV

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 124 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
of Set Current is
set current Ir

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 125 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
ow voltage
d to set at
us-section)
) at 13.8 kV
) at 4.16 kV
mer feeder is
Amps at
s set at :

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 126 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
erating
et Current is
) at 4.16 kV
set current Ir at 4.16 KV
set current Ir
.16 kV
at 13.8 kV
Amps
erating
et Current is

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 127 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
us-section)
) at 13.8 V
) at 4.16 V
mer feeder is
mps at 4.16 kV
s set at :
erating
et Current is

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 128 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
) at 4.16 kV
set current Ir at
set current Ir (Say) at
at 13.8 kV
Amps
erating
et Current is

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 129 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
Amps
erating
et Current is
energised in section)
) at 13.8 V
) at 4.16 V

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 130 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
mer feeder is
mps at 4.16 kV
s set at :
erating
et Current is
) at 4.16 kV
set current Ir at 4.16 kV
at 13.8 kV

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 131 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
Amps
erating
et Current is
energised
d from this Incomer
) at 13.8 kV
) at 4.16 kV
) at 4.16 kV
Amps at 4.16 kV

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 132 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
s set at :
erating
times of Set
set current Ir
Amps
erating
et Current is

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 133 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
1) Differential Protection
ovided in
which only
at 10 MVA
A, 5P20
A, 5P20
mode. The

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 134 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
operation.
under normal
ement will
levels. The
e restraint).
nd lower than
N type and
ondition.
n be set to the
CT saturations.
. This should

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 135 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
A base
nsformer and
t(3) X13.8)
Amps (Say)
he high
rovided in
l steps)
rough the CT

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 136 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
bility as well
nt Resistance

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 137 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
tchboard
root 3 / 120V/3
chboard

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 138 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
) at 4.16 kV
(3) X 4.16)

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 139 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
operating
ough fault
of Set Current is
set current Ir
ow voltage
d to set at

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 140 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
x [102 /
ng time of
dard Overload Curves,

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 141 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
Amps
1.60
T secondary current
momentary faults
both starting and

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 142 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
) at 4.16 KV
s set at :
erating
et Current is
set current Ir

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 143 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
Amps
erating

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 144 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
) at 4.16 V
Amp.
s set at :
erating
et Current is

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 145 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
set current Ir
Amps
erating
et Current is

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 146 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
l steps)
rough the CT
bility as well

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 147 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
perating
ine side
tchboard

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 148 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
chboard
& F-26BHB))
) at 480 V
) at 4.16 kV
) at 4.16 kV
BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 149 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
X In (Say)
) at 480 V
) at 4.16 kV
ion with downstream
X In (Say)

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 150 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
sec Say
s follows:
erating time
ne side circuit
as follows:

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 151 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
F-11BHA,
) at 480 V
) at 4.16 kV

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 152 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
) at 4.16 kV
X In (Say)
) at 480 V
) at 4.16 kV

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 153 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
) at 4.16 kV
X In (Say)
o Unit
) at 480 V
) at 4.16 kV

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 154 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
) at 4.16 kV
X In (Say)
sec.
co-ordination

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 155 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
o Unit
) at 480 V
) at 4.16 kV
) at 4.16 kV
X In (Say)
sec.
co-ordination

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 156 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
s follows:
erating time
ne side circuit
as follows:

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 157 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
0BFB-18)
) at 480 V
) at 4.16 kV
) at 4.16 kV

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 158 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
X In (Say)
) at 480 V
) at 4.16 kV
) at 4.16 kV
) at 4.16 kV
X In (Say)

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 159 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
o Unit
) at 480 V
) at 4.16 kV
) at 4.16 kV
X In (Say)

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 160 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
sec.
r of Tie Feeder Earth
) at 480 V
) at 4.16 kV

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 161 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
) at 4.16 kV
X In (Say)

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 162 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
) at 480 V
) at 4.16 kV
) at 4.16 kV
X In (Say)

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 163 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
s follows:
erating time
ne side circuit
.45 sec
as follows:

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 164 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
49,50,53/54
) at 480 V
) at 4.16 kV

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 165 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
) at 4.16 kV
X In (Say)
) at 480 V
) at 4.16 kV
X In (Say)

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 166 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
) at 480 V
) at 4.16 kV

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 167 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
X In (Say)
s follows:
erating time
ne side circuit
as follows:

BNE-F00-BDO00-2040 168 OF 187
(BLOCK F)
REV A
Outgoing to Fuel Heater Panel
Long Time Protection

I/In Set Current Time (Sec)
1 73 432
2 146 108
6 12
Short Time Protection

2 146 108
2 146 1.6
8 584 0.1
10 730 0.06
2776 0.06
Long Time Protection

0.8 116 480.00

3 435 46
2.4 72
Short Time Protection

3 435 46
3 435 0.30
2776 0.30
SEL-551 Protection for 4.16 kV Outgoing Transformer Feeder
Operating Time T = (A*D)/(VP-Q)+(B*D)+K
Normal Inverse A = 13.5 B = 0
P = 1 K = 0
D = Time Dial Setting

VERY INVERSE
V = I/IS Set Current A P D (A*D)/(VP-Q)+(B*D)+K
1.2 240 13.5 1 0.6 40.50 Points removed from Corodination Curve for
1.3 260 13.5 1 0.6 27.00 proper fitment to the right of the downstream
1.4 280 13.5 1 0.6 20.25 ACB characteristic
1.5 300 13.5 1 0.6 16.20
1.6 320 13.5 1 0.6 13.50
1.7 340 13.5 1 0.6 11.57
1.8 360 13.5 1 0.6 10.13
1.9 380 13.5 1 0.6 9.00
2 400 13.5 1 0.6 8.10
2.5 500 13.5 1 0.6 5.40
3 600 13.5 1 0.6 4.05
3.5 700 13.5 1 0.6 3.24
4 800 13.5 1 0.6 2.70
4.5 900 13.5 1 0.6 2.31
5 1000 13.5 1 0.6 2.03
5.5 1100 13.5 1 0.6 1.80
6 1200 13.5 1 0.6 1.62
6.5 1300 13.5 1 0.6 1.47
7 1400 13.5 1 0.6 1.35
7.5 1500 13.5 1 0.6 1.25
8 1600 13.5 1 0.6 1.16
8.5 1700 13.5 1 0.6 1.08
9 1800 13.5 1 0.6 1.01
9.5 1900 13.5 1 0.6 0.95
10 2000 13.5 1 0.6 0.90
12 2400 13.5 1 0.6 0.74
14 2800 13.5 1 0.6 0.62
15 3000 13.5 1 0.6 0.58
16 3200 13.5 1 0.6 0.54
3200 0.10
15422 0.10
369 Standard Overload Curves Starting vs. time Running curve
Percent of full Time Percent of full

V = I/IS Set Current TMS Time load current Set current 100% Voltage 80% Voltage load current Set current Time
1.01 103.0 2.75 11972.44 100 102.0 8.5 25 200 204.0 1000
1.05 107.1 2.75 2347.71 150 153.0 8.5 25 225 229.5 700
1.1 112.2 2.75 1145.88 200 204.0 8.5 25 250 255.0 550
1.2 122.4 2.75 546.87 250 255.0 8.5 25 320 326.4 280
1.3 132.6 2.75 348.71 300 306.0 8.5 25
1.4 142.8 2.75 250.63 350 357.0 8.5 18 Stalled curve

Percent of full
1.5 153.0 2.75 192.47 400 408.0 8 6 load current Set current Time
1.75 178.5 2.75 116.64 410 418.2 3.7 450 459.0 30
2 204.0 2.75 80.18 415 423.3 2.5 500 510.0 22
2.25 229.5 2.75 59.21 425 433.5 7.5 1.2 550 561.0 17
2.5 255.0 2.75 45.81 450 459.0 7
2.75 280.5 2.75 36.65 475 484.5 5.7
3 306.0 2.75 30.06 500 510.0 4.5
3.25 331.5 2.75 25.15 550 561.0 0.7
3.5 357.0 2.75 21.38
3.75 382.5 2.75 18.41
4 408.0 2.75 16.03
4.25 433.5 2.75 14.09
4.5 459.0 2.75 12.49
4.75 484.5 2.75 11.15
5 510.0 2.75 10.02
5.5 561.0 2.75 8.22
6 612.0 2.75 6.87
6.5 663.0 2.75 5.83
7 714.0 2.75 5.01
7.5 765.0 2.75 4.35
8 816.0 2.75 3.82
8.8 897.6 2.75 3.15
897.6 0.10
13700 0.10
P = 0.02 K = 0

NORMAL INVERSE
1.2 1728 0.14 0.02 0.1 3.83

1.3 1872 0.14 0.02 0.1 2.66
1.5 2160 0.14 0.02 0.1 1.72
2 2880 0.14 0.02 0.1 1.00
2.5 3600 0.14 0.02 0.1 0.76
3 4320 0.14 0.02 0.1 0.63
3.2 4608 0.14 0.02 0.1 0.59
3.5 5040 0.14 0.02 0.1 0.55
4 5760 0.14 0.02 0.1 0.50
4.2 6048 0.14 0.02 0.1 0.48
4.5 6480 0.14 0.02 0.1 0.46
5 7200 0.14 0.02 0.1 0.43
5.5 7920 0.14 0.02 0.1 0.40
6 8640 0.14 0.02 0.1 0.38
6.5 9360 0.14 0.02 0.1 0.37
7 10080 0.14 0.02 0.1 0.35
7.5 10800 0.14 0.02 0.1 0.34
10800 0.30
15422 0.30
P = 0.02 K = 0

NORMAL INVERSE
1.2 1728 0.14 0.02 0.18 6.90

1.5 2160 0.14 0.02 0.18 3.09
2 2880 0.14 0.02 0.18 1.81
2.5 3600 0.14 0.02 0.18 1.36
3 4320 0.14 0.02 0.18 1.13
3.5 5040 0.14 0.02 0.18 0.99
4 5760 0.14 0.02 0.18 0.90
4.2 6048 0.14 0.02 0.18 0.87
4.5 6480 0.14 0.02 0.18 0.83
5 7200 0.14 0.02 0.18 0.77
5.5 7920 0.14 0.02 0.18 0.73
6 8640 0.14 0.02 0.18 0.69
6.5 9360 0.14 0.02 0.18 0.66
7 10080 0.14 0.02 0.18 0.63
7.5 10800 0.14 0.02 0.18 0.61
8 11520 0.14 0.02 0.18 0.59
8.5 12240 0.14 0.02 0.18 0.58
9 12960 0.14 0.02 0.18 0.56
9.5 13680 0.14 0.02 0.18 0.55
9.8 14112 0.14 0.02 0.18 0.54
9.9 14256 0.14 0.02 0.18 0.54
14256 0.50
15422 0.50
SEL-551 Protection for Incomer
P = 0.02 K = 0

NORMAL INVERSE
1.2 5971 0.14 0.02 0.3 11.50

1.5 7464 0.14 0.02 0.3 5.16
2 9952 0.14 0.02 0.3 3.01
2.5 12440 0.14 0.02 0.3 2.27
3 14928 0.14 0.02 0.3 1.89
3.5 17416 0.14 0.02 0.3 1.66
4 19904 0.14 0.02 0.3 1.49
4.5 22392 0.14 0.02 0.3 1.38
4.8 23885 0.14 0.02 0.3 1.32
5 24880 0.14 0.02 0.3 1.28
5.04 25079 0.14 0.02 0.3 1.28
5.5 27368 0.14 0.02 0.3 1.21
6 29856 0.14 0.02 0.3 1.15
6.25 31100 0.14 0.02 0.3 1.13
31100 0.60
53077 0.60
SEL-551 Protection for Buscoupler
P = 0.02 K = 0

NORMAL INVERSE
1.2 3984 0.14 0.02 0.3 11.50

1.5 4980 0.14 0.02 0.3 5.16
2 6640 0.14 0.02 0.3 3.01
2.5 8300 0.14 0.02 0.3 2.27
3 9960 0.14 0.02 0.3 1.89
3.5 11620 0.14 0.02 0.3 1.66
3.7 12284 0.14 0.02 0.3 1.58
4 13280 0.14 0.02 0.3 1.49
4.37 14508 0.14 0.02 0.3 1.40
4.63 15372 0.14 0.02 0.3 1.35
5 16600 0.14 0.02 0.3 1.28
5.5 18260 0.14 0.02 0.3 1.21
5.7 18924 0.14 0.02 0.3 1.19
6 19920 0.14 0.02 0.3 1.15
6.5 21580 0.14 0.02 0.3 1.10
7 23240 0.14 0.02 0.3 1.06
7.5 24900 0.14 0.02 0.3 1.02
24900 0.30
53077 0.30
SEL-551 Protection for Transformer Feeder
P = 1 K = 0

VERY INVERSE
1.2 1596 13.5 1 0.62 41.85

1.5 1995 13.5 1 0.62 16.74
2 2660 13.5 1 0.62 8.37
2.5 3325 13.5 1 0.62 5.58
3 3990 13.5 1 0.62 4.19
3.5 4655 13.5 1 0.62 3.35
4 5320 13.5 1 0.62 2.79
4.5 5985 13.5 1 0.62 2.39
5 6650 13.5 1 0.62 2.09
5.5 7315 13.5 1 0.62 1.86
6 7980 13.5 1 0.62 1.67
6.5 8645 13.5 1 0.62 1.52
7 9310 13.5 1 0.62 1.40
7.5 9975 13.5 1 0.62 1.29
8 10640 13.5 1 0.62 1.20
8.5 11305 13.5 1 0.62 1.12
9 11970 13.5 1 0.62 1.05
9.5 12635 13.5 1 0.62 0.98
10 13300 13.5 1 0.62 0.93
10.5 13965 13.5 1 0.62 0.88
12 15960 13.5 1 0.62 0.76
13 17290 13.5 1 0.62 0.70
13.5 17955 13.5 1 0.62 0.67
14 18620 13.5 1 0.62 0.64
14.5 19285 13.5 1 0.62 0.62
15 19950 13.5 1 0.62 0.60
19950 0.10
53077 0.10
T60 Overcurrent Protection Relay
Operating Time t = (K/((I/IS)^a-1))Tm
Normal Inverse K = 0.14
a = 0.02
NORMAL INVERSE
I/IS SetCurrent K a Tm (K/((I/IS)^a-1))Tm
1.1 33761 0.14 0.02 0.06 4.40

1.2 36830 0.14 0.02 0.06 2.30
1.3 39900 0.14 0.02 0.06 1.60
1.4 42969 0.14 0.02 0.06 1.24
1.5 46038 0.14 0.02 0.06 1.03
1.6 49107 0.14 0.02 0.06 0.89
1.7 52176 0.14 0.02 0.06 0.79
1.8 55246 0.14 0.02 0.06 0.71
1.9 58315 0.14 0.02 0.06 0.65
2 61384 0.14 0.02 0.06 0.60
2.1 64453 0.14 0.02 0.06 0.56
2.2 67522 0.14 0.02 0.06 0.53
2.25 69057 0.14 0.02 0.06 0.51
69057 0.10
1000
Over Current (50 / 51) Protection Coordination
4.16 kV Incomer
480 V Fuel Oil Heater Switchboard - 4.16 kV Station Board -
13.8 kV Station Board - 132 kV GSU Transformer
(Base Voltage 4.16 kV) 4.16 kV Buscoupler
4.16 kV Outgoing Fdr-1

Inrush Characteristics MVA Xfr.
One GSU
100 8000KVA TRANSF FDR
Time (Sec)
GSU Transformer 13.8KV Buscoupler

Damage Curve
13.8 kV OUTGOING
10 MVA TRANSF 13.8KV INCOMER
Inrush Characteristics
Two GSU
4.16KV BUSCOUPLER Outgoing to FH Panel -
Short Time
380KV GSU Incomer to Fuel Heater

10 TRANSFORMER Switchboard - Long Time
Incomer to Fuel Oil Heater

Switchboard - Short Time
Outgoing to FH Panel -
Long Time Time
GSU Transformer
1 INCOMER TO FUEL
OIL SWBD Damage Curve GSU
Transformer
One GSU Transformer

OUTGOING TO FUEL OIL Inrush
HEATER CONTROL PANEL
4.16KV OUTGOING 13.8 kV
Two GSU In-rush
1MVA TRANSF 4.16 KV INCOMER BUSCOUPLER
0.1 Current (Amp) 13.8KV

100 1000 10000 INCOMER 100000 1000000
1000
RUNNING
CONDITION Over Current (50 / 51) Protection Coordination
Starting Motor - 4.16 kV Station Board -
13.8 kV Station Board - 132 kV GSU Transformer
(Base Voltage 4.16 kV)
4.16 kV STARTING
MOTOR
100
Time (Sec)
13.8 kV OUTGOING
STALLED 10MVA TRANSF
CONDITION
STARTING
CURVE (80%)
10
STARTING CURVE
(100%) 380KV GSU TRANSF
4.16 KV INCOMER
4.16KV BUSCOUPLER
13.8 kV BUSCOUPLER
13.8KV INCOMER
0.1 Current (Amp)

100 1000 10000 100000
n
4.16 kV Starting Motor -469
mer Ch.
4.16 kV Starting motor 80%

voltage
4.16 kV Starting motor

100% voltage
4.16 kV Starting Motor

Stalled
4.16 kV Starting Motor

Running
GSU Tr.
4.16 kV Incomer
4.16 kV Buscoupler
380KV GSU TRANSF

8000KVA TRANSF FDR
13.8KV Buscoupler
13.8KV INCOMER
Outgoing to FH Panel -
Short Time
Incomer to Fuel Heater

COUPLER
13.8KV INCOMER Switchboard - Long Time
100000 1000000

COMPLETE RELAY SETTING DOC PP9-Plant-F

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PP9 EXTENSION REINFORCEMENT (BLOCK F)

PROTECTION STUDIES AND RELAY SETTING CALCULATIONS

2.0 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 4

RELAY SETTING CALCULATION 5

3.0 GENERATOR TRANSFORMER PROTECTION 5

3.2 Restricted Earth Fault Protectioon 17

3.3 Volts/Hertz Protection 18

3.4 Overcurrent and Neutral overcurrent (Back up) Portection 19

4.0 GENERATOR PROTECTION 21

4.1 Generator connected to three winding transformer 21

4.1.1 Generator Backup phase distance Protection (21) 21

4.1.2 Generator out of step Portection 23

4.1.3 Voltage Restraint Overcurrent Protection 25

4.1.4 Breaker Failure Protection (50BF) 26

4.1.5 Phase overcurrent (50/51) 27

4.1.6 Phase undervoltage (27) 29

4.1.7 Neutral overvoltage (59N) 29

5.0 13.8KV UNIT SWITCHGEAR 30

5.1 Busbar Differential Protection (Aplicable for three winding 30

5.2 Busbar Differential Protection (Aplicable for three winding 31

6.0 13.8KV STATION SWITCHGEAR 33

6.1 13.8kV Outgoing 3.2 MVA, 13.8/0.48kV Transformer Feeder 33

6.2 13.8kV Outgoing 3.5MVA, 13.8/0.48kV Transformer Feeder 35

6.3 13.8kV Outgoing 8/10MVA, 13.8/4.16kV Transformer Feeder 36

6.4 13.8kV Switchgear Emergency Interconnection Feeder to Plant-D 38

6.5 13.8kV Switchgear Emergency Interconnection Feeder to Future 40

6.6 13.8 kV Grounding Transformer 42

PP9 EXTENSION REINFORCEMENT

6.8 13.8kV Switchgear Incomer 44

6.9 8/10MVA, 13.8/4.16kV Station Auxiliary Transformer 46

6.10 13.8kV Switchgear Busbar Differential Protection 48

6.11 Check synchronising relay 49

6.12 Neutral Overvoltage Protection 50

6.13 Undervoltage Protection 50

7.0 4.16KV STATION SWITCHGEAR 51

7.1 4.16kV Outgoing 1 MVA, 4.16/0.48kV Transformer feeder 51

7.2 4.16kV Starting Motor Feeder 53

7.3 4.16kV Buscoupler circuir breaker 54

7.4 4.16kV Incomer circuit breaker 56

7.5 Restricted Earth Fault Protection for 6.4/8MVA Transformer feeder 58

7.6 Neutral time delayed overcurrent Protection 60

7.7 Check synchronising relay 60

7.8 Neutral Overvoltage Protection 60

7.9 Undervoltage Protection 60

8.0 480V SWITCHGEAR 61

8.1 480V Unit Fuel Oil Switchboard for GT 61

8.1.1 480V Outgoing Feeder to GT Crude Oil Heater Panel 61

8.1.2 480V Incomer to Crude Oil Heater Switchboard 62

8.1.3 Neutral overcurrent (Back up) Protection 63

8.1.4 Undervoltage Protection 63

8.2 480V Unit Switchboard for GT 64

8.2.1 480V Outgoing feeder to GT MCC 1 64

8.2.2 480V Outgoing feeder to GT MCC 2 65

8.2.3 480V Tie to Unit Switchboard from Essential Switchboard 66

8.2.4 480V Incomer from 13.8kV Unit Switchgear 67

8.2.5 Neutral overcurrent (Back up) Protection 68

8.2.6 Undervoltage Protection 69

8.3 480V Station Service Switchgear - Essential Switchgear 70

PP9 EXTENSION REINFORCEMENT

8.3.2 480V Wash water skid 71

PP9 EXTENSION REINFORCEMENT

8.3.3 480V Outgoing to Unit Swithboard 71

8.3.4 480V Bus coupler of Essential Switchboard 73