Shallow Foundations:

Ultimate Bearing Capacity

CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 1

Prof. Osama Nusier
 Introduction
• Shallow foundations must;
1. Be safe against overall shear failure in the soil that
supports them.
2. Not undergo excessive displacement or settlement.
• Ultimate bearing capacity is defined as the load
per unit area of the foundation at which shear
failure in soil occurs (q).

CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 2

Prof. Osama Nusier
 Introduction
• Foundations are classified as
– Shallow foundations- (Df/B≤1, may be up to 4)
– Deep foundations- piles, drilled piers, or drilled
caissons. Lp/B > 4

CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 3

Prof. Osama Nusier
CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 4
Prof. Osama Nusier
 Introduction

• Strip (Continuous) foundation of width B

• Dense sand or stiff cohesive soil
• qu is the ultimate bearing capacity of failure
• General Shear Failure
CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 5
Prof. Osama Nusier
 Introduction

• Sand or clayey soil of medium compaction.

• qu1 is referred to as the first failure load.
• qu failure surface in soil to extend to the ground
surface . Peak value of q not reached.
• Local Shear Failure
CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 6
Prof. Osama Nusier
 Introduction

• Fairly loose soil.

• Failure surface will not extend to the ground
surface.
• Beyond qu the load-settlement plot will be steep and
practically linear
• Punching Shear Failure
CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 7
Prof. Osama Nusier
 Introduction

• Experimental
results by
Vesic(1973), for
rectangular,
square, and
circular plates
2BL
B *
BL
CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 8
Prof. Osama Nusier
 Introduction

• Experimental
results by
Vesic(1973), for
rectangular,
square, and
circular plates
2BL
B *
BL
CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 9
Prof. Osama Nusier
 Terzaghi’s Bearing Capacity Theory
General Shear Failure
Shear Resistance ignored

Triangular Rankine
passive zone   '
Radial shear zone

• Bearing capacity failure under a rough rigid

continuous (strip) foundation.
CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 10
Prof. Osama Nusier
 Terzaghi’s Bearing Capacity Theory
General shear Failure
• Continuous or strip foundation (L/B>5)
1
qu  c' Nc  qNq  BN
2
• Square Foundation
qu  1.3c' Nc  qNq  0.4BN
• Circular Foundation
qu  1.3c' Nc  qNq  0.3BN
B=width of the square/strip foundation and the diameter
in case of the circular foundation
CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 11
Prof. Osama Nusier
 Terzaghi’s Bearing Capacity Theory
General shear Failure
Nc  cot ' ( N q  1)
3  '
2(  ) tan '
e 4 2
Nq 
'
2 cos (45  ) 2
2 When φ=0,
1 K p Nc=5.7
N  ( 2  1) tan  '
2 cos ( ' ) Nq=1
' Nγ=0.0
K p  tan (45  )
2
2
CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 12
Prof. Osama Nusier
 Terzaghi’s Bearing Capacity Theory
General shear Failure

CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 13

Prof. Osama Nusier
 Terzaghi’s Bearing Capacity Theory
Local shear Failure
• Continuous or strip foundation
2 1
qu  c' N 'c qN 'q  BN '
3 2
• Square Foundation
qu  0.867c' N 'c qN 'q 0.4BN'
• Circular Foundation
qu  0.867c' N 'c qN 'q 0.3BN'
B=width of the square/strip foundation and the diameter
in case of the circular foundation
CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 14
Prof. Osama Nusier
 Terzaghi’s Bearing Capacity Theory
_
Local shear Failure
N 'c  cot '( Nq  1)
_
3  ' _
2(  ) tan '
e 4 2
N 'q  _
' When φ=0,
2 cos (45  )
2
N’c=5.7
2
1 K p _ N’q=1
N '  ( _
 1) tan  ' N’γ=0.0
2
cos2 ( ')
_
' _
1 2
K p  tan (45  )
2
 '  tan ( tan  ' )
2 3
CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 15
Prof. Osama Nusier
 General Bearing Capacity Theory
Meyerhof (1963)
1
qu  c' Nc Fcs Fcd Fci  qNq Fqs Fqd Fqi  BN Fs Fd Fi
2
c’= cohesion
q = effective stress at the level of the bottom of the
foundation
y = unit weight of soil
B = width of foundation (diameter for a circular foundation)
Fcs,Fqs,Fγ s= Shape factors
Fcd,Fqd,Fγd = Depth factors
Fci,Fqi,F γi = Load inclination factors
Nc,Nq,Nγ= Bearing capacity factors
CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 16
Prof. Osama Nusier
 General Bearing Capacity Theory
Meyerhof (1963)
1
qu  c' Nc Fcs Fcd Fci  qNq Fqs Fqd Fqi  BN Fs Fd Fi
2
Unless mentioned otherwise use the following
factors (Vesic 1973)
Nc  ( Nq  1) cot ' When φ=0,
 '  tan ' Nc=5.14
Nq  tan (45  )e
2
Nq=1
2 Nγ=0.0
N  2( Nq  1) tan  '

CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 18

Prof. Osama Nusier
 General Bearing Capacity Theory
Meyerhof (1963)

CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 19

Prof. Osama Nusier
 General Bearing Capacity Theory
Meyerhof (1963)
1
qu  c' Nc Fcs Fcd Fci  qNq Fqs Fqd Fqi  BN Fs Fd Fi
2
Unless mentioned otherwise use the following
factors  B  N q 
Fcs  1    
 L  Nc 
B
Fqs  1    tan  '
L
B
Fs  1  0.4 
L
CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 20
Prof. Osama Nusier
 General Bearing Capacity Theory
Meyerhof (1963)
1
qu  c' Nc Fcs Fcd Fci  qNq Fqs Fqd Fqi  BN Fs Fd Fi
2
Unless mentioned otherwise use the following
factors
Df Df
1 1
B B In radians
Df Df
Fcd  1  0.4 (  0) Fcd  1  0.4 tan ( )   0
1

B B
Df Df
Fcd  0.4 (  0) Fcd  0.4 tan ( )   0
1

B B
Df Df
Fqd  1  2 tan  ' (1  sin  ' )
2 Fqd  1  2 tan  ' (1  sin  ' ) tan ( )
2 1

B B
Fd  1 Fd  1
CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 21
Prof. Osama Nusier
 General Bearing Capacity Theory
Meyerhof (1963)
1
qu  c' Nc Fcs Fcd Fci  qNq Fqs Fqd Fqi  BN Fs Fd Fi
2
Unless mentioned otherwise use the following
factors
 2
Fci  Fqi  (1   )
90

 2
Fi  (1  )
' β is the inclination angle with respect
to the vertical.
CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 22
Prof. Osama Nusier
 General Bearing Capacity Theory
Modification for Water Table
 B 
Term
 q Term
 
c Term      1
qu  c' Nc Fcs Fcd Fci  qNq Fqs Fqd Fqi  BN Fs Fd Fi
2
Case I: 0≤D1≤Df
c-term: unchanged

q-term: q  D1  D2 ( sat   w )

B-term:    '   sat   w

CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 23

Prof. Osama Nusier
 General Bearing Capacity Theory
Modification for Water Table
 B 
Term
 q Term
 
c Term      1
qu  c' Nc Fcs Fcd Fci  qNq Fqs Fqd Fqi  BN Fs Fd Fi
2
Case II: 0≤d≤B
c-term: unchanged

q-term: q  Df 
_
d
B-term:    ' (   ' )
B
Case III: d≥B Water will have no effect
CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 24
Prof. Osama Nusier
 General Bearing Capacity Theory
Safety Factor
• The gross allowable load-bearing capacity of
shallow foundations requires the application
of a factor of safety (FS) to the gross ultimate
bearing capacity (FS=3 to 4)q
qall  u
FS
• If the difference between the unit weight of
concrete used in the foundation and the unit
weight of surrounding soil is assumed to be
negligible, then qu  D f 
qnet  qu  D f  qall ( net ) 
FS
CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 25
Prof. Osama Nusier
 General Bearing Capacity Theory
Safety Factor
• Factor of safety with respect to shear failure
(FSshear=1.4 to 1.6)
c'
c'd 
FSshear
1 tan  '
 'd  tan ( )
FSshear
• The magnitude of FS should depend on the
uncertainties and risks involved for the conditions
encountered.

CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 26

Prof. Osama Nusier
 Example UBC1
• A rectangular footing 2m by 3m is placed at a
depth of 1m the soil has c=15kPa, φ=15˚, γ=17
kN/m3. Determine the maximum allowable
load the footing can carry. Use SF=4
Qall

Qall
qall ( net ) 
L

L B

qall(net)
B
CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 27
Prof. Osama Nusier
 Example UBC1
 '  tan ' 15  tan15
Nq  tan (45  )e
2
 tan (45  )e
2
 3.94
2 2
Nc  ( Nq  1) cot '  (3.94  1) cot15  10.97
N  2( Nq  1) tan  '  2(3.94  1) tan15  2.65
 B  Nq  2 3.94
Fcs  1      1    1.24
 L  Nc  3 10.97
 B 2
Fqs  1    tan  '  1  tan15  1.18
L 3
 B 2
Fs  1  0.4   1  0.4   .73
L 3
CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 28
Prof. Osama Nusier
 Example UBC1
Df 1
 1
B 2
Df 1
Fcd  1  0.4  1  0.4   1.2
B 2
2 Df 2 1
Fqd  1  2 tan  ' (1  sin  ' )  1  2 tan15  (1  sin15)   1.15
B 2
Fd  1
 0
Fci  Fqi  Fi  1

CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 29

Prof. Osama Nusier
 Example UBC1
1
qu  c' Nc Fcs Fcd Fci  qNq Fqs Fqd Fqi  BN Fs Fd Fi
2
q

 15 10.97 1.24 1.2  1  17 1 3.94 1.18 1.15 1
1
  17  2  2.65  0.73 11
2
 244.85  90.89  32.89
 368.63 kPa

CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 30

Prof. Osama Nusier
 Example UBC1
qu ( net )
Qall  qall ( net )  L  B   L B
SF
qu  D f
  L B
SF
368.63  17  1
  23
4
 527.45 kN
 53.8 Tons

CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 31

Prof. Osama Nusier
 Example UBC2
• A rectangular footing has to carry a total
allowable load of 450 kN (≈46 Tons) Find B
and L. The depth of footing is 2m below the
surface. The load is inclined at 20˚. The soil
properties are: c=0, φ=30˚, and γ=18 kN/m3.
 '  tan ' 30  tan30
Nq  tan (45  )e
2 2
 tan (45  )e  18.40
2 2
Nc   Not needed
N  2( Nq  1) tan  '  2(18.4  1) tan 30  22.40
CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 32
Prof. Osama Nusier
 Example UBC2
Assume L/B =1.5 (can take anywhere between 1.25 to 2)
B 1
Fqs  1    tan  '  1  tan 30  1.38
L 1.5
B 1
Fs  1  0.4   1  0.4   .73
L 1.5
Assume Df/B <1
2 Df 2
Fqd  1  2 tan  ' (1  sin  ' )  1  2 tan 30  (1  sin 30) 
2
B B
0.58
1
B
Fd  1
CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 33
Prof. Osama Nusier
 Example UBC2
 
 2 20 2
Fci  Fqi  (1   )  (1   )  0.61
90 90
 2 20 2
Fi  (1  )  (1  )  0.11
' 30
1
qu ( net )  q( N q Fqs Fqd Fqi  1)  BN  Fs Fd Fi
2
q
   0.58 
 18  2 18.4 1.38  1    0.61  18  2
 B 
1
 18  B  22.4  0.73 0.11
2
CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 34
Prof. Osama Nusier
 Example UBC2
 0.58 
qu ( net)  557.61    16.19B  36
 B 
450 cos(20) 557.6  0.58  16.19
 1   B  12
1.5B 2 3  B  3
422.86  8.1B3  260.8B 2  161.7 B
 B  0.99 m
 B  1.0 m
Use B=1.0m and L=1.5m
Had we ignored the B-term the answer would be 1.0 m
Check Qall with Df/B>1 if not safe re-adjust the design
CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 35
Prof. Osama Nusier
 General Bearing Capacity Theory
Effect of Compressibility
1
qu  c' Nc Fcs Fcd Fci Fcc  qNq Fqs Fqd Fqi Fqc  BN Fs Fd Fi Fc
2
• To calculate the Fcc,Fqc, and Fγ c( soil
compressibility factors) do the following steps:
1. Calculate the rigidity index Ir, of the soil at a
depth approximately B/2
Gs
Ir 
c'q' tan  '
2. The critical rigidity index Ir(cr),
1  B   ' 
I r (cr )  exp  3.30  0.45  cot 45  
2  L  2 
CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 36
Prof. Osama Nusier
 General Bearing Capacity Theory
Effect of Compressibility
– If Ir>Ir(cr) then
• Fcc=Fqc=Fγ c=1.0
– If Ir<Ir(cr) then

 B  3.07 sin  'log( 2I r ) 

Fc  Fqc  exp  4.4  0.6  tan '   
 L  1  sin  ' 
B
Fcc  0.32  0.12  0.60 log( I r ) ' 0
L
1  Fqc
Fcc  Fqc  ' 0
Nc tan( ' )

CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 37

Prof. Osama Nusier
 Example UBC3
• For a shallow foundation, B=1.5 m, L =3.0 m,
and Df = 0.6 m. Determine the soil
compressibility factors if the soil properties
are as follows:
 '  25
c'  48 kN/m2
  18 kN/m3
Es  620 kN/m2
s  0.3
CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 38
Prof. Osama Nusier
 Example UBC3
 B  1.5 
q'    D f    18 0.6    24.3 kN/m2
 2  2 
Gs Es 1 620
Ir   
c'q' tan  ' 2(1  s ) c'q' tan  ' 2(1  0.3)(48  24.3 tan 25)
 4.02
1  B   ' 
I r (cr )  exp  3.30  0.45  cot 45  
2  L  2 
1  1.5   25 
 exp  3.30  0.45  cot 45  
2  3.0   2 
 62.41  I r
CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 39
Prof. Osama Nusier
 Example UBC3
 B  3.07 sin  'log( 2I r ) 
Fc  Fqc  exp  4.4  0.6  tan '   
 L  1  sin  ' 
 1.5   3.07 sin 25log( 2  4.02) 
 exp  4.4  0.6  tan25   
 3.0   1  sin 25 
 0.405
1  Fqc
Fcc  Fqc 
Nc tan( ' )
1  0.405
 0.405   0.343
20.72 tan(25)

CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 40

Prof. Osama Nusier
 Correction for Eccentric Loading
Meyerhof’s Theory
• Effective Area=A’=B’xL’
• B’=B-2eB, L’=L
– Or L’=L-2eL
• In the Ultimate Bearing
Capacity equation use
B’ and L’ instead of B L
and L except in the
depth factor.
Qall  qall ( net )  L'B'
CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 41
Prof. Osama Nusier
 Ultimate Bearing Capacity
Correction for Eccentric Loading
1
q'u  c' Nc Fcs Fcd Fci  qNq Fqs Fqd Fqi  B' N Fs Fd Fi
2
 B'  Nq 
Fcs  1    
 L'  Nc 
 B' 
Fqs  1    tan  '
 L' 
 B' 
Fs  1  0.4 
 L' 
CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 42
Prof. Osama Nusier
 Ultimate Bearing Capacity
One Way Eccentric Loading
M  Q  eB
Q Mc
q 
B L I
B
Q Q  eB 
  2
B L LB3
12
Q  6eB 
qmax  1   qmin  0
min A B 
Soil can not hold tension
CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 43
Prof. Osama Nusier
 Ultimate Bearing Capacity
One Way Eccentric Loading
B’
Q  6eB 
qmin  1  0
B/2

A B 
B
eB 
6
B’/3
For eB>B/6 Q

qmax B B'
Q LB'  eB 
2 2 3
2Q 4Q
qmax  
3L(  eB ) 3L( B  2eB )
B
2
CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 44
Prof. Osama Nusier
 Example UBC4
• Determine the ultimate load per unit length for
a continuous (strip) footing of width B=1.8m at
a depth (Df)=1.2m. The load eccentricity is
(eB)=0.15m. Use the effective area method. The
soil properties are:
c’=0, φ’=35˚, and γ=17.5 kN/m3.
1
q'u  qNq Fqs Fqd Fqi  B' N Fs Fd Fi
2
q  21 kN/m 2
CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 45
Prof. Osama Nusier
 Example UBC4
 '  tan ' 35  tan 35
Nq  tan (45  )e
2
 tan (45  )e
2
 33.30
2 2
N  2( Nq  1) tan  '  2(33.30  1) tan 35  48.03
B'  1.8  2  0.15  1.5 m 0.15  1
1.8 6
B'
 0  Fqs  Fs  1
L'
Df 2 1.2
Fqd  1  2 tan  ' (1  sin  ' )
2
 1  2 tan 35  (1  sin 35)   1.17
B 1.8
Fd  1

CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 46

Prof. Osama Nusier
 Example UBC4
1
q'u  21 33.3 11.17 1  17.5 1.5  48.03 111
2
 1448.57 kN/m2

Qult  1.5 11448.57
 2172.86 kN/m
 220 ton/m

CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 47

Prof. Osama Nusier
 Correction for Eccentric Loading
Prakash and Saran Theory
• The ultimate load per unit length of a
continuous foundation can be estimated as:
 1 
Qult  Bc' Nc(e)  qNq(e)  BN (e) 
 2 
– where Nc(e), Nq(e), Nγ(e)= bearing capacity factors
under eccentric loading
• The ultimate load per unit length of a
rectangular foundation can be estimated as:
 1 
Qult  BL c' Nc(e) Fcs (e)  qNq(e) Fqs(e)  BN (e) Fs (e) 
 2 
CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 48
Prof. Osama Nusier
CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 49
Prof. Osama Nusier
 L
Fcs (e)  1.2  0.025 1
B
B
Fqs(e)  1   
L
2
 2e  B   3 e  B 
Fs (e)  1    0.68   0.43    
 B   
L 2 B  L 

CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 50

Prof. Osama Nusier
 Example UBC5
• Find Qult for example UBC4 using Prakash and
Saran theory

 1 
Qult  B c' N c (e)  qN q (e)  BN  (e) 
 2 
 1 
 1.821 30.5  17.5 1.8  23.1
 2 
 1807.785 kN/m
 184 ton/m
CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 51
Prof. Osama Nusier
 Ultimate Bearing Capacity
Two Way Eccentric Loading
• Effective Area=A’=B’xL’
• B’=B-2eB, L’=L-2eL L

• In the Ultimate Bearing eL

Capacity equation use
eB
B’ and L’ instead of B B
and L except in the
depth factor. If L’<B’ then B’=L’
Say B=1.0 m, L=1.2 m, eB=0 m and eL=0.15 m
Qall  qall ( net )  L'B' Then B’=1.0 m and L’= 0.9 m
Thus B’=0.9 m and L’=1.0 m
CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 52
Prof. Osama Nusier
 Ultimate Bearing Capacity
Two Way Eccentric Loading

Q M y c M xc
q  
B L I I
B L
Q Q  eB  Q  eL 
  2 2
B L LB 3
BL 3

12 12
Q  6eB 6eL  6eB 6eL
qmax  1    qmin  0  1  
min A B L  B L
CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 53
Prof. Osama Nusier
 Ultimate Bearing Capacity
Two Way Eccentric Loading
(No Footing Separation qmin≥0)
3 2
Q  6eB 6eL 
q1  1   
A B L 
Q  6eB 6eL  B
q2  1   
eB
A B L 
4 eL 1
Q  6eB 6eL 
q3  1   
A B L  L
If column falls less than B/2 (+) and less
Q  6eB 6eL  than L/2 (+)
q4  1   
A B L 
CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 54
Prof. Osama Nusier
 Ultimate Bearing Capacity
Two Way Eccentric Loading
• In practice the e/B ratio is seldom greater than
0.2 and is usually limited to e < B/6.
eL 1 eB 1
• Case I: L  6 & B  6
1
A'  B1L1
2
3 3eL 3 3eB
L1  L(  ) B1  B(  )
2 L 2 B
A'
B' 
max( B1, L1 )
CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 55
Prof. Osama Nusier
 Ultimate Bearing Capacity
Multi-Layered Soil Stratum
• Using weighted average is approximate but
conservative.
n n n
cihi tani hi  i hi
c i 1
n
tan   i 1
n
 i 1
n
 hi  hi  hi
i 1 i 1 i 1
• If more accurate analysis is needed methods in
chapter 4 of the text can be used or advanced
analysis using the method of characteristics

CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 64

Prof. Osama Nusier
 Example UBC7
Qa
• For the footing
determine the c’=10, φ’=10˚, and γ=15 kN/m3 2m
max allowable Soil 1
B=1.5 m
Water table
load it can carry c’=0, φ’=25˚, and γ=18.6 kN/m3 Soil 2
use SF=3

L=2.3 m 0.30 m

0.20 m

CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 65

Prof. Osama Nusier
 Example UBC7
10  2  0 1.5
c  5.7 kN/m2
3.5
1 2  tan10  1.5  tan 25 
  tan    16.73
 3.5 
15  2  18.6 1.5
  16.54 kN/m3
3.5
L'  2.3  2  0.3  1.7
B'  1.5  2  0.2  1.1

CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 66

Prof. Osama Nusier
 Example UBC7
 '  tan ' 16.73  tan16.73
Nq  tan (45  )e
2
 tan (45 
2
)e  4.65
2 2
Nc  ( Nq  1) cot '  (4.65  1) cot16.73  12.14
N  2( Nq  1) tan  '  2(4.65  1) tan16.73  3.40
 B'  N q  1.1 4.65
Fcs  1      1   1.25
 L'  N c  1.7 12.14
 B'  1.1
Fqs  1    tan '  1  tan16.73  1.19
 L'  1.7
 B'  1.1
Fs  1  0.4   1  0.4   .74
 L'  1.7
CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 67
Prof. Osama Nusier
 Df
Example UBC7
1
B
Df1 1 2
Fcd  1  0.4 tan ( )  1  0.4 tan ( )
B 1.5
 1.37
1 D f
Fqd  1  2 tan  ' (1  sin  ' ) tan ( )
2
B
1 2
 1  2 tan16.73(1  sin16.73) tan ( )
2
1.5
 1.28
Fd  1
CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 68
Prof. Osama Nusier
 Example UBC7
Water table correction
Case I: 0≤D1≤Df

c-term: unchanged

q-term: q  16.54  2  33.08 kN/m

2

B-term:    '   sat   w  16.54  9.81  6.73 kN/m3

CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 69

Prof. Osama Nusier
 Example UBC7
1
q'u ( net)  c' N c Fcs Fcd Fci  q( N q Fqs Fqd Fqi  1)  B' N Fs Fd Fi
2
 5.7 12.14 1.25 1.37
 33.08  (4.65 1.19 1.28  1)
1
  6.73 1.1 3.4  0.74 1
2
 118 .50  201 .22  9.31
 329 .03 kN/m 2
329 .03
qall( net)   109 .68 kN/m 2
3
Qall( net)  109 .68 1.7 1.1  205 .51 kN  20.5 Ton

CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 70

Prof. Osama Nusier
 Example UBC7
Qall ( net )  6eB 6eL 
qmax   1  
B L  B L 
Qall ( net )  6  0.3 6  0.2 
109.68   1  
1.5  2.3  2.3 1.5 
109.68
Qall ( net ) 
0.75
 146.2 kN  14.0 Ton
CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 71
Prof. Osama Nusier
 Example UBC8
• Design a square footing for the following
conditions:
– Qall(net)=1400 kN, eB=eL=0.2m.
– c’=0, φ’=30˚, and γ=18 kN/m3.
– Df=1.0 m, SF=3.0.
1
q'u ( net)  q( Nq Fqs Fqd Fqi 1)  B' N Fs Fd Fi
2

B'  B  2  eB
CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 72
Prof. Osama Nusier
 Example UBC8
 '  tan ' 30  tan 30
Nq  tan (45  )e
2
 tan (45  )e
2
 18.40
2 2
N  2( Nq  1) tan  '  2(18.40  1) tan 30  22.4
 B'   B' 
Fqs  1    tan  '  1    tan 30  1.58
 L'   B' 
 B'   B' 
Fs  1  0.4   1  0.4   0.60
 L'   B' 
2 Df 2 1.0
Fqd  1  2 tan  ' (1  sin  ' )  1  2 tan 30  (1  sin 30) 
B B
0.29
1 Fd  1
B
CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 73
Prof. Osama Nusier
 Example UBC8
1
q'u ( net )  q( N q Fqs Fqd Fqi  1)  B' N Fs Fd Fi
2
0.29
 18 1 (18.4 1.58  (1  ) 1  1)
B
1
 18  ( B  2  0.2)  22.4  0.6 11
2
151.76
 456.91   120.96B
B
50.59
 qall( net )  152.30   40.32B
B

CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 74

Prof. Osama Nusier
 Example UBC8

1400 6  0.2 6  0.2

qmax  2 (1   )
B B B
 3 2.4  B 
1400
B
 40.32B  3 2.4  B 
50.59 1400
 152.30 
B B
 B  2.96 m  3.0 m
1400 6  0.2 6  0.2
qmin  (1   )  31.11 kN/m2  0  ok
9 3 3

CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 75

Prof. Osama Nusier
 Example UBC8
1400 6  0.2 6  0.2
qmax  (1   )  280 kN/m2
9 3 3
0.29
q'u ( net )  18 1 (18.4 1.58  (1  ) 1  1)
3
1
 18  (3  2  0.2)  22.4  0.6 11
2
 894.57 kN/m2
894.57
 qall( net )   298.20 kN/m2  280 kN/m2  ok
SF  3

CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 76

Prof. Osama Nusier
 Example UBC8
Another approach would be by trial and error:
1. Start by using
1400 6  0.2 6  0.2
qmin  2 (1   )  0  B  2.4 m
B B B

2. Construct the following table by using

50.59
qall( net )  152.30   40.32B
B
 3 2.4  B 
1400
qmax
B
CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 77
Prof. Osama Nusier
 Example UBC6
B (m) qnet(all)(kN/m2) qmin(kN/m2) qmax(kN/m2)
2.40 270.15 0.00 486.11
2.50 273.34 8.96 439.04
2.60 276.59 15.93 398.27
2.70 279.90 21.34 362.75
2.80 283.26 25.51 331.63
2.90 286.67 28.70 304.24
3.00 290.12 31.11 280.00
3.10 293.61 32.90 258.47

CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 78

Prof. Osama Nusier
 Continuous Foundation Subjected to
Eccentric Inclined Loading
 1 
Qult  Bc' Nc(ei )  qNq(ei )  BN (ei ) 
 2 
• Use Meyerhof’s Theory (effective area)

CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 79

Prof. Osama Nusier
 Ultimate Bearing Capacity
Two Way Eccentric Loading
• Approximate method by Meyerhof
qall(net) _ Des  qall(net)  ReL  ReB
2eL
ReL  1 
L Cohesive Soil
2eB
ReB  1 
B
eL
ReL  1  eL eB
L
Cohesion-less Soil 0  ,  0.3
ReB  1 
eB L B
B
CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 80
Prof. Osama Nusier
 Ultimate Bearing Capacity
Based on SPT test
• Meyerhof method (25 mm settlement )
qnet = q - g Df q = stress at the level of the foundation

N60
qnet (kN / m ) 2
B  1.22m
0.08
N B  0.3 2 B  1.22m
qnet (kN / m2 )  60 ( )
0.125 B

CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 81

Prof. Osama Nusier
 Ultimate Bearing Capacity
Based on SPT test
• Meyerhof method (25 mm settlement )
• Since the values determined by the previous equations are
rather conservative, it is suggested the net allowable bearing
pressure should be increased by about 50%. Taking this is into
consideration, we now have the equations
N S
qnet (kN / m2 )  60 Fd ( e ) B  1.22m
2.5 25
Fd =1+0.33(Df /B) Se = settlement (mm)
2
N  B  0.3  Se
qnet (kN / m2 )  60  F ( ) B  1.22m
0.08  B  d 25

CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 82

Prof. Osama Nusier
 HW#3

• Q4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, and 4.9

CE 464 2nd Semester 2018/2019 83

Prof. Osama Nusier