International Well Control Forum

IWCF Drilling Well Control Level 2 Cross Reference From

19 July 2017
Version 4.0

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PRINCIPLES AND PROCEDURES

OVERVIEW
Well Control Incidents
DR-SF-PNP-01.01.01

Describe the potential impact of a well control incident

on:
The impact of a well
- Personnel
control incident.
- Employment
Environment.

Well Control Training and Assessment

DR-SF-PNP-01.02.01

Explain "why are we here?" including:

- Capability to apply well control skills
The need for well control
- Responsibility to colleagues
training and assessment.
- Reduce the severity of impact of a well control
event.

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INTRODUCTION TO WELL CONTROL

Hydrostatic Pressure
DR-SF-PNP-02.01.01

Factors that affect Explain hydrostatic pressure and factors that can affect
hydrostatic pressure. it.
DR-SF-PNP-02.01.02

Hydrostatic pressure
Calculate hydrostatic pressure at a given depth.
calculations.

Formation pressure
DR-SF-PNP-02.02.01

Explain what formation pore pressure is and calculate

Formation pore pressure.
normal formation pore pressure.

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DR-SF-PNP-02.02.02

Formation pore pressure

Explain why hydrostatic pressure must exceed pore
as the lower limit of the
pressure.
mud weight window.

Fracture Pressure
DR-SF-PNP-02.03.01

Fracture pressure. Explain fracture pressure.

DR-SF-PNP-02.03.02

Fracture pressure as the

Explain why hydrostatic pressure must be less than
upper limit of the mud
fracture pressure.
weight window.

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Category
Learning objective. During
this course the student will
gain an understanding of:
Primary Well Control
DR-SF-PNP-02.04.01
Primary well control.
Secondary Well Control
DR-SF-PNP-02.05.01
Secondary well control.
Subsea Factors and Complications for Surface Candidates
DR-SF-PNP-02.07.01
The differences between
surface and subsea
drilling operations.
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Explain the main principles of primary well control, and
why hydrostatic pressure must be kept above formation
pressure and below fracture pressure.
Explain secondary well control.
Describe the effects of:
- Vessel movement and weather (emergency
disconnect)
- BOP on the sea bed
- Water depth
- Riser above the BOP
- Choke and kill lines.
AC-0082 Version 4.0 Page 5 of 36
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BARRIERS
Barrier Concept
From a given situation, identify examples of primary
DR-SF-PNP-03.01.01

and secondary barriers:

- Procedural (monitoring), drilling fluid density
and BOP testing
Well barrier philosophy in
- Drilling fluid, cement, casing, liners, pack-offs,
drilling and workover
BOPs and packers.
operations.
Describe best practice of two independently tested
well barriers between the source of pressure in the
well and the environment.
DR-SF-PNP-03.01.02

Define the term ‘barrier’.

The term ‘barrier’.
(See IWCF Well Barrier Document).
DR-SF-PNP-03.01.03

The well barrier elements Define a well barrier element.

in well operations. (See IWCF Well Barrier Document).

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DR-SF-PNP-03.01.04 Lesson plan Course Materials

The well barrier elements Define a well barrier element.

in well operations. (See IWCF Well Barrier Document).
DR-SF-PNP-03.01.05

Describe the principles of different well barrier element

The principles of different
types and explain the differences between:
well barrier element
- Mechanical barriers
types.
- Hydrostatic barriers.
DR-SF-PNP-03.01.06

Barrier terminology –
Describe the terms ‘primary” and ‘secondary’ barriers
‘primary’ and ‘secondary’
elements.
barrier elements.

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DR-SF-PNP-03.01.07 Lesson plan Course Materials

Verification of well barrier

Explain why well barrier elements must be verified.
elements.

RISK MANAGEMENT
Well Control and Emergency Drills
DR-SF-PNP-04.01.01

Describe the main processes of risk management:

- Hazard identification and mitigations
Risk management. - Crew meetings and handovers
- Use instructions
- Toolbox talks.

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DR-SF-PNP-04.01.02

The Management of
Explain why a MOC process is required.
Change (MOC) process.
DR-SF-PNP-04.01.04

Describe the main well control drills and explain why

they are important:
The need for well control - Pit drill
drills. - Trip drill
- Choke drill
- Diverter drill.

CAUSES OF KICKS
General
DR-SF-PNP-05.01.01

Identify situations that can cause hydrostatic pressure

The causes of kicks.
to be less than formation pressure.

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Loss of Hydrostatic Pressure

DR-SF-PNP-05.02.01

Describe what can happen:

The consequences of
- When pipe is pulled and the hole is not full
failing to keep the hole
- When circulation is lost.
full.
- When there is a formation fracture.
DR-SF-PNP-05.02.02

List the possible causes of a reduction in fluid density:

Factors that affect fluid - Adding water to the fluid system
density. - Use of centrifuges
- Gas cut drilling fluid.

Gas Cutting
DR-SF-PNP-05.04.01

Explain what gas cut drilling fluid is and its effect on

Bottom Hole Pressure (BHP).
Gas cutting of drilling
fluid.
Explain what actions to take:
- Alert the Driller.

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Lost Circulation
DR-SF-PNP-05.05.01

Identify how losses are recognised:

The methods to recognise
- The pit levels
losses.
- The rate of returns.

Swab and Surge Effects

DR-SF-PNP-05.06.01

Outline the factors that cause swabbing and surging:

The causes of swabbing
and surging.
DR-SF-PNP-05.06.02
- Drilling fluid density
- Drilling fluid viscosity
- Pipe running speeds
- Well and pipe/BHA geometry
- Measured depth.

Outline the potential effects of swabbing and surging

on BHP:
The consequences of
- Formation breakdown
swabbing and surging.
- Losses
- Swabbed influx.

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Tripping
DR-SF-PNP-05.07.01

Describe the process tripping:

- Pulling Out of Hole (POOH)
The tripping process.
- Run In Hole (RIH)
- Tripping in and out of the hole.
DR-SF-PNP-05.07.02

Identify the primary risks encountered during tripping:

Pulling out of hole:

The risks associated with
- Swabbing
tripping.
Running in hole:
- Surging.
DR-SF-PNP-05.07.03

Explain the purpose of a trip tank and how fluid enters

The use of a trip tank and leaves it.
and trip sheet.
Explain the purpose of a trip sheet.

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DR-SF-PNP-05.07.04

Actions to take when

there are deviations from Describe the trip tank indications that an influx or loss
predicted trip tank is occurring.
volumes.
DR-SF-PNP-05.07.05

Describe the actions to take after identifying an influx

The actions to take after
trip sheet evaluation
shows an influx.
DR-SF-PNP-05.07.06
while tripping:
- Flow check
- Run back to bottom
- Circulate the influx out.

Explain what pumping a ‘slug’ means and its intended

result.
Common tripping
practices.
Explain why it may be necessary to pump out of the
hole.

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Learning objective. During
this course the student will
gain an understanding of:
KICK WARNING SIGNS AND KICK INDICATORS
Kick Warning Signs and First Actions
DR-SF-PNP-06.01.01
Kick warning signs while
drilling and/or circulating.
DR-SF-PNP-06.01.03
Actions to take after
recognising a kick
warning sign.
Kick Indicators
DR-SF-PNP-06.02.01
Kick indicators and the
importance of early kick
detection
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Lesson plan Course Materials
Identify kick warning signs including:
- Rate of penetration changes
- Cuttings size and shape
- Drilling fluid temperature increase
- Changes in gas trends at the shakers
- Increase in torque and drag.
Explain actions to take:
- Communicate to the Driller.
Define what a kick indicator is:
- An increase in flow
- An increase in tank volume.
Outline why detecting a kick early is important:
- Minimise kick volume
- Minimise pressures on the well
- Minimise the chances of losses.
AC-0082 Version 4.0 Page 14 of 36
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Shallow Gas
DR-SF-PNP-06.03.01

Define shallow gas as a potentially uncontrollable (by

Shallow Gas
conventional methods) flow of gas to surface.
DR-SF-PNP-06.03.02

Identify that shallow gas accumulation can:

The consequences of - Unload very rapidly
shallow gas kicks. - Have extremely high abrasive flow rates
- Have very high noise levels.
DR-SS-PNP-06.03.06

Outline the advantages of drilling top hole without a

Implications of drilling
riser:
top hole with or without a
- There is no gas directly to the rig.
riser.
- Can move rapidly off site.

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CIRCULATING SYSTEM
Definition and Principles
DR-SF-PNP-07.01.01

The circulating system. Describe the drilling fluid circulating system.

DR-SF-PNP-07.01.02

Describe the main uses of drilling fluid:

The role of drilling fluid in - Maintaining primary control
well control. - Carry and suspend drill cuttings
- Filter cake.
DR-SF-PNP-07.01.03

Pressure losses around a Identify the frictional pressure losses in a circulating

circulating system and system:
how they can affect - Pump pressure
pump pressure and the - Annular Pressure Losses (APL)
BHP. - Calculate the dynamic BHP.

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Lesson plan Course Materials
DR-SF-PNP-07.01.04

Explain the role of:

The various types of mud
- Shakers
cleaning equipment and
- Desanders/desilters
what they do.
- Centrifuges.
DR-SF-PNP-07.01.05

The use of barite. Explain the use of barite as a weighting agent.

DR-SF-PNP-07.01.06

Explain the effect on:

The effects of switching
- Flow
pumps on/off or changing
- Pit levels
pump speed.
- Pressures.

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DR-SF-PNP-07.01.08

The relationship between

Calculate how changes in pump speed can affect
pump pressure and
pressures.
pump speed.
DR-SF-PNP-07.01.09

The relationship between

Calculate how changes in drilling fluid density affect
pump pressure and
pressures
drilling fluid density.

Slow Circulation Rates (SCRs)

DR-SF-PNP-07.02.01

Why well control Explain why well control operations must be

operations must be performed slowly and in a controlled way:
performed slowly and in a - To control BHP
controlled way. - To control the choke.

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DR-SF-PNP-07.02.02 Lesson plan Course Materials

The process of taking

Describe why you should take SCRS and where they
Slow Circulation Rates
are measured.
(SCRs).
DR-SS-PNP-07.02.04

Identify how the system changes once the BOP is

The differences in the
closed:
circulating system when
- Choke line/kill line
using a subsea BOP.
- No riser circulation.

Fracture Pressure and MAASP

DR-SF-PNP-07.03.01

Describe what a Leak Off Test (LOT) is and what a

Methods used to
Formation Integrity Test (FIT) is.
determine fracture
pressure.
Explain the differences between a LOT and a FIT.

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DR-SF-PNP-07.03.02 Lesson plan Course Materials

The generation of the

Define the term ‘MAASP’ and explain how the results
MAASP value from LOT
from LOT and FIT affect the MAASP value.
or FIT.

INFLUX CHARACTERISTICS AND BEHAVIOUR

Principles
DR-SF-PNP-08.01.01

Describe the different types of influx fluids:

The different types of
- Gas
influx and the hazards
- Oil
they present.
- Water.
DR-SF-PNP-08.01.03

The importance and use Explain how gas behaves as it is circulated up the well
of the gas laws. (No calculations) using Boyle’s law (P1V1 = P2V2).

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DR-SF-PNP-08.01.04

Explain what can happen when an influx migrates:

Influx migration. - in an open well
- in a shut-in well.

SHUT-IN PROCEDURES
General Principles
DR-SF-PNP-09.01.01

Explain the hard shut-in procedure after a kick is

detected for:
A suitable shut-in
- Drilling
procedure if a primary
- Tripping.
barrier fails.
Explain the responsibility of the Driller and the crew.
DR-SF-PNP-09.01.02

From a given diagram, identify simple line-ups of

The correct equipment
standpipe and choke manifolds before:
line-up before drilling or
- Drilling
tripping.
- Tripping.

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DR-SF-PNP-09.01.04

Outline how to monitor the well after it is shut-in:

Monitoring the well after it
- Monitor the well for flow
is shut-in.
- Record well pressures at regular intervals.

Hang Off
DR-SS-PNP-09.03.01

When and how to hang-

off the string in a well Explain what it means to ‘hang-off’ a drill string.
control situation.

Interpretations
DR-SF-PNP-09.05.01

Recording shut-in well Explain why pressures are recorded after the well has
pressures. been shut-in to establish stabilised pressures.

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DR-SF-PNP-09.05.02

Explain SIDPP and SICP, and the reasons for the

differences between the pressures.
The possible differences
between Shut-in Drill Pipe
Calculate formation pressure using initial stabilised
Pressure (SIDPP) and
SIDPP.
Shut-in Casing Pressure
(SICP) gauge readings.
Calculate kill fluid density using SIDPP/formation
pressure.

Observations
DR-SF-PNP-09.06.03

The use of dedicated

Identify the specific gauges used to measure SIDPP
gauges for SIDPP and
and SICP.
SICP.

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WELL CONTROL METHODS

Principles
DR-SF-PNP-10.01.01

Explain the essential steps of killing a well:

Standard well control
methods.
DR-SF-PNP-10.01.02
- Removing the influx
- Regaining primary control
- Controlling the BHP to avoid another influx or
break down of the formation
- The method for rounding kill fluid weights.

The difference between

Outline the principles of controlling the well compared
controlling and killing a
to killing the well.
well.

Kill Sheets
DR-SF-PNP-10.02.01

Describe the purpose of a kill sheet and list the basic

A kill sheet.
elements.

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Calculations
DR-SF-PNP-10.05.01

Calculate:
- Pipe volumes and capacity
- Annular volumes and capacity
- Open hole volumes and capacity
Oilfield calculations.
- Displacement volumes and capacity
- Volume and length calculations when tripping
pipe
- Circulation strokes and times.

Driller’s Method and Wait and Weight Method

DR-SF-PNP-10.06.01

Outline the Driller’s Method:

The Driller’s Method of
- First circulation removes the influx
well kill operations.
- Second circulation displaces to kill fluid.
DR-SF-PNP-10.06.02

The Wait and Weight Outline the Wait and Weight Method:
Method of well kill Circulate out influx while displacing the well with kill
operations. fluid.

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this course the student will
gain an understanding of:
WELL CONTROL DURING CASING AND CEMENTING
Running and Pulling Casing and Liner
DR-SF-PNP-11.01.01
The factors that increase
risk of swabbing and
surging when tripping
large diameter tubulars
(reduced annular
clearance).
DR-SF-PNP-11.01.04
How returns are
monitored when tripping
large diameter tubulars
(reduced annular
clearance).
Cementing Casing and Liner
DR-SF-PNP-11.02.01
The changes to BHP
during a cementing
operation.
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Explain the factors that increase the chance of kicks
when running and pulling casing:
- Swab
- Surge.
Explain how to monitor returns when running and
pulling casing:
- Monitor the trip tank
- Monitor fill up
- Casing running sheet.
Describe the changes to BHP during a cementing
operation:
- Hydrostatic from the drilling fluid
- Weighted spacer (wash) so that the BHP is
maintained greater than formation pressure
- Cement slurry increases BHP.
AC-0082 Version 4.0 Page 26 of 36
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Explain how to confirm that the cement has been

successfully placed and the potential consequences of
DR-SF-PNP-11.02.02

failure:
The importance of a - Correct returns
successful cementing job - No back flow
and the risk of primary - Correct quantity and weight.
barrier failure.
Explain how you verify that the cement has set to form
a confirmed barrier:
- Pressure test.
DR-SF-PNP-11.02.04

Explain the actions to shut-in a well during a

The actions to take if a cementing operation:
well starts to flow during - Stop operations
a cementing operation. - Secure the string
- Shut-in the well.

Shut-in Procedures when Running Casing

DR-SF-PNP-11.03.01

Explain the actions to take to shut-in a well when

The steps to shut-in a running casing:
well when running - Stop operations
casing. - Secure the string
- Shut-in the well.

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Category
Learning objective. During
this course the student will
gain an understanding of:
WELL CONTROL MANAGEMENT
Well Control Drills
DR-SF-PNP-12.01.01
The concept and
implementation of well
control drills as specified
by API standards.
BLOWOUT PREVENTERS
BOP Stack Configuration
DR-SF-EQP-01.01.01
BOP function,
configuration and the
well control operations
that can be carried out.
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Lesson plan Course Materials
Explain the role of crew members during well control
drills.
WELL CONTROL EQUIPMENT
From a given diagram, identify the main features of a
BOP, and describe the role of:
- The annular preventer
- The pipe rams (fixed and variable bore)
- The blind/shear ram
- The choke and kill lines
- Manual and hydraulically operated side outlet
valves.
AC-0082 Version 4.0 Page 28 of 36
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DR-SF-EQP-01.01.02

The overall pressure

From given data, identify the rated working pressure
rating requirements of a
of a BOP stack.
BOP stack.

Describe the role of the main parts of the marine riser:

- Ball/flex joint
- Telescopic/slip joint
- Tension ring and tensioners
- Buoyancy
- Drill string compensator.
DR-SS-EQP-01.01.03

Describe the role of the main parts of the LMR):

The configuration of the
- Pods
Marine Riser, Lower
- Annular Preventer
Marine Riser Package
- Subsea accumulators.
(LMRP) and subsea
BOP.
Describe the role of the main parts of the subsea BOP
stack:
- Accumulators
- Annular preventer
- Pipe rams
- Blind/shear ram
- Fail safe valves
- Choke and kill lines.

July 2017 AC-0082 Version 4.0 Page 29 of 36

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Category
Learning objective. During
this course the student will
gain an understanding of:
Ram Type Preventers
DR-SF-EQP-01.02.01
The operating principles
of BOP ram type
equipment.
DR-SF-EQP-01.02.04
The function and
operating principles of
ram locks.
Blind/Shear Ram Preventers
DR-SF-EQP-01.03.01
The operating principles
of BOP blind/shear
equipment.
July 2017
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Centre cross identifier
Level 2
(IWCF USE)
Learning outcome. By the end of this course the student will
Checked?
be able to:
Lesson plan Course Materials
Describe the capabilities and limitations of what each
BOP ram type can do, including:
- Sealing direction
- Pipe sizes.
- Hang off the drill string.
Explain why ram locks are fitted to BOPs.
Explain why and when to use blind/shear rams:
- Cuts the pipe in the hole (inside the BOP)
- Closes and seals the well.
AC-0082 Version 4.0 Page 30 of 36
 Centre cross identifier

Category
Learning objective. During Level 2
(IWCF USE)
this course the student will Learning outcome. By the end of this course the student will
Checked?
gain an understanding of: be able to:
Lesson plan Course Materials

Annular Preventers
DR-SF-EQP-01.04.01

Explain how annular preventers work and what they

can and cannot do:
- Operating principle
The operating principles
- One size fits all
of annular preventers.
- Pressure limitations compared to rams
- Stripping
- Full closing.

Diverters
DR-SF-EQP-01.07.02

The principles of diverter

operations (reference Explain the purpose and function of diverters.
API RP 64).

July 2017 AC-0082 Version 4.0 Page 31 of 36

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 Centre cross identifier

Category
Learning objective. During Level 2
(IWCF USE)
this course the student will Learning outcome. By the end of this course the student will
Checked?
gain an understanding of: be able to:
Lesson plan Course Materials

ASSOCIATED WELL CONTROL EQUIPMENT

Inside BOPS (IBOPs) and Drill Pipe Safety Valves (DPSVs)
DR-SF-EQP-02.01.01

Explain the different types of safety valves available,

The different types of
what they do, and why the correct size of crossover
safety valves.
must be available on the drill floor.

July 2017 AC-0082 Version 4.0 Page 32 of 36

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 Centre cross identifier

Category
Learning objective. During Level 2
(IWCF USE)
this course the student will Learning outcome. By the end of this course the student will
Checked?
gain an understanding of: be able to:
Lesson plan Course Materials

CHOKE MANIFOLDS AND CHOKES

Manual and Remote Chokes
DR-SF-EQP-03.02.01

The operating principles

and limitations of
Describe what a choke does.
adjustable chokes
(reference API 53).

AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT
Mud Gas Separators (MGS)
DR-SF-EQP-04.01.01

The operating principles

and limitations of a Mud Outline the principles and limitations of the MGS.
Gas Separator (MGS).

July 2017 AC-0082 Version 4.0 Page 33 of 36

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 Centre cross identifier

Category
Learning objective. During Level 2
(IWCF USE)
this course the student will Learning outcome. By the end of this course the student will
Checked?
gain an understanding of: be able to:
Lesson plan Course Materials

Vacuum Degasser
DR-SF-EQP-04.02.01

The operating principles

Describe the role of vacuum degassers and when they
and the role of a vacuum
are used.
degasser.

TESTING
BOP and Equipment Testing
DR-SF-EQP-05.01.01

The importance of the

Explain the need for testing:
procedures for
- High pressure
maintaining and testing
- Low pressure
BOP stack and choke
- Function testing
and kill manifolds
- Direction
(reference API
- Frequency.
standards).

July 2017 AC-0082 Version 4.0 Page 34 of 36

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 Centre cross identifier

Category
Learning objective. During Level 2
(IWCF USE)
this course the student will Learning outcome. By the end of this course the student will
Checked?
gain an understanding of: be able to:
Lesson plan Course Materials

Inflow Testing
DR-SF-EQP-05.02.01

The principles of inflow

Explain the principles of an inflow test.
testing.

BOP CONTROL SYSTEMS

BOP Control Systems
DR-SF-EQP-06.01.01

The general operating Describe the operating principles of a BOP control

principles of the BOP system and its remote-control panels:
control system and the - Hydraulic control panel
remote-control panels. - Accumulator bottles.

July 2017 AC-0082 Version 4.0 Page 35 of 36

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 Centre cross identifier

Category
Learning objective. During Level 2
(IWCF USE)
this course the student will Learning outcome. By the end of this course the student will
Checked?
gain an understanding of: be able to:
Lesson plan Course Materials

Subsea BOP Control Systems

DR-SS-EQP-06.02.01

Describe the main components and operation of a

subsea BOP control system:
- Panels
The general operating
- Hydraulics
principles of subsea BOP
- Pilot lines
control systems.
- Accumulator bottles
- Pods
- Shuttle valve.

On behalf of the centre I accept that the above information cross referenced as evidence is true and accurate and I agree to be audited
against it.
I also accept that if the information is not true and accurate that the centre accreditation may be suspended by IWCF.

Assessment Centre Manager: Signature: Date:

IWCF Use Only

Evidence Reviewed by: Signature: Date:

Evidence Approved by: Signature: Date:

July 2017 AC-0082 Version 4.0 Page 36 of 36

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