Erik Erikson’s

STAGES
of
WHO IS
Erik Erikson
 • (1902–1994)
• Child psychoanalyst
• Focused his research on the effects
of society and culture on individual
psychological development
• Took Freud’s controversial theory of
psychosexual development and
modified it as a psychosocial theory

Erik Erikson
 • Emphasized that the ego makes
positive contributions to
development by mastering attitudes,
ideas, and skills at each stage of
development
• Developed his eight stages of
psychosocial development based on
Freud’s psychosexual theory

Erik Erikson
 • Unlike Freud, who focused on early
childhood, Erikson emphasized
adolescence and adulthood
• Introduced the term:
• Identity
• Identity Crisis

Erik Erikson
WHat IS
Psychosocial
Development
Psychosocial
means it relates
To one’s
Psychological Development
In, And Interaction
a
with
Social environment
 it involves
both
psychological social
aspect & aspect
In
Human development
Erik Erikson’s
STAGES
of
1 2 3 4
Identity

Role
Stagnation

5 6 8
confusion

7
can i
Trust the world
 trust
vs
mistrust
(INFANT – 18 MONTHS)
 What is Trust?
“It is an essential truthfulness of others as
well as a fundamental sense of one’s
own trustworthiness.” (Erikson, n.d.)

FIRST STAGE:

Infant’s basic needs being met by

parents/caregivers

trust mistrust

TRUST VS MISTRUST
What are the basic needs of an infant?

TRUST VS MISTRUST
 To come out of this stage in good
psychological health, a baby must
achieve a proper balance of trust (which
allows intimacy) over mistrust (which
permits self protection)

If caregivers are responsive… If caregivers are unresponsive…

TRUST MISTRUST
The baby will feel safe and secure in the The baby will view the world as
world. unfriendly. This can engender feelings of
anxiety, fear, and mistrust.

TRUST VS MISTRUST
 Erikson believed that successful
“No child is going to develop a sense of development was all about striking a
100 percent trust or 100 percent doubt.” balance between the two opposing
sides.

=
HOPE
openness to experience tempered by
some wariness that danger may be
present

Virtue Developed
TRUST VS MISTRUST
TRUST VS MISTRUST
Is it okay
to be me
autonomy
vs
Shame/doubt
(18 MONTHS – 3 YEARS)
It is at this point in development that
young children begin to express a
greater need for independence and
control over themselves and the world
around them.

AUTONOMY VS SHAME/DOUBT
Different tasks important in this stage?

AUTONOMY VS SHAME/DOUBT
Children who successfully complete this
stage feel secure and confident

Those who do not are left with a sense of

inadequacy and self-doubt

Kids who have confidence in their skills

The goal is to have a self control without are more likely to succeed in
losing the self esteem subsequent tasks such as mastering
social, academic, and other skills

AUTONOMY VS SHAME/DOUBT
If children in this stage are encouraged
and supported in their increased
independence, they become more
confident and secure in their own ability
to survive in the world.

=
WILL
Virtue Developed
AUTONOMY VS SHAME/DOUBT
AUTONOMY VS SHAME/DOUBT
Is it okay
For me
to do, move and act
initiative
vs
guilt
(3 – 5 YEARS)
 Initiative adds to autonomy the quality of
undertaking, planning and attacking a task
for the sake of just being active and on the
move.

During this stage, children assert themselves

more frequently.

These are particularly lively, rapid-

developing years in a child’s life.

INITIATIVE VS GUILT
During this period the primary feature
involves the child regularly interacting with
other children at school.

Central to this stage:

PLAY

provides children with the opportunity to

explore their interpersonal skills through
initiating activities.

INITIATIVE VS GUILT
What are the activities that they do?

INITIATIVE VS GUILT
A healthy balance between
initiative and guilt is
important.

=
PURPOSE

Virtue Developed
INITIATIVE VS GUILT
INITIATIVE VS GUILT
can i Make
it
In the world of
people and things
industry
vs
inferiority
(6 – 12 YEARS OLD)
 Friends and classmates play a role in how
children progress through this stage.

Through proficiency at play and schoolwork,

children are able to develop a sense of
competence and pride in their abilities.

By feeling competent and capable,

children are able to also form a strong
self-concept

INDUSTRY VS INFERIORITY
 Children begin to compare themselves with their
peers to see how they measure up.

The child now feels the need to win approval

by demonstrating specific competencies that
are valued by society and begin to develop a
sense of pride in their accomplishments.

Some failure may be necessary so

that the child can develop some
modesty.

INDUSTRY VS INFERIORITY
What are the activities that they learn do?

INDUSTRY VS INFERIORITY
 A balance between
competence and modesty is
necessary

=
COMPETENCY

Virtue Developed
INDUSTRY VS INFERIORITY
INDUSTRY VS INFERIORITY
who am
Can
i
what bei
 identity
vs
Role confusion
(12 -18 YEARS OLD)
The adolescent mind is essentially a mind or
moratorium, a psychosocial stage between
childhood and adulthood, and between the
morality learned by the child, and the ethics
to be developed by the adult (Erikson, 1963,
p. 245)
During adolescence, the transition from
childhood to adulthood is most important.
Children are becoming more independent,
and begin to look at the future in terms of
career, relationships, families, housing, etc.
The individual wants to belong to a society
and fit in.
 According to Erikson, the chief task of adolescence
is to resolve confusion.

During this stage, adolescents explore their

independence and develop a sense of self

Along the way, most adolescents try on many

different selves to see which ones fit; they explore
various roles and ideas, set goals, and attempt to
discover their “adult” selves.

IDENTITY VS ROLE CONFUSION

Erikson claims that the adolescent may feel
uncomfortable about their body for a while
until they can adapt and “grow into” the
changes
=
FIDELITY
Fidelity involves being able to commit
one's self to others on the basis of
accepting others, even when there may
be ideological differences.

Virtue Developed
IDENTITY VS ROLE CONFUSION
IDENTITY VS ROLE CONFUSION
can
love
i
intimacy
vs
isolation
(18 – 40 YEARS OLD)
After we have developed a sense
of self in adolescence, we are
ready to share our life with others.

Points out the struggle young adults

have as they try to develop
intimate, loving relationships.

We explore relationships leading

toward longer-term commitments
with someone other than a family
member.

INTIMACY VS ISOLATION
 SUCCESS
• Strong and deep romantic
relationship
• Close relationship with friends
and family

FAILURE
• Poor romantic relationships
• No deep intimacy
• Loneliness and isolation

INTIMACY VS ISOLATION
Avoiding intimacy, fearing commitment and
relationships can lead to isolation, loneliness,
and sometimes depression. Successful
completion of this stage can result in happy
relationships and a sense of commitment,
safety, and care within a relationship.

=
LOVE
Virtue Developed
INTIMACY VS ISOLATION
INTIMACY VS ISOLATION
can i Make
my life count
generativity
vs
stagnation
(40 – 65 YEARS OLD)
 It refers to "making your mark" on the world
Generativity by caring for others as well as creating and
accomplishing things that make the world
a better place.

It refers to the failure to find a way to

contribute. These individuals may feel
disconnected or uninvolved with their Stagnation
community and with society as a whole.

GENERATIVITY AND STAGNATION

Generativity involves finding your
life’s work and contributing to the
development of others through
activities such as volunteering,
mentoring, and raising children.

People experience a need to

create or nurture things that will
outlast them, often having mentees
or creating positive changes that
will benefit other people.

GENERATIVITY AND STAGNATION

 By failing to find a way to contribute, we
become stagnant and feel unproductive. These Success leads to feelings of usefulness and
individuals may feel disconnected or accomplishment, while failure results in shallow
uninvolved with their community and with involvement in the world.
society as a whole.

=
CARE
Virtue Developed
GENERATIVITY AND STAGNATION
GENERATIVITY AND STAGNATION
Is it okay
To have been me
integrity
vs
despair
(65 AND OLDER)
It is during this time that we contemplate
our accomplishments and can develop
integrity if we see ourselves as leading a
successful life.

Erikson said that people in late adulthood

reflect on their lives and feel either a sense
of satisfaction or a sense of failure.

The onset of this stage is often triggered by

life events such as retirement, the loss of a
spouse, the loss of friends and
acquaintances, facing a terminal illness,
and other changes to major roles in life.

INTEGRITY VS DESPAIR
 SUCCESS
• Development of ego integrity
• People are able to look back at their life with a
sense of contentment and face the end of life with a
sense of wisdom and no regrets.
*Erikson defined this wisdom as an "informed and detached
concern with life itself even in the face of death itself.“

FAILURE
• Feel that their life has been wasted and will
experience many regrets
• The individual will be left with feelings of
bitterness and despair.

INTEGRITY VS DESPAIR
Success and satisfaction on
this stage

=
WISDOM
Virtue Developed
INTEGRITY VS DESPAIR
INTEGRITY VS DESPAIR
6 – 12 years

13 -18 years

18 – 40 years
References:
https://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/1960/Erikson-Erik-1902-
1994.html?fbclid=IwAR2NKvXJmprJFqncSzjB6SMLoDqjlmETpmmikSVe40CK_U5rH_4_9
5sJK0k
https://www.slideshare.net/edzmhar0186/psychosocial-development-31667648
https://www.simplypsychology.org/Erik-
Erikson.html?fbclid=IwAR1ONfkESbf5UZN1iXBrVeTR0bl01WlU8OF9x6_H6x9uPupubtw2
XnvydN8
https://www.verywellmind.com/erik-eriksons-stages-of-psychosocial-
development-2795740
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/teachereducationx92x1/chapter/eriksons-
stages-of-psychosocial-
development/?fbclid=IwAR1_Av5Rszf3RXHs_lXNpL6OsXhAuC_XOi0sQNcsyI70KzavKr
iowSu5qL8