Univ of Michigan - Gross Anatomy - Muscles Tables PDF

8/14/2015 Univ of Michigan Gross Anatomy Muscles Tables
Medical Gross Anatomy
Anatomy Tables Muscles
Muscles of the Back Region Listed Alphabetically
Muscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation Artery Notes Image

erector spinae iliac crest, angles of the extends segmentally supplied the erector spinae m. is
sacrum, ribs, and innervated segmentally separated into 3
transverse transverse laterally by dorsal by: deep columns of muscle:
and spinous and spinous bends the primary cervical a., iliocostalis laterally,
processes of processes of trunk, neck rami of posterior longissimus in an
vertebrae vertebrae, and head spinal intercostal intermediate position
and posterior nerves C1 aa., and spinalis medially;
supraspinal aspect of the S5 subcostal each of these columns
ligament skull aa., lumbar has multiple named
aa. parts
iliocostalis iliac crest angles of the extends dorsal supplied the most lateral part of
and sacrum ribs and primary segmentally the erector spinae; it
laterally rami of by: deep may be subdivided into
bends the spinal cervical a., lumborum, thoracis and
trunk and nerves C4 posterior cervicis portions
neck S5 intercostal
aa.,
subcostal
aa., lumbar
aa.
interspinales upper border lower border extend dorsal supplied these are small and
of spinous of spinous trunk and primary segmentally fairly insignificant
process process neck rami of by: deep muscles
above spinal cervical a.,
nerves C1 posterior
L5 intercostal
aa.,
subcostal
aa., lumbar
aa.
intertransversarii upper border lower border laterally dorsal supplied these are small and
of of transverse bend trunk primary segmentally fairly insignificant
transverse process and neck rami of by: deep muscles
process above spinal cervical a.,
nerves C1 posterior
L5 intercostal
aa.,
subcostal
aa., lumbar
aa.
longissimus transverse transverse extends dorsal supplied the intermediate part of
process at process at and primary segmentally the erector spinae;it may
inferior superior laterally rami of by: deep be subdivided into
vertebral vertebral bends the spinal cervical a., thoracis, cervicis and
levels levels and trunk, neck nerves C1 posterior capitis portions
mastoid and head S1 intercostal
process aa.,
subcostal
aa., lumbar
http://www.med.umich.edu/lrc/coursepages/m1/anatomy2010/html/anatomytables/muscles_alpha.html 1/39
aa.
multifidus sacrum, spinous extend and dorsal supplied semispinalis, multifidus
transverse processes 2 laterally primary segmentally and rotatores make up
processes of 4 vertebral bend trunk rami of by: deep the transversospinal
C3L5 levels and neck, spinal cervical a., muscle group
superior to rotate to nerves C1 posterior
their origin opposite L5 intercostal
side aa.,
subcostal
aa., lumbar
aa.
obliquus capitis spinous transverse rotates the suboccipital occipital a. greater occipital nerve
inferior process of process of head to the nerve (DPR (DPR of C2) passes
the axis atlas same side of C1) superiorly around the
inferior margin of inferior
oblique
obliquus capitis transverse occipital bone extends suboccipital occipital a. the suboccipital triangle
superior process of above inferior the head, nerve (DPR is formed by obliquus
atlas nuchal line rotates the of C1) capitis superior and
head to the inferior and rectus
same side capitis posterior major
rectus capitis spinous inferior extends suboccipital occipital a. none
posterior major process of nuchal line the head, nerve (DPR
axis rotate to of C1)
same side
rectus capitis posterior inferior extends suboccipital occipital a. rectus capitis posterior
posterior minor tubercle of nuchal line the head nerve (DPR minor is deeper and
atlas medially of C1) inserts more medial than
rectus capitis posterior
major
rotatores transverse long rotates the dorsal supplied semispinalis, multifidus
processes rotatores: vertebral primary segmentally and rotatores make up
spines 2 column to rami of by: deep the transversospinal
vertebrae the spinal cervical a., muscle group
above origin; opposite nerves C1 posterior
short side L5 intercostal
rotatores: aa.,
spines 1 subcostal
vertebrae aa., lumbar
above origin aa.
semispinalis transverse capitis: back extends dorsal supplied three parts are named
processes of of skull the trunk primary segmentally based on their
C7T12 between and rami of by: deep insertions: capitis,
nuchal lines; laterally spinal cervical a., cervicis and thoracis;
cervicis & bends the nerves C1 posterior semispinalis, multifidus
thoracis: trunk, T12 intercostal and rotatores make up
spines 46 rotates the aa., the transversospinal
vertebrae trunk to the subcostal muscle group
above origin opposite aa., lumbar
side aa.
spinalis spinous spinous extends dorsal supplied most medial part of the
processes at processes at and primary segmentally erector spinae; may be
inferior superior laterally rami of by: deep subdivided into thoracis,
vertebral vertebral bends spinal cervical a., cervicis and capitis
levels levels and trunk and nerves C2 posterior portions
base of the neck L3 intercostal
skull aa.,
subcostal
aa., lumbar
aa.
splenius ligamentum capitis: extends dorsal supplied splenius means
nuchae and mastoid and primary segmentally bandage; it gets its
spines C7 process & laterally rami of by: deep name from its broad, flat
T6 superior bends spinal cervical a., shape
nuchal line neck and nerves C2 posterior
laterally; head; C6 intercostal
cervicis: rotates aa.
posterior head to
tubercles of same side
C1C3
vertebrae
splenius capitis ligamentum mastoid extends dorsal supplied named for its shape:
nuchae and process and and primary segmentally splenius means
spines of lateral end of laterally rami of by: deep bandage and capitis
C7T6 the superior bends the spinal cervical a., refers to the insertion of
vertebrae nuchal line neck and nerves C2 posterior this portion of the
head, C6 intercostal muscle
rotates aa.
head to the
same side
splenius cervicis ligamentum posterior extends dorsal supplied named for its shape:
nuchae and tubercles of and primary segmentally splenius means
spines of the laterally rami of by: deep bandage and cervicis
C7T6 transverse bends spinal cervical a., refers to the insertion of
vertebrae processes of neck and nerves C2 posterior this portion of the
C1C3 head, C6 intercostal muscle
vertebrae rotates aa.
head to the
same side
Muscles of the Upper Limb Listed Alphabetically
Muscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation Artery Notes

abductor digiti pisiform base of the abducts the 5th digit deep branch of the ulnar a. abductor digiti
minimi (hand) proximal ulnar nerve minimi, flexor digit
phalanx of the minimi brevis, and
5th digit on its opponens digiti
ulnar side minimi are located
in the hypothenar
compartment of
the hand
abductor pollicis flexor base of the abducts thumb recurrent branch superficial abductor pollicis
brevis retinaculum, proximal of median nerve palmar br. of brevis, flexor
scaphoid, phalanx of the the radial a. pollicis brevis, and
trapezium first digit opponens pollicis
are located in the
thenar
compartment of
the hand (Latin,
pollicis = the
thumb)
abductor pollicis middle one radial side of abducts the thumb at radial nerve, deep posterior the tendons of
longus third of the the base of carpometacarpal joint branch interosseous a. abductor pollicis
posterior the first longus and
surface of the metacarpal extensor pollicis
radius, brevis make the
interosseous lateral border of
membrane, the anatomical
midportion of snuffbox (Latin,
posterolateral pollicis = the
ulna thumb)
adductor pollicis oblique head: base of the adducts the thumb ulnar nerve, deep deep palmar deep palmar arch
capitate and proximal branch arterial arch and deep ulnar
base of the phalanx of the nerve pass
2nd and 3rd thumb between the two
metacarpals; heads of adductor
transverse pollicis, which is in
head: shaft of the adductor
the 3rd interosseous
metacarpal compartment
(Latin, pollicis =
the thumb)
anconeus lateral lateral side of extends the forearm nerve to interosseous (Greek, anconeus
epicondyle of the olecranon anconeus, from recurrent a. = elbow)
the humerus and the upper the radial nerve
onefourth of
the ulna
biceps brachii short head: tip tuberosity of flexes the forearm, musculocutaneous brachial a. a powerful
of the coracoid the radius flexes arm (long nerve (C5,6) supinator only if
process of the head), supinates the elbow is flexed
scapula; long
head:
supraglenoid
tubercle of the
scapula
brachialis anterior coronoid flexes the forearm musculocutaneous brachial a., a powerful flexor
surface of the process of the nerve (C5,6) radial recurrent
lower onehalf ulna a.
of the humerus
and the
associated
intermuscular
septa
brachioradialis upper two lateral side of flexes the elbow, radial nerve radial recurrent although
thirds of the the base of assists in pronation & a. brachioradialis is
lateral the styloid supination innervated by the
supracondylar process of the nerve for
ridge of the radius extensors (radial),
humerus its primary action
is elbow flexion;
the neutral
position of this
muscle is half way
between
supination and
pronation (elbow
flexed, thumb up)
coracobrachialis coracoid medial side of flexes and adducts musculocutaneous brachial a. the
process of the the humerus the arm nerve (C5,6) musculocutaneous
scapula at midshaft nerve passes
through the
coracobrachialis
muscle to reach
the other arm
flexor mm.(biceps
brachii and
brachialis)
deltoid lateral one deltoid abducts arm; anterior axillary nerve posterior the deltoid muscle
third of the tuberosity of fibers flex & medially (C5,6) from the circumflex is the principle
clavicle, the humerus rotate the arm; posterior cord of humeral a. abductor of the
acromion, the posterior fibers extend the brachial plexus arm but due to
lower lip of the & laterally rotate the poor mechanical
crest of the arm advantage it
spine of the cannot initiate this
scapula action; it is
assisted by the
supraspinatus m.
dorsal four muscles, base of the flex the ulnar nerve, deep dorsal and bipennate
interosseous each arising proximal metacarpophalangeal branch palmar muscles;
(hand) from two phalanx and joint, extend the metacarpal aa. remember DAB &
adjacent the extensor proximal and distal PAD Dorsal
metacarpal expansion on interphalangeal joints interosseous mm.
shafts lateral side of of digits 24, abduct ABduct and
the 2nd digit, digits 24 (abduction Palmar
lateral & of digits in the hand is interosseous mm.
medial sides defined as movement ADduct then you
of the 3rd away from the midline can figure out
digit, and of the 3rd digit) where they must
medial side of insert to cause
the 4th digit these actions
(Latin, inter =
between + os =
bone)
extensor carpi common dorsum of the extends the wrist; deep radial nerve radial a. works with the
radialis brevis extensor third abducts the hand extensor carpi
tendon (lateral metacarpal radialis longus and
epicondyle of bone (base) flexor carpi radialis
humerus) in abduction of the
hand (Greek,
carpi= the wrist)
extensor carpi lower onethird dorsum of the extends the wrist; radial nerve radial a. works with the
radialis longus of the lateral second abducts the hand extensor carpi
supracondylar metacarpal radialis brevis and
ridge of the bone (base) flexor carpi radialis
humerus in abduction of the
hand (Greek,
carpi= the wrist)
extensor carpi common medial side of extends the wrist; deep radial nerve ulnar a. works with the
ulnaris extensor the base of adducts the hand flexor carpi ulnaris
tendon & the the 5th in adduction of the
middle one metacarpal hand (Greek,
half of the carpi= the wrist)
posterior
border of the
ulna
extensor digiti common joins the extends the deep radial nerve interosseous extensor digiti
minimi extensor extensor metacarpophalangeal, recurrent a. minimi appears to
tendon (lateral digitorum proximal be the ulnarmost
epicondyle of tendon to the interphalangeal and portion of extenso
the humerus) 5th digit and distal interphalangeal digitorum
inserts into joints of the 5th digit
the extensor
expansion
extensor common extensor extends the deep radial nerve interosseous the extensor

digitorum extensor expansion of metacarpophalangeal, recurrent a. and expansion inserts
tendon (lateral digits 25 proximal posterior via a central band
epicondyle of interphalangeal and interosseous a. on the base of the
the humerus) distal interphalangeal middle phalanx,
joints of the 2nd5th while lateral &
digits; extends wrist medial slips insert
on the distal
phalanx
extensor indicis interosseous its tendon extends the index deep radial nerve posterior extensor indicis is

membrane and joins the finger at the interosseous a a deep forearm
the tendon of the metacarpophalangeal, extensor, whereas
posterolateral extensor proximal extensor digiti
surface of the digitorum to interphalangeal and minimi is in the
distal ulna the second distal interphalangeal superficial layer of
digit; both joints extensors
tendons insert
into the
extensor
expansion
extensor pollicis interosseous base of the extends the thumb at deep radial nerve posterior the tendons of
brevis membrane and proximal the interosseous a extensor pollicis
the posterior phalanx of the metacarpophalangeal brevis and
surface of the thumb joint abductor pollicis
distal radius longus make the
lateral border of
the anatomical
snuffbox, in which
the radial arterial
pulse can be felt
(Latin, pollicis =
the thumb)
extensor pollicis interosseous base of the extends the thumb at deep radial nerve posterior the tendon of
longus membrane and distal phalanx the interphalangeal interosseous a extensor pollicis
middle part of of the thumb joint longus hooks
the around the dorsal
posterolateral radial tubercle; it
surface of the forms the medial
ulna border of the
anatomical
snuffbox, in which
the radial arterial
pulse can be felt
(Latin, pollicis =
the thumb)
flexor carpi common flexor base of the flexes the wrist, median nerve ulnar a. works with the
radialis tendon from second and abducts the hand extensor carpi
the medial third radialis longus and
epicondyle of metacarpals brevis mm. to
the humerus abduct hand
(Greek, carpi = the
wrist)
flexor carpi common flexor pisiform, hook flexes wrist, adducts ulnar nerve ulnar a. the ulnar nerve
ulnaris tendon & of hamate, hand passes between
(ulnar head) and base of the two heads of
from medial 5th origin of the flexor
border of metacarpal carpi ulnaris m.
olecranon & (Greek, carpi = the
upper 2/3 of wrist)
the posterior
border of the
ulna
flexor digiti hook of proximal flexes the ulnar nerve, deep ulnar a. flexor digiti minimi

minimi brevis hamate & the phalanx of the carpometacarpal and branch brevis, abductor
(hand) flexor 5th digit metacarpophalangeal digiti minimi, and
retinaculum joints of the 5th digit opponens digiti
minimi are in the
hypothenar
compartment of
the hand
flexor digitorum posterior base of the flexes the median nerve ulnar a., ulnar nerve
profundus border of the distal phalanx metacarpophalangeal, (radial onehalf); anterior innervates the
ulna, proximal of digits 25 proximal ulnar nerve (ulnar interosseous a. portion of
twothirds of interphalangeal and onehalf) profundus that
medial border distal interphalangeal acts on digits 4 &
of ulna, joints 5 (the ulnar 2
interosseous digits)
membrane
flexor digitorum humeroulnar shafts of the flexes the median nerve ulnar a. median nerve
superficialis head: common middle metacarpophalangeal travels distally in
flexor tendon; phalanges of and proximal the forearm on the
radial head: digits 25 interphalangeal joints deep surface of
middle 1/3 of the flexor
radius digitorum
superficialis m.
flexor pollicis flexor proximal flexes the recurrent branch superficial flexor pollicis
brevis retinaculum, phalanx of the carpometacarpal and of the median palmar br. of brevis, abductor
trapezium 1st digit metacarpophalangeal nerve the radial a. pollicis brevis, and
joints of the thumb opponens pollicis
are the three
muscles of the
thenar
compartment of
the hand (Latin,
pollicis = the
thumb)
flexor pollicis anterior base of the flexes the median nerve anterior the tendon of
longus surface of distal phalanx metacarpophalangeal interosseous a. flexor pollicis
radius and of the thumb and interphalangeal longus passes
interosseous joints of the thumb through the carpal
membrane tunnel with the
other long digital
flexor tendons and
the median nerve
(Latin, pollicis =
the thumb)
infraspinatus infraspinatous greater laterally rotates the suprascapular suprascapular infraspinatus,
fossa tubercle of the arm nerve a. supraspinatus,
humerus teres minor and
(middle facet) subscapularis are
the rotator cuff
muscles
interosseous, four muscles, base of the flex the ulnar nerve, deep dorsal and bipennate
dorsal (hand) each arising proximal metacarpophalangeal branch palmar muscles;
from two phalanx and joint, extend the metacarpal aa. remember DAB &
adjacent the extensor proximal and distal PAD Dorsal
metacarpal expansion on interphalangeal joints interosseous mm.
shafts lateral side of of digits 24, abduct ABduct and
the 2nd digit, digits 24 (abduction Palmar
lateral & of digits in the hand is interosseous mm.
medial sides defined as movement ADduct then you
of the 3rd away from the midline can figure out
digit, and of the 3rd digit) where they must
medial side of insert to cause
the 4th digit these actions
(Latin, inter =
between + os =
bone)
interosseous, four muscles, base of the flexes the ulnar nerve, deep palmar unipennate
palmar arising from proximal metacarpophalangeal, branch metacarpal aa. muscles;
the palmar phalanx and extends proximal and remember PAD &
surface of the extensor distal interphalangeal DAB: Palmar
shafts of expansion of joints and adducts interossei ADduct
metacarpals 1, the medial digits 1, 2, 4, & 5 and Dorsal
2, 4, & 5 (the side of digits 1 (adduction of the interossei ABduct,
1st palmar & 2, and digits of the hand is in and you will be
interosseous is lateral side of reference to the able to figure out
often fused digits 4 & 5 midline of the 3rd where they must
with the digit) insert (Latin, inter
adductor = between + os =
pollicis m.) bone)
latissimus dorsi vertebral floor of the extends the arm and thoracodorsal thoracodorsal the inserting
spines from T7 intertubercular rotates the arm nerve (C7,8) from a. tendon twists so
to the sacrum, groove medially the posterior cord that fibers
posterior third of the brachial originating highest
of the iliac plexus insert lowest
crest, lower 3 (Latin, latissimus =
or 4 ribs, broadest)
sometimes
from the
inferior angle
of the scapula
levator transverse medial border elevates the scapula dorsal scapular dorsal scapular levator scapulae is
scapulae processes of of the scapula nerve (C5); the a. named for its
C1C4 from the upper part of the action (Latin,
vertebrae superior angle muscle receives levator = to lift)
to the spine branches of C3 &
C4
lumbrical (hand) flexor extensor flex the median nerve superficial lumbricals, arise
digitorum expansion on metacarpophalangeal (radial 2) via palmar arterial from the
profundus the radial side joints, extend the palmar digital arch profundus tendons
tendons of of the proximal and distal nerves & ulnar and have the
digits 25 proximal interphalangeal joints nerve (ulnar 2) via same pattern of
phalanx of of digits 25 deep branch innervation as
digits 25 does the
profundus muscle
(ulnar and median
nn. split the task
equally) (Latin,
lumbricus =
earthworm)
opponens digiti hook of shaft of 5th opposes the 5th digit ulnar nerve, deep ulnar a. opposition is a
minimi hamate and metacarpal branch rotational
flexor movement of the
retinaculum 5th metacarpal
around the long
axis of its shaft;
opponens digiti
minimi, abductor
digiti minimi, and
flexor digiti minimi
brevis are in the
hypothenar
compartment of
the hand
opponens flexor shaft of 1st opposes the thumb recurrent branch superficial opposition is a
pollicis retinaculum, metacarpal of median nerve palmar branch rotational
trapezium of the radial a. movement of the
1st metacarpal
around the long
axis of its shaft;
opponens pollicis,
abductor pollicis
brevis, and flexor
pollicis brevis are
in the thenar
compartment of
the hand (Latin,
pollicis = the
thumb)
palmar four muscles, base of the flexes the ulnar nerve, deep palmar unipennate
interosseous arising from proximal metacarpophalangeal, branch metacarpal aa. muscles;
the palmar phalanx and extends proximal and remember PAD &
surface of the extensor distal interphalangeal DAB: Palmar
shafts of expansion of joints and adducts interossei ADduct
metacarpals 1, the medial digits 1, 2, 4, & 5 and Dorsal
2, 4, & 5 (the side of digits 1 (adduction of the interossei ABduct,
1st palmar & 2, and digits of the hand is in and you will be
interosseous is lateral side of reference to the able to figure out
often fused digits 4 & 5 midline of the 3rd where they must
with the digit) insert (Latin, inter
adductor = between + os =
pollicis m.) bone)
palmaris brevis fascia skin of the draws the skin of the superficial br. of ulnar a. palmaris brevis
overlying the palm near the ulnar side of the hand the ulnar n. improves the
hypothenar ulnar border toward the center of grasp
eminence of the hand the palm
palmaris longus common flexor palmar flexes the wrist median nerve ulnar a. palmaris longus is

tendon, from aponeurosis absent in about
the medial 13% of forearms;
epicondyle of it may be present
the humerus on one side only
pectoralis major medial 1/2 of crest of the flexes and adducts medial and lateral pectoral branch the deep fascia on
the clavicle, greater the arm, medially pectoral nerves of the its anterior surface
manubrium & tubercle of the rotates the arm (C5T1) thoracoacromial should not be
body of humerus trunk fused to the fascia
sternum, costal of the mammary
cartilages of gland if it is, this
ribs 26, is an important
sometimes clinical sign
from the rectus indicating breast
sheath of the disease
upper
abdominal wall
pectoralis minor ribs 35 coracoid draws the scapula medial pectoral pectoral branch branches of

process of the forward, medialward, nerve (C8, T1) of the medial pectoral
scapula and downward thoracoacromial nerve usually
trunk pierce pectoralis
minor to reach
pectoralis major
muscle
pronator medial side of anterior pronates the forearm median nerve via anterior pronator
quadratus the anterior surface of the the anterior interosseous a. quadratus is the
surface of the distal one interosseous deepest muscle in
distal one fourth of the nerve the distal forearm;
fourth of the radius it works with
ulna pronator teres and
has the same
nerve supply
pronator teres common flexor midpoint of pronates the forearm median nerve ulnar a., median nerve
tendon and the lateral anterior ulnar passes between
(deep or ulnar side of the recurrent a. the two heads of
head) from shaft of the origin of pronator
medial side of radius teres
coronoid
process of the
ulna
rhomboideus spines of medial border retracts, elevates and dorsal scapular dorsal scapular named for its
major vertebrae T2 of the scapula rotates the scapula nerve (C5) a. shape
T5 inferior to the inferiorly
spine of the
scapula
rhomboideus inferior end of medial border retracts, elevates and dorsal scapular dorsal scapular named for its
minor the of the scapula rotates the scapula nerve (C5) a shape
ligamentum at the root of inferiorly
nuchae, spines the spine of
of vertebrae the scapula
C7 and T1
serratus ribs 18 or 9 medial border it draws the scapula long thoracic lateral thoracic a lesion of long
anterior of the scapula forward; the inferior nerve (from a. thoracic nerve will
on its costal fibers rotate the ventral rami C5 cause winging of
(deep) scapula superiorly C7) the scapula (i.e.,
surface the medial border
of the scapula falls
away from the
posterior chest
wall and looks like
an angel's wing)
(Latin, serratus =
to saw)
serratus thoracolumbar ribs 912, pulls down lower ribs branches of the lowest posterior a respiratory
posterior inferior fascia, spines lateral to the ventral primary intercostal a., muscle, it receives
of vertebrae angles rami of spinal subcostal a., ventral ramus
T11T12 and nerves T9T12 first two lumbar innervation;
L1L2 aa. embryonically
related to the
intercostal
muscles, not the
deep back mm.
(Latin, serratus =
to saw)
serratus ligamentum ribs 14, elevates the upper branches of the posterior a respiratory
posterior nuchae, spines lateral to the ribs ventral primary intercostal aa. muscle, it receives
superior of vertebrae angles rami of spinal 14 ventral ramus
C7 and T1T3 nerves T1T4 innervation;
embryonically
related to the
intercostal
muscles, not the
deep back mm.
(Latin, serratus =
to saw)
subclavius first rib and its inferior draws the clavicle nerve to clavicular br. of it serves an
cartilage surface of the (and hence the subclavius (C5) the important
clavicle shoulder) down and thoracoacromial protective function
forward trunk it cushions the
subclavian vessels
from bone
fragments in
clavicular fractures
subscapularis medial two lesser medially rotates the upper and lower subscapular a. subscapularis,
thirds of the tubercle of the arm; assists extention subscapular supraspinatus,
costal surface humerus of the arm nerves (C5,6) infraspinatus, and
of the scapula teres minor are
(subscapular the rotator cuff
fossa) muscles
supinator lateral lateral side of supinates the forearm deep radial nerve recurrent deep radial nerve
epicondyle of proximal one interosseous a. passes through
the humerus, third of the the supinator to
supinator crest radius reach the posterio
& fossa of the compartment
ulna, radial the forearm
collateral
ligament,
annular
ligament
supraspinatus supraspinatous greater abducts the arm suprascapular suprascapular supraspinatus
fossa tubercle of the (initiates abduction) nerve (C5,6) from a. initiates abduction
humerus the superior trunk of the arm, then
(highest facet) of the brachial the deltoid muscle
plexus completes the
action; a member
of the rotator cuff
group
teres major dorsal surface crest of the adducts the arm, lower subscapular circumflex teres major inserts
of the inferior lesser medially rotates the nerve (C5,6) from scapular a. beside the tendon
angle of the tubercle of the arm, assists in arm the posterior cord of latissimus dorsi
scapula humerus extension of the brachial and assists
plexus latissimus in its
actions
teres minor upper 2/3 of greater laterally rotates the axillary nerve circumflex fixes the head of
the lateral tubercle of the arm (C5,6) from the scapular a. the humerus in the
border of the humerus posterior cord of glenoid fossa
scapula (lowest facet) the brachial plexus during abduction &
flexion of the arm;
a member of the
rotator cuff group
trapezius medial third of lateral third of elevates and motor: spinal transverse named for its
the superior the clavicle, depresses the accessory (XI), cervical a. shape; trapezius is
nuchal line, medial side of scapula (depending proprioception: an example of a
external the acromion on which part of the C3C4 muscle that
occipital and the upper muscle contracts); migrates during
protuberance, crest of the rotates the scapula development from
ligamentum scapular superiorly; retracts its level of origin
nuchae, spine, scapula (cervical) to its
spinous tubercle of the final position,
processes of scapular pulling its nerve
vertebrae C7 spine and artery along
T12 behind
triceps brachii long head: olecranon extends the forearm; radial nerve deep brachial long head of the
infraglenoid process of the the long head extends (profunda triceps separates
tubercle of the ulna and adducts arm brachii) a. the triangular and
scapula; lateral quadrangular
head: spaces (teres
posterolateral major, teres minor
humerus & and the humerus
lateral are the other
intermuscular boundaries); all
septum; medial three heads of
head: origin insert by a
posteromedial common tendon
surface of the
inferior 1/2 of
the humerus
Muscles of the Head and Neck Listed Alphabetically
Muscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation Artery

anterior scalene anterior tubercles scalene tubercle of elevates the first rib; brachial plexus, ascending cervical
of the transverse the first rib flexes and laterally C5C7 a., a branch of the
processes of bends the neck thyrocervical trunk
vertebrae C3C6
aryepiglottic apex (superior epiglottis draws the epiglottis inferior laryngeal laryngeal br. of the

part) of the posteriorly and nerve, from superior thyroid a.
arytenoid cartilage downward during recurrent
swallowing laryngeal nerve,
a branch of the of
vagus (X)
arytenoid, oblique muscular process posterior surface of draws arytenoid inferior laryngeal laryngeal br. of the
of the arytenoid the contralateral cartilages together, nerve, from superior thyroid a.
cartilage arytenoid cartilage, adducting the vocal recurrent
near its apex folds laryngeal nerve,
a branch of the of
vagus (X)
arytenoid, posterior surface posterior surface of draws arytenoid inferior laryngeal laryngeal br. of the

transverse of the arytenoid the contralateral cartilages together, nerve, from superior thyroid a.
cartilage arytenoid cartilage adducting the vocal recurrent
folds laryngeal nerve,
a branch of the
vagus nerve (X)
auricular anterior: galea auricle anteriorly, wiggle the ears anterior & superficial temporal

aponeurotica superiorly and superior: a., posterior
anterior to ear; posteriorly temporal auricular a.
superior: galea branches of facial
aponeurotica nerve (VII);
superior to ear; posterior:
posterior: mastoid posterior
process auricular branch
of facial nerve
(VII)
buccinator pterygomandibular angle of mouth and pulls the corner of buccal branches facial a.
raphe, mandible, the lateral portion mouth laterally; of the facial
and the maxilla of the upper and presses the cheek nerve (VII)
lateral to the molar lower lips against the teeth
teeth
chondroglossus medial side of the ascends to blend pulls the sides of hypoglossal lingual a.

lesser horn and with the intrinsic the tongue down nerve (XII)
body of the hyoid tongue
bone musculature
ciliary meridional fibers: meridional fibers: relaxes the parasympathetic ophthalmic a.
scleral spur; ciliary process; suspensory fibers in the
circular fibers: circular fibers: ligament of the lens oculomotor nerve
encircle the ciliary encircle the ciliary (III), synapsing in
process process the ciliary
ganglion
constrictor, inferior oblique line of the midline pharyngeal constricts vagus (X), via the ascending
pharyngeal thyroid cartilage, raphe pharyngeal cavity pharyngeal pharyngeal a.,
lateral surface of plexus, with aid superior thyroid a.,
cricoid cartilage from the superior inferior thyroid a.
laryngeal and
recurrent
laryngeal nerves
constrictor, middle lesser and greater midline pharyngeal constricts the vagus (X), via the ascending
pharyngeal horns of the hyoid raphe pharyngeal cavity pharyngeal pharyngeal a.
bone and the plexus
inferior part of the
stylohyoid
ligament
constrictor, superior medial pterygoid pharyngeal constricts the vagus (X), via the ascending

pharyngeal plate, pterygoid tubercle and pharyngeal cavity pharyngeal pharyngeal a.
hamulus, midline pharyngeal plexus
pterygomandibular raphe
raphe, mylohyoid
line of mandible
corrugator medial part of the skin of the medial pulls eyebrows temporal branch supratrochlear a.
supercillary arch half of the eyebrow together medially of the facial
nerve (VII)
cricoarytenoid, arch of the cricoid muscular process draws the muscular inferior laryngeal superior laryngeal

lateral cartilage of the arytenoid process of the nerve, from the a., cricothyroid
cartilage arytenoid cartilage recurrent branch of the
anteriorly, which laryngeal nerve, superior thyroid a.
pivots the arytenoid a branch of the
cartilage and vagus nerve (X)
adducts the vocal
folds
cricoarytenoid, posterior surface muscular process draws the muscular inferior laryngeal superior laryngeal

posterior of the lamina of of the arytenoid process posteriorly, nerve, from the a., cricothyroid
the cricoid cartilage which pivots the recurrent branch of the
cartilage arytenoid cartilage laryngeal nerve, superior thyroid a.
and abducts the a branch of the
vocal folds vagus nerve (X)
cricopharyngeus lateral surface of midline pharyngeal constricts the recurrent cricothyroid branch

the cricoid raphe pharyngeal cavity laryngeal nerve, of the superior
cartilage and the entrance to a branch of the thyroid a.,
the esophagus vagus nerve (X) ascending
pharyngeal a.
cricothyroid arch of the cricoid inferior border of draws the thyroid external branch cricothyroid branch

cartilage the thyroid cartilage forward, of superior of the superior
cartilage lengthening the laryngeal nerve, thyroid a.
vocal ligaments a branch of the
vagus nerve (X)
depressor anguli oblique line of the angle of the mouth pulls the corner of marginal inferior labial

oris mandible the mouth mandibular & branch of the facial
downward buccal branches a., mental a.
of the facial
nerve (VII)
depressor labii anterior surface of skin of the lower lip depresses the lower marginal inferior labial
inferioris the mandible lip mandibular branch of the facial
branch of the a., mental a.
facial nerve (VII)
depressor septi maxilla near the nasal septum depresses the nasal buccal branch of superior labial
midline above the septum; involved in facial nerve (VII) branch of the facial
incisor teeth flaring the nostrils a.
digastric anterior belly: body of the hyoid elevates the hyoid anterior belly: anterior belly:
digastric fossa of via a fibrous loop bone; depresses mylohyoid nerve, submental a.;
the mandible; over an the mandible from the posterior belly:
posterior belly: intermediate mandibular occipital a.
mastoid notch of tendon division of the
the temporal bone trigeminal nerve
(V); posterior
belly: facial nerve
(VII)
dilator pupillae outer margin of iris inner margin of iris dilates the pupil sympathetic ophthalmic a.
fibers via short
ciliary nerves,
synapsing in
superior cervical
sympathetic
ganglion
epicranius frontalis: galea frontalis: skin of the elevates the frontalis:
aponeurotica; eyebrows; eyebrows and temporal frontalis:
occipitalis: occipitalis: galea wrinkles the branches of the supraorbital and
superior nuchal aponeurotica forehead facial nerve (VII); supratrochlear aa.;
line occipitalis: occipitalis: occipital
posterior a.
auricular branch
of the facial
nerve (VII)
frontalis galea skin of the eyebrow elevates the temporal supraorbital and
aponeurotica eyebrows and branches of the supratrochlear aa.
wrinkles the facial nerve (VII)
forehead
genioglossus mental spine on fans out to insert protrudes the hypoglossal lingual a.
the inner aspect of into the tongue tongue (inferior nerve (XII)
the mental from the tip to the fibers); depresses
symphysis base tongue (middle
fibers)
geniohyoid mental spines of body of the hyoid elevates the hyoid ventral primary lingual a.,

the mandible bone bone; depresses ramus of spinal submental a.
the mandible nerve C1 via
fibers carried by
the hypoglossal
nerve
hyoglossus upper border of spreads out into depresses the sides hypoglossal lingual a.

the greater horn of the intrinsic of the tongue; nerve (XII)
the hyoid and muscles of the retracts the tongue
body of the hyoid tongue
bone
inferior oblique floor of the orbit sclera on the elevates and oculomotor nerve ophthalmic a.
lateral to the inferior surface of abducts the corneal (III), inferior
lacrimal groove the eyeball part of the eye; division
rotates the superior
pole of the iris
laterally; when the
eye is adducted,
this muscle elevates
the cornea
inferior pharyngeal oblique line of the midline pharyngeal constricts vagus (X), via the ascending
constrictor thyroid cartilage, raphe pharyngeal cavity pharyngeal pharyngeal a.,
lateral surface of plexus, with aid superior thyroid a.,
cricoid cartilage from the superior inferior thyroid a.
laryngeal and
recurrent
laryngeal nerves
inferior rectus common sclera on the depresses and oculomotor nerve ophthalmic a.
tendinous ring at inferior surface of adducts the corneal (III), inferior
the apex of the the eyeball part of the eyeball; division
orbit rotates the superior
pole of the iris
laterally
lateral arch of the cricoid muscular process draws the muscular inferior laryngeal superior laryngeal
cricoarytenoid cartilage of the arytenoid process of the nerve, from the a., cricothyroid
cartilage arytenoid cartilage recurrent branch of the
anteriorly, which laryngeal nerve, superior thyroid a.
pivots the arytenoid a branch of the
cartilage and vagus nerve (X)
adducts the vocal
folds
lateral pterygoid superior head: superior head: protracts the lateral pterygoid pterygoid branch of

greater wing of the capsule and & mandible; opens the branch of the the maxillary a.
sphenoid bone; articular disk of the mouth; active in mandibular
inferior head: temporomandibular grinding actions of division of the
lateral surface of joint; inferior head: chewing trigeminal nerve
the lateral neck of the (V)
pterygoid plate mandible
lateral rectus common sclera on the abducts the corneal abducens nerve ophthalmic a.

tendinous ring at lateral surface of part of the eyeball (VI)
the apex of the the eyeball
orbit
levator anguli oris canine fossa of angle (corner) of elevates the angle buccal branch of infraorbital a.,
the maxilla the mouth of the mouth the facial nerve superior labial
(VII) branch of the facial
a.
levator labii inferior margin of skin of the upper elevates the upper buccal branch of infraorbital a.,
superioris the orbit lip lip the facial nerve superior labial
(VII) branch of the facial
a.
levator labii frontal process of ala of the nose and elevates the upper buccal branch of infraorbital a.,

superioris alaque the maxilla skin of the upper lip and flares the the facial nerve superior labial
nasi lip nostril (VII) branch of the facial
a.
levator palpebrae apex of the orbit skin and fascia of elevates the upper oculomotor nerve ophthalmic a.

superioris above the optic upper eyelid and eyelid (III) and
canal the superior tarsal sympathetics (to
plate the superior
tarsal portion)
levator scapulae transverse medial border of elevates scapula dorsal scapular dorsal scapular a.

processes of C14 the scapula from nerve (C5); the
vertebrae the superior angle upper part of the
to the spine muscle receives
branches of C3 &
C4 spinal nerves
levator veli palatini apex of the muscles and fascia elevates the soft vagus nerve (X) ascending
petrous part of the of the soft palate; palate via the pharyngeal a.
temporal bone palatine pharyngeal
and the medial aponeurosis plexus
surface of the
auditory tube
cartilage
linguae, within tongue within tongue near shapes the tongue hypoglossal lingual a.
longitudinalis the apex for speech and nerve (XII)
mastication
linguae, transversus within tongue within tongue compresses the hypoglossal lingual a.

sides of the tongue; nerve (XII)
shapes the tongue
for speech and
mastication
linguae, verticalis within tongue within tongue shapes the tongue hypoglossal lingual a.
for speech and nerve (XII)
mastication
longus capitis anterior tubercles basilar portion of flex the head and cervical plexus, deep cervical a.

of vertebrae C36 the occipital bone neck ventral primary
rami of spinal
nerves C14
longus colli anterior tubercles anterior arch of flex neck, rotate and cervical and deep cervical a.
and anterior atlas, anterior laterally bend neck brachial plexus,
surfaces of the tubercles of C56, C27
bodies of anterior surfaces of
vertebrae C3T3 bodies of vertebrae
C24
masseter zygomatic arch lateral surface of elevates the nerve to the masseteric branch
and zygomatic the ramus and mandible masseter, from of the maxillary a.
bone angle of the the mandibular
mandible division of the
trigeminal nerve
(V)
medial pterygoid medial surface of medial surface of elevates and medial pterygoid pterygoid branch of
the lateral the ramus and protracts the branch of the the maxillary a.
pterygoid plate, angle of the mandible mandibular
pyramidal process mandible division of the
of the palatine trigeminal nerve
bone, tuberosity of (V)
the maxilla
medial rectus common sclera on the adducts the corneal oculomotor nerve ophthalmic a.

tendinous ring at medial surface of part of the eyeball (III) (inferior
the apex of the the eyeball division)
orbit
mentalis anterior surface of skin of the chin elevates the lower marginal mental a., inferior
the mandible near lip and skin of chin mandibular labial branch of the
the mental branch of the facial a.
symphysis facial nerve (VII)
(midline)
middle pharyngeal lesser and greater midline pharyngeal constricts the vagus (X), via the ascending
constrictor horns of the hyoid raphe pharyngeal cavity pharyngeal pharyngeal a.
bone and the plexus
inferior part of the
stylohyoid
ligament
middle scalene posterior tubercles upper surface of elevates the first rib; brachial plexus, ascending cervical

of the transverse the first rib behind flexes and laterally C3C8 a.
processes of the subclavian bends the neck
vertebrae C2C7 artery
musculus uvulae posterior nasal mucosa of the shortens the uvula vagus nerve (X) lesser palatine a.

spine uvula via pharyngeal
plexus
mylohyoid mylohyoid line of midline raphe and elevates the hyoid mylohyoid nerve mylohyoid branch

mandible body of the hyoid bone and the from the inferior of the inferior
bone tongue; depresses alveolar nerve, a alveolar a.
the mandible branch of the
mandibular
division of the
trigeminal nerve
(V)
nasalis maxilla above the ala of the nose and flattens the nose, buccal branch of superior labial

incisor teeth and midline flare the nostrils the facial nerve branch of the facial
the canine teeth aponeurosis (VII) a.
nasalis pars alaris maxilla above the ala of the nose flares the nostrils buccal branch of superior labial

canine teeth facial nerve (VII) branch of the facial
a.
nasalis pars maxilla above the midline flattens the nose buccal branch of superior labial

transversa incisor teeth aponeurosis facial nerve (VII) branch of the facial
a.
oblique arytenoid muscular process posterior surface of draws arytenoid inferior laryngeal laryngeal br. of the
of the arytenoid the contralateral cartilages together, nerve, from superior thyroid a.
cartilage arytenoid cartilage, adducting the vocal recurrent
near its apex folds laryngeal nerve,
a branch of the of
vagus (X)
oblique, inferior floor of the orbit sclera on the elevates and oculomotor nerve ophthalmic a.

lateral to the inferior surface of abducts the corneal (III), inferior
lacrimal groove the eyeball part of the eye; division
rotates the superior
pole of the iris
laterally; when the
eye is adducted,
this muscle elevates
the cornea
oblique, superior apex of the orbit sclera on the depresses and trochlear nerve ophthalmic a.
above the optic posterior superior abducts the eyeball; (IV)
canal surface of the rotates the superior
eyeball pole of the iris
medially
occipitalis superior nuchal galea aponeurotica pulls the scalp posterior occipital a.

line posteriorly; elevates auricular branch
the eyebrows of the facial
nerve (VII)
occipitofrontalis frontalis: galea frontalis: skin of the elevates the frontalis:
aponeurotica; eyebrows; eyebrows and temporal frontalis:
occipitalis: occipitalis: galea wrinkles the branches of the supraorbital and
superior nuchal aponeurotica forehead facial nerve (VII); supratrochlear aa.;
line occipitalis: occipitalis: occipital
posterior a.
auricular branch
of the facial
nerve (VII)
omohyoid inferior belly: inferior belly: depresses/stabilizes ansa cervicalis transverse cervical
upper border of intermediate the hyoid bone a.
the scapula tendon; superior
medial to the belly: lower border
scapular notch; of the hyoid bone
superior belly: lateral to the
intermediate sternohyoid
tendon insertion
orbicularis oculi orbital part: medial orbital part: skin of closes the eyelids temporal & supraorbital a.,
orbital margin and the lateral cheek; zygomatic supratrochlear a.,
the medial palpebral part: branches of the infraorbital a.,
palpebral lateral palpebral facial nerve (VII) angular branch of
ligament; raphe the facial a.
palpebral part:
medial palpebral
ligament
orbicularis oris skin and fascia of skin and fascia of purses the lips buccal branch of superior and inferior
lips and the area the lips the facial nerve labial branches of
surrounding the (VII) the facial a., mental
lips a., infraorbital a.
palatoglossus palatine side of the tongue, elevates and vagus nerve (X) tonsilar branch of

aponeurosis entering it from retracts the tongue via the the facial a.,
above pharyngeal ascending
plexus pharyngeal a.
palatopharyngeus posterior margin posterior wall of elevates the larynx vagus nerve (X) ascending

of the bony palate the pharynx and via pharyngeal pharyngeal a.
and the palatine the posterior plexus
aponeurosis margin of the
thyroid cartilage
platysma fascia overlying inferior border of draws the corners cervical branch of facial a.
the pectoralis the mandible and of the mouth down; the facial nerve
major and deltoid skin of lower face it aids in depression (VII)
muscles of the mandible
posterior posterior surface muscular process draws the muscular inferior laryngeal superior laryngeal

cricoarytenoid of the lamina of of the arytenoid process posteriorly, nerve, from the a., cricothyroid
the cricoid cartilage which pivots the recurrent branch of the
cartilage arytenoid cartilage laryngeal nerve, superior thyroid a.
and abducts the a branch of the
vocal folds vagus nerve (X)
posterior scalene posterior tubercles lateral surface of elevates the second brachial plexus, ascending cervical

of the transverse the second rib rib; flexes and C7C8 a.
processes of laterally bends the
vertebrae C5C7 neck
procerus nasal bone skin between the depresses the temporal branch supratrochlear a.

eyebrows medial corners of of the facial
the eyebrows nerve (VII)
pterygoid, lateral superior head: superior head: protracts the lateral pterygoid pterygoid branch of
greater wing of the capsule and & mandible; opens the branch of the the maxillary a.
sphenoid bone; articular disk of the mouth; active in mandibular
inferior head: temporomandibular grinding actions of division of the
lateral surface of joint; inferior head: chewing trigeminal nerve
the lateral neck of the (V)
pterygoid plate mandible
pterygoid, medial medial surface of medial surface of elevates and medial pterygoid pterygoid branch of

the lateral the ramus and protracts the branch of the the maxillary a.
pterygoid plate, angle of the mandible mandibular
pyramidal process mandible division of the
of the palatine trigeminal nerve
bone, tuberosity of (V)
the maxilla
pupillae, dilator outer margin of iris inner margin of iris dilates the pupil sympathetic ophthalmic a.

fibers via short
ciliary nerves,
synapsing in
superior cervical
sympathetic
ganglion
pupillae, sphincter encircles iris encircles iris constricts the pupil parasympathetic ophthalmic a.
fibers of
oculomotor nerve
(III), synapsing in
ciliary ganglion
rectus capitis lateral mass of basilar portion of flexes the head ventral primary deep cervical a.
anterior atlas occipital bone ramus of spinal
nerve C1
rectus capitis transverse occipital bone laterally bends the ventral primary deep cervical a.
lateralis process of atlas anterolateral to head ramus of spinal
foramen magnum nerve C1
rectus, inferior common sclera on the depresses and oculomotor nerve ophthalmic a.
tendinous ring at inferior surface of adducts the corneal (III), inferior
the apex of the the eyeball part of the eyeball; division
orbit rotates the superior
pole of the iris
laterally
rectus, lateral common sclera on the abducts the corneal abducens nerve ophthalmic a.
tendinous ring at lateral surface of part of the eyeball (VI)
the apex of the the eyeball
orbit
rectus, medial common sclera on the adducts the corneal oculomotor nerve ophthalmic a.
tendinous ring at medial surface of part of the eyeball (III) (inferior
the apex of the the eyeball division)
orbit
rectus, superior common sclera on the elevates and oculomotor nerve ophthalmic a.
tendinous ring at superior surface of adducts the eyeball; (III), superior
the apex of the the eyeball rotates the superior division
orbit pole of the iris
medially
risorius fascia of the skin of the angle draws the corner of buccal branches transverse facial a.,

lateral cheek (corner) of the the mouth laterally of the facial facial a.
mouth nerve (VII)
salpingopharyngeus inferior surface of pharyngeal wall elevates the larynx vagus nerve (X) ascending

the anteromedial and superior via the pharyngeal a.
end of the auditory border of the pharyngeal
tube cartilage thyroid cartilage plexus
along with the
palatopharyngeus
m.
scalene, anterior anterior tubercles scalene tubercle of elevates the first rib; brachial plexus, ascending cervical

of the transverse the first rib flexes and laterally C5C7 a., a branch of the
processes of bends the neck thyrocervical trunk
vertebrae C3C6
scalene, middle posterior tubercles upper surface of elevates the first rib; brachial plexus, ascending cervical

of the transverse the first rib behind flexes and laterally C3C8 a.
processes of the subclavian bends the neck
vertebrae C2C7 artery
scalene, posterior posterior tubercles lateral surface of elevates the second brachial plexus, ascending cervical

of the transverse the second rib rib; flexes and C7C8 a.
processes of laterally bends the
vertebrae C5C7 neck
sphenomeniscus greater wing of the capsule and pulls the articular lateral pterygoid pterygoid branch of

sphenoid articular disk of the disk forward in branch of the maxillary a.
temporomandibular opening of the mandibular
joint mouth division of
trigeminal nerve
(V)
sphincter pupillae encircles iris encircles iris constricts the pupil parasympathetic ophthalmic a.
fibers of
oculomotor nerve
(III), synapsing in
ciliary ganglion
splenius ligamentum capitis: mastoid extends and dorsal primary supplied
nuchae and process & superior laterally bends neck rami of spinal segmentally by:
spines C7T6 nuchal line and head; rotates nerves C26 deep cervical a.,
laterally; cervicis: head to same side posterior intercostal
posterior tubercles aa.
of C13
stapedius walls of the neck of the stapes dampens vibration facial nerve (VII) anterior tympanic a.
pyramidal of the stapes
eminence
sternocleidomastoid sternal head: mastoid process draws the mastoid spinal accessory sternocleidomastoid

anterior surface of and lateral 1/2 of process down nerve (XI), with branch of the
the manubrium; the superior nuchal toward the same sensory supply occipital a.
clavicular head: line side which causes from C2 & C3 (for
medial 1/3rd of the the chin to turn up proprioception)
clavicle toward the opposite
side; acting
together, the
muscles of the two
sides flex the neck
sternohyoid posterior surfaces lower border of the depresses/stabilizes ansa cervicalis superior thyroid a.
of both the hyoid bone, medial the hyoid bone
manubrium and to the omohyoid m.
sternal end of the insertion
clavicle
sternothyroid posterior surface oblique line of the depresses/stabilizes ansa cervicalis superior thyroid a.
of the manubrium thyroid cartilage the hyoid bone
below the origin of
the sternohyoid m.
styloglossus anterior side of the posterolateral side retracts and hypoglossal ascending
styloid process of the tongue elevates the tongue nerve (XII) pharyngeal a.,
ascending palatine
branch of the facial
a.
stylohyoid posterior side of splits around the elevates and facial nerve (VII) ascending
the styloid process intermediate retracts the hyoid pharyngeal a.
tendon of the bone
digastric m. to
insert on the body
of the hyoid bone
stylopharyngeus medial side of the superior border of elevates the larynx glossopharyngeal ascending

styloid process the thyroid nerve (IX) pharyngeal a.
cartilage and also
into the pharyngeal
wall
superior oblique apex of the orbit sclera on the depresses and trochlear nerve ophthalmic a.

above the optic posterior superior abducts the eyeball; (IV)
canal surface of the rotates the superior
eyeball pole of the iris
medially
superior pharyngeal medial pterygoid pharyngeal constricts the vagus (X), via the ascending

constrictor plate, pterygoid tubercle and pharyngeal cavity pharyngeal pharyngeal a.
hamulus, midline pharyngeal plexus
pterygomandibular raphe
raphe, mylohyoid
line of mandible
superior rectus common sclera on the elevates and oculomotor nerve ophthalmic a.
tendinous ring at superior surface of adducts the eyeball; (III), superior
the apex of the the eyeball rotates the superior division
orbit pole of the iris
medially
temporalis temporal fossa coronoid process elevates the anterior and anterior and

and the temporal of the mandible mandible; retracts posterior deep posterior deep
fascia and the anterior the mandible temporal nerves temporal aa.
surface of the (posterior fibers) from the
ramus of the mandibular
mandible division of the
trigeminal nerve
(V)
tensor tympani cartilagenous manubrium of the dampens vibrations medial pterygoid superior tympanic

auditory tube and malleus of the tympanic branch of the branch of the
the greater wing of membrane mandibular middle meningeal
the sphenoid bone division of the a.
which lies trigeminal nerve
adjacent to it (V)
tensor veli palatini scaphoid fossa, palatine opens the auditory mandibular ascending

lateral wall of the aponeurosis tube; tenses the soft division of the pharyngeal a.
auditory tube palate trigeminal nerve
cartilage (V)
thyroarytenoid inner surface of lateral border of draws the arytenoid inferior laryngeal laryngeal branch of

the thyroid the arytenoid cartilage forward, nerve, from the superior thyroid
cartilage anteriorly cartilage relaxing and recurrent a.
adducting the vocal laryngeal nerve,
folds a branch of the
vagus nerve (X)
thyroepiglottic inner surface of lateral surface of draws the epiglottic inferior laryngeal laryngeal branch of

the thyroid the epiglottic cartilage downward nerve, from the superior thyroid
cartilage near the cartilage recurrent a.
laryngeal laryngeal nerve,
prominence a branch of the
vagus nerve (X)
thyrohyoid oblique line of the lower border of the elevates the larynx; ansa cervicalis superior thyroid a.

thyroid cartilage hyoid bone depresses/stabilizes (via fibers
the hyoid bone running with the
hypoglossal
nerve that leave
XII distal to the
superior limb of
ansa)
trachealis posterior edge of posterior edge of constricts the preganglionic inferior thyroid a.,
the tracheal the tracheal bronchi and trachea parasympathetic bronchial aa.
cartilage cartilage of other fibers from the
side (joins tracheal vagus (X) nerve
rings posteriorly)
transverse posterior surface posterior surface of draws arytenoid inferior laryngeal laryngeal br. of the

arytenoid of the arytenoid the contralateral cartilages together, nerve, from superior thyroid a.
a branch of the
vagus nerve (X)
transverse posterior surface posterior surface of draws arytenoid inferior laryngeal laryngeal br. of the

arytenoid of the arytenoid the contralateral cartilages together, nerve, from superior thyroid a.
a branch of the
vagus nerve (X)
vocalis surface of the vocal ligament relaxes segments of inferior laryngeal laryngeal br. of the

thyroid cartilage, the vocal ligament, nerve, from the superior thyroid a.
vocal process of thereby adjusting recurrent
the arytenoid pitch laryngeal nerve,
cartilage a branch of the
vagus nerve (X)
zygomaticus major upper lateral skin of the angle of elevates and draws zygomatic and transverse facial a.,

surface of the the mouth the corner of the buccal branches facial a.
zygomatic bone mouth laterally of the facial
nerve (VII)
zygomaticus minor lower surface of lateral part of the elevates the upper buccal branch of transverse facial a.,
the zygomatic upper lip lip the facial nerve facial a.
bone (VII)
Muscles of the Thoracic Region Listed Alphabetically

diaphragm xiphoid process, central pushes the phrenic musculophrenic left crus
costal margin, fascia tendon of abdominal nerve (C3 a., superior attaches to the
over the quadratus the viscera C5) phrenic a., L1L2 vertebral
lumborum and psoas diaphragm inferiorly, inferior phrenic bodies, the right
major mm.(lateral & increasing the a. crus attaches to
medial arcuate volume of the the L1L3
ligaments), vertebral thoracic cavity vertebral bodies
bodies L1L3 (inspiration)
external lower border of a rib upper keeps the intercostal intercostal a. 11 in number;
intercostal within an intercostal border of intercostal nerves (T1 they extend from
space the rib space from T11) the tubercle of
below, blowing out or the rib to the
coursing, sucking in costochondral
downward during junction;
and respiration continuous with
medially the external
intercostal
membrane
anteriorly
innermost upper borders of a fibers keeps the intercostal intercostal a. innermost
intercostal rib course up intercostal nerves (T1 intercostal mm.
and space from T11) have the same
medially to blowing out or fiber direction as
insert on sucking in the internal
the inferior during intercostal mm.,
margin of respiration the only
the rib difference being
above that they lie
deep to the
intercostal
neurovascular
bundle
internal upper border of a rib lower keeps the intercostal intercostal a. 11 in number;
intercostal border of rib intercostal nerves (T1 they extend from
above, space from T11) the margin of
coursing up blowing out or the sternum to
and sucking in the angle of the
medially during rib; continuous
respiration posteriorly with
the internal
intercostal
membrane
levatores transverse rib below its elevates the dorsal deep cervical these are fairly
costarum processes C7T11 origin, rib primary a., intercostal small and
medial to rami of aa. insignificant
the angle spinal muscles
nerves C7
T11
subcostalis angle of ribs angle of a compresses intercostal intercostal a. subcostalis,
rib 23 ribs the intercostal nerves transversus
above spaces thoracis &
origin innermost
intercostal mm.
make up the
deepest
intercostal
muscle layer
transversus posterior surface of inner compresses intercostal internal transversus
thoracis the sternum surfaces of the thorax for nerves 26 thoracic a. thoracis,
costal forced subcostalis &
cartilages expiration innermost
26 intercostal mm.
make up the
innermost
intercostal
muscle layer
Muscles of the Abdominal Region Listed Alphabetically

cremaster inguinal forms thin elevates genital branch cremasteric a., a the cremaster m.
ligament network of testis (not of the branch of the is internal
muscle well genitofemoral inferior abdominal oblique
fascicles developed nerve epigastric a. muscle's
around the in females) contribution to the
spermatic coverings of the
cord and spermatic cord
testis (or and testis; the
around the cremasteric reflex
distal portion may be elicited by
of the round stroking the medial
ligament of thigh (where the
the uterus) femoral branch of
the genitofemoral
n. distributes
cutaneously)
(Greek, cremaster
= suspender)
dartos subcutaneous skin of the elevates postganglionic cremasteric a., the dartos elevates
connective scrotum and testis sympathetic posterior scrotal the testis in
tissue of the penis (or (tenses the nerve fibers (labial) a. response to cold (it
scrotum and labium skin of the arriving via is modified
the penis (or majus and pudendal the ilioinguinal arrector pili fibers,
labium majus clitoris) region in nerve and the or the goosebump
and clitoris) the female) posterior muscles) (Latin,
scrotal nerve dartos = leather)
external lower 8 ribs linea alba, flexes and intercostal musculophrenic the inguinal
abdominal pubic crest laterally nerves 711, a., superior ligament is a
oblique & tubercle, bends the subcostal, epigastric a., specialization of
anterior trunk iliohypogastric intercostal aa. 7 the external
superior iliac and 11, subcostal a., abdominal oblique
spine & ilioinguinal lumbar aa., aponeurosis; the
anterior half nerves superficial external spermatic
of iliac crest circumflex iliac fascia is the
a., deep external abdominal
circumflex iliac oblique muscle's
a., superficial contribution to the
epigastric a., coverings of the
inferior testis and
epigastric a., spermatic cord
superficial
external
pudendal a.
interfoveolar transversus anterior compresses iliohypogastric inferior an inconstant part Image
abdominis lamina of abdominal and epigastric a. of the transversus Not
fibers that lie femoral contents ilioinguinal abdominis m. Available
superficial to sheath, nerves which may be
the inferior immediately replaced by a
epigastric distal to ligament
vessels origin of (interfoveolar
inferior ligament)
epigastric
vessels
internal thoracolumbar lower 3 or 4 flexes and intercostal musculophrenic anterior fibers of

abdominal fascia, ribs, linea laterally nerves 711, a., superior internal abdominal
oblique anterior 2/3 of alba, pubic bends the subcostal, epigastric a., oblique course up
the iliac crest, crest trunk iliohypogastric intercostal aa. 7 and medially,
lateral 2/3 of and 11, subcostal a., perpendicular to
the inguinal ilioinguinal lumbar aa., the fibers of
ligament nerves superficial external abdominal
circumflex iliac oblique; the
a., deep cremaster muscle
circumflex iliac and fascia is the
a., superficial internal abdominal
epigastric a., oblique muscle's
inferior contribution to the
superficial testis and
external spermatic cord
pudendal a.
oblique, lower 8 ribs linea alba, flexes and intercostal musculophrenic the inguinal
external pubic crest laterally nerves 711, a., superior ligament is a
abdominal & tubercle, bends the subcostal, epigastric a., specialization of
anterior trunk iliohypogastric intercostal aa. 7 the external
superior iliac and 11, subcostal a., abdominal oblique
spine & ilioinguinal lumbar aa., aponeurosis; the
anterior half nerves superficial external spermatic
of iliac crest circumflex iliac fascia is the
a., deep external abdominal
circumflex iliac oblique muscle's
a., superficial contribution to the
inferior testis and
epigastric a., spermatic cord
superficial
external
pudendal a.
oblique, thoracolumbar lower 3 or 4 flexes and intercostal musculophrenic anterior fibers of
internal fascia, ribs, linea laterally nerves 711, a., superior internal abdominal
abdominal anterior 2/3 of alba, pubic bends the subcostal, epigastric a., oblique course up
the iliac crest, crest trunk iliohypogastric intercostal aa. 7 and medially,
lateral 2/3 of and 11, subcostal a., perpendicular to
the inguinal ilioinguinal lumbar aa., the fibers of
ligament nerves superficial external abdominal
circumflex iliac oblique; the
a., deep cremaster muscle
circumflex iliac and fascia is the
a., superficial internal abdominal
epigastric a., oblique muscle's
inferior contribution to the
superficial testis and
external spermatic cord
pudendal a.
psoas major bodies and lesser flexes the branches of subcostal a., the genitofemoral

transverse trochanter of thigh; flexes the ventral lumbar aa. nerve pierces the
processes of femur (with & laterally primary rami anterior surface of
lumbar iliacus) via bends the of spinal the psoas major
vertebrae iliopsoas lumbar nerves L2L4 m. (Greek, psoas
tendon vertebral = the muscles of
column the loins)
psoas minor bodies of the iliopubic flexes & branches of lumbar aa. absent in 40% of
T12 & L1 eminence at laterally the ventral cases (Greek,
vertebrae the line of bends the primary rams psoas = the
junction of lumbar of spinal muscles of the
the ilium and vertebral nerves L1L2 loins)
the superior column
pubic ramus
pyramidalis pubis, anterior linea alba draws the subcostal subcostal a., the pyramidalis m.
to the rectus linea alba nerve inferior is not always
abdominis inferiorly epigastric a. present
quadratus posterior part transverse laterally subcostal subcostal a., the lateral arcuate
lumborum of the iliac processes of bends the nerve and lumbar aa. ligament of the
crest and the lumbar trunk, fixes ventral diaphragm crosses
iliolumbar vertebrae 1 the 12th rib primary rami the anterior
ligament 4 and the of spinal surface of the
12th rib nerves L1L4 quadratus
lumborum m.
rectus pubis and the xiphoid flexes the intercostal superior rectus sheath
abdominis pubic process of trunk nerves 711 epigastric a. contains rectus
symphysis the sternum and subcostal intercostal aa., abdominis and is
and costal nerve subcostal a., formed by the
cartilages 5 inferior aponeuroses of
7 epigastric a. external and
internal oblique
and transversus
abdominis mm.
transversus lower 6 ribs, linea alba, flexes and intercostal musculophrenic transversus
abdominis thoracolumbar pubic crest laterally nerves 711, a., superior abdominis muscle
fascia, and pecten bends trunk subcostal, epigastric a., does not
anterior 3/4 of of the pubis iliohypogastric intercostal aa. 7 contribute to the
the iliac crest, and 11, subcostal a., coverings of the
lateral 1/3 of ilioinguinal lumbar aa., spermatic cord
inguinal nerves superficial and testis;
ligament circumflex iliac transversalis
a., deep fascia, the deep
circumflex iliac fascia that covers
a., superficial the inner surface
epigastric a., of the transversus
inferior abdominis, forms
epigastric a., the internal
superficial spermatic fascia
external
pudendal a.
Muscles of the Pelvis and Perineum Listed Alphabetically

anal sphincter, perineal body encircles the constricts inferior rectal inferior skeletal (voluntary)
external or central anal canal; the anal nerves (from the rectal a. muscle, as
tendinous superficial canal pudendal nerve) contrasted with
point of the fibers attach to sphincter ani
perineum the coccyx internus, which is
smooth
(involuntary)
muscle; the
external anal
sphincter is
considered part of
the pelvic
diaphragm
anal sphincter, encircles the encircles the constricts parasympathetic middle smooth muscle
internal anal canal anal canal the anal fibers from S4 rectal a. (involuntary), as
canal contrasted with
sphincter ani
externus, which is
skeletal muscle
(voluntary)
bulbospongiosus, perineal body perineal compresses deep branch of perineal skeletal muscle
in female and fascia of membrane and the the perineal a.
the bulb of the corpus vestibular nerve (from
vestibule cavernosum of bulb and pudendal nerve)
the clitoris constricts
the vaginal
orifice
bulbospongiosus, central perineal compresses deep branch of perineal expels the last

in male tendinous membrane, the bulb of the perineal a. drops of urine from
point and the dorsal surface the penis, nerve (from urethra; expels
midline raphe of the corpus compresses pudendal nerve) semen during
on the bulb of spongiosum, the spongy ejaculation
the penis deep penile urethra
fascia
coccygeus ischial spine side of the elevates the branches of the inferior coccygeus and
coccyx and pelvic floor ventral primary gluteal a. levator ani
lower sacrum rami of spinal combined form the
nerves S3S4 pelvic diaphragm
deep transverse medial surface contralateral fixes and deep branch of internal superficial and
perineus of the ischial muscle and stabilizes perineal nerve pudendal deep transverse
ramus perineal the perineal from pudendal a. perineus muscles
body/central body/central nerve are separated by
tendinous point tendinous the perineal
point membrane
detruser of smooth fascicles are compresses parasympathetic superior muscles in the
bladder muscle in the arranged the urinary nerve fibers and neck of bladder
wall of the roughly in bladder from the pelvic inferior must contract and
urinary three layers splanchnic vesical cause the internal
bladder nerves (S2S4 aa. urethral orifice to
spinal cord open before the
levels) detruser muscle
can void the
bladder (Latin,
detruser = to push
down)
iliococcygeus arcus anococcygeal elevates the branches of the inferior the combination of
tendineus raphe and the pelvic floor ventral primary gluteal a. puborectalis,
levator ani coccyx rami of spinal pubococcygeus
and the ischial nerves S3S4 and iliococcygeus
spine is called the
levator ani m.
ischiocavernosus medial surface corpus compresses deep branch of perineal ischiocavernosus
of the ischial cavernosum the corpus the perineal a. m. is closely
tuberosity and and crus of the cavernosum nerve (from applied to the
the penis/clitoris pudendal nerve) surface of the crus
ischiopubic penis/clitoris
ramus
levator ani posterior anococcygeal elevates the branches of the inferior the combination of
surface of the raphe and pelvic floor ventral primary gluteal a. puborectalis,
body of the coccyx rami of spinal pubococcygeus &
pubis, fascia nerves S3S4 iliococcygeus is
of the the levator ani m.;
obturator coccygeus and
internus m. levator ani
(arcus combined form the
tendineus pelvic diaphragm
levator ani), (Latin, levator = to
ischial spine lift)
levator prostatae posterior fascia of the elevates the branches of the inferior levator prostatae is
aspect of the prostate prostate ventral primary gluteal a. part of the
pubis rami of spinal puborectalis m.
nerves S3S4 (Latin, levator = to
lift)
pubococcygeus posterior coccyx elevates the branches of the inferior the combination of

aspect of the pelvic floor ventral primary gluteal a. puborectalis,
superior pubic rami of spinal pubococcygeus
ramis nerves S3S4 and iliococcygeus
is called the
levator ani m.
puborectalis posterior unites with the draws the branches of the inferior the combination of
aspect of the puborectalis m. distal ventral primary gluteal a. puborectalis,
body of the of other side rectum rami of spinal pubococcygeus
pubis posterior to the forward and nerves S3S4 and iliococcygeus
rectum superiorly; is called the
aids in levator ani m.
voluntary
retention of
feces
pubovaginalis posterior fascia of the draws the branches of the inferior pubovaginalis is
aspect of the vagina and vagina ventral primary gluteal a. part of the levator
body of the perineal body forward and rami of spinal ani muscle
pubis superiorly nerves S3S4
sphincter ani perineal body encircles the constricts inferior rectal inferior skeletal (voluntary)
externus or central anal canal; the anal nerves (from the rectal a. muscle, as
tendinous superficial canal pudendal nerve) contrasted with
point of the fibers attach to sphincter ani
perineum the coccyx internus, which is
smooth
(involuntary)
muscle; the
external anal
sphincter is
considered part of
the pelvic
diaphragm
sphincter ani encircles the encircles the constricts parasympathetic middle smooth muscle
internus anal canal anal canal the anal fibers from S4 rectal a. (involuntary), as
canal contrasted with
sphincter ani
externus, which is
skeletal muscle
(voluntary)
sphincter encircles the encircles compresses deep branch of internal skeletal muscle
urethrae, in urethra urethra and urethra and perineal nerve pudendal
female vagina; vagina from pudendal a.
extends nerve
superiorly
along the
urethra as far
as the inferior
surface of the
bladder
sphincter encircles the encircles compresses deep branch of internal skeletal muscle

urethrae, in male urethra urethra, urethra perineal nerve pudendal
reaches lateral from pudendal a.
surface of nerve
prostate and
inferior bladder
superficial medial surface contralateral fixes and deep branch of perineal superficial and
transverse of the ischial muscle and the stabilizes perineal nerve a. deep transverse
perineus ramus perineal perineal from pudendal perineus muscles
point membrane
transverse medial surface contralateral fixes and deep branch of internal superficial and
perineus, deep of the ischial muscle and stabilizes perineal nerve pudendal deep transverse
ramus perineal the perineal from pudendal a. perineus muscles
point membrane
transverse medial surface contralateral fixes and deep branch of perineal superficial and
perineus, of the ischial muscle and the stabilizes perineal nerve a. deep transverse
superficial ramus perineal perineal from pudendal perineus muscles
point membrane
Muscles of the Lower Limb Listed Alphabetically
Muscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation Artery Notes

abductor digiti medial and lateral side of abducts the 5th toe; lateral plantar lateral abductor digiti
minimi (foot) lateral sides of the base of the flexes the nerve plantar a. minimi forms the
the tuberosity proximal metatarsophalageal lateral margin of
of the phalanx of the joint the sole of the foot
calcaneus 5th digit
abductor hallucis medial side of medial side of abducts the great medial plantar medial abductor hallucis
the tuberosity the base of the toe; flexes the nerve plantar a. forms the medial
of calcaneus proximal metatarsophalageal margin of the sole
phalanx of the joint of the foot (Latin,
great toe hallex = great toe)
(hallux)
adductor brevis inferior pubic pectineal line adducts, flexes, and anterior obturator anterior and
ramus and linea medially rotates the division of the a., deep posterior divisions
aspera (deep to femur obturator femoral a. of the obturator
the pectineus nerve nerve lie on the
and adductor anterior and
longus mm.) posterior surfaces
of adductor brevis
adductor hallucis oblique head: lateral side of adducts the great toe deep branch of plantar the plantar arterial
bases of base of the (moves it toward the lateral arterial arch passes
metatarsals 2 proximal midline of the foot; plantar nerve arch superior to the
4; transverse phalanx of the i.e.toward the 2nd oblique head of
head: heads of great toe digit) adductor hallucis
metatarsals 3 (Latin, hallex =
5 great toe)
adductor longus medial portion linea aspera of adducts, flexes, and anterior obturator the most anterior of
of the superior the femur medially rotates the division of the a., deep the adductor group
pubic ramus femur obturator femoral a. of muscles
nerve
adductor magnus ischiopubic linea aspera of adducts, flexes, and posterior obturator the ischiocondylar
ramus and the femur; the medially rotates the division of the a., deep part of adductor
ischial ischiocondylar femur; extends the obturator femoral a., magnus is a
tuberosity part inserts on femur (ischiocondylar nerve; tibial medial hamstring muscle
the adductor part) nerve femoral by embryonic origin
tubercle of the (ischiocondylar circumflex and action, so it is
femur part) a. innervated by the
tibial nerve
obturator
gluteal ridge adductor minimus
posterior a., medial
lower portion of and upper part m. is the
adducts and laterally division of the femoral
adductor minimus the inferior of the linea uppermost fibers of
rotates the femur obturator circumflex
pubic ramus aspera of the the adductor
nerve a., deep
femur magnus m.
femoral a.
articularis genu anterior articular elevates the articular femoral nerve descending articularis genu is
surface of the capsule of the capsule of the knee genicular formed by muscle
femur above knee joint a. fascicles deep to
the patellar the vastus
surface intermedius m.
biceps femoris long head: head of fibula extends the thigh, long head: perforating one of the
ischial and lateral flexes the leg tibial nerve; branches "hamstring"
tuberosity; condyle of the short head: of the deep muscles
short head: tibia common femoral a.
lateral lip of the fibular
linea aspera (peroneal)
nerve
dorsal shafts of bases of the abduct digits 24 deep branch of dorsal four in number;
interosseous (foot) adjacent proximal (move these digits the lateral metatarsal remember DAB
metatarsal phalanges for away from midline as plantar nerve aa. (Dorsal interossei
bones digit 2 (both defined by a plane ABduct) and PAD
sides) & digits passing through the (Plantar interossei
3,4 (lateral side) 2nd digit); flex the ADduct), then logic
metatarsophalangeal can tell you where
joints and extend the these muscles
interphalangeal joints insert (Latin, inter =
of those digits between + os =
bone)
extensor digitorum superolateral extensor extends toes 14 deep fibular dorsalis the part of the
brevis surface of the expansion of (peroneal) pedis a. extensor digitorum
calcaneus toes 14 nerve brevis that goes to
the great toe is
called the extensor
hallucis brevis m.
extensor digitorum lateral condyle dorsum of the extends the deep fibular anterior one of the muscles
longus of the tibia, lateral 4 toes metatarsophalangeal, (peroneal) tibial a. involved in anterior
anterior via extensor proximal nerve compartment
surface of the expansions interphalangeal and syndrome
fibula, lateral (central slip distal interphalangeal
portion of the inserts on base joints of the lateral 4
interosseous of middle toes
membrane phalanx, lateral
slips on base of
distal phalanx)
extensor hallucis superolateral dorsum of base extends the great toe deep fibular dorsalis usually considered
brevis surface of the of proximal (peroneal) pedis a. to be the medial
calcaneus phalanx of the nerve most part of the
great toe extensor digitorum
brevis m. (Latin,
hallex = great toe)
extensor hallucis middle half of base of the extends the deep fibular anterior one of the muscles

longus the anterior distal phalanx metatarsophalangeal (peroneal) tibial a. involved in anterior
surface of the of the great toe interphalangeal joints nerve compartment
fibula and the of the great toe syndrome (Latin,
interosseous hallex = great toe)
membrane
fibularis lower one third tuberosity of the extends (plantar superficial fibular stress fracture of

(peroneus) brevis of the lateral base of the 5th flexes) and everts the fibular (peroneal) the base of the 5th
surface of the metatarsal foot (peroneal) a. metatarsal bone is
fibula nerve a common runner's
injury
fibularis upper after crossing extends (plantar superficial fibular fibularis longus lies

(peroneus) longus two/thirds of the plantar flexes) and everts the fibular (peroneal) superficial to the
the lateral surface of the foot (peroneal) a. fibularis brevis m.
surface of the foot deep to the nerve in the lateral
fibula intrinsic compartment of the
muscles, it leg
inserts on the
medial
cuneiform and
the base of the
1st metatarsal
bone
fibularis distal part of dorsum of the everts the foot deep fibular anterior fibularis tertius is in
(peroneus) tertius the anterior shaft of the 5th (peroneal) tibial a. the anterior
surface of the metatarsal bone nerve compartment of the
fibula leg, not the lateral
compartment
(which contains
fibularis longus and
brevis)
flexor digiti minimi base of 5th lateral side of flexes the lateral plantar lateral none
brevis (foot) metatarsal base of metatarsophalangeal nerve plantar a.
bone proximal joint of the 5th digit
phalanx of 5th
digit
flexor digitorum tuberosity of base of the flexes the medial plantar medial and flexor digitorum
brevis the calcaneus, middle phalanx metatarsophalangeal nerve lateral brevis in the foot is
plantar of digits 25 & proximal plantar aa. equivalent to the
aponeurosis, after splitting to interphalangeal joints flexor digitorum
intermuscular allow passage of digits 25 superficialis m. of
septae of the flexor the arm
digitorum
longus tendons
flexor digitorum middle half of bases of the flexes the tibial nerve tibial a. flexor digitorum
longus the posterior distal metatarsophalangeal, longus in the leg is
surface of the phalanges of proximal equivalent to the
tibia digits 25 interphalangeal and flexor digitorum
distal interphalangeal profundus m. of the
joints of digits 25; arm
plantar flexes the foot
flexor hallucis cuboid, lateral medial belly: flexes the medial plantar medial each tendon of

brevis cuneiform, medial side of metatarsophalangeal nerve (lateral plantar a. insertion contains a
medial side of proximal joint of the great toe belly sesamoid bone
the first phalanx of the occasionally (Latin, hallex =
metatarsal great toe; receives great toe)
lateral belly: innervation
lateral side of from the lateral
the proximal plantar nerve)
phalanx of the
great toe
flexor hallucis lower 2/3 of the base of the flexes the tibial nerve fibular flexor hallucis
longus posterior distal phalanx metatarsophalangeal (peroneal) longus is very
surface of the of the great toe and proximal a. and tibial important in the
fibula interphalangeal joints a. "push off" part of
of the great toe; the normal gait
plantar flexes the foot (Latin, hallex =
great toe)
gastrocnemius femur; medial dorsum of the flexes leg; plantar tibial nerve sural aa. the calcaneal
head: above calcaneus via flexes foot (from the tendon of the
the medial the calcaneal popliteal gastrocnemius and
femoral (Achilles') a.), soleus is the
condyle; lateral tendon posterior thickest and
head: above tibial a. strongest tendon in
the lateral the body
femoral
condyle
gemellus, inferior ischial obturator laterally rotates the nerve to the inferior gemellus is a Latin
tuberosity internus tendon femur quadratus gluteal a. word that means
femoris m. "little twin"
gemellus, superior ischial spine obturator laterally rotates the nerve to the inferior gemellus is a Latin
internus tendon femur obturator gluteal a. word that means
internus m. "little twin"
gluteus maximus posterior upper fibers: extends the thigh; inferior gluteal superior gluteus maximus is
gluteal line, iliotibial tract; laterally rotates the nerve and inferior a site of
posterior lowermost femur gluteal aa. intramuscular
surface of fibers: gluteal injection
sacrum and tuberosity of the
coccyx, femur
sacrotuberous
ligament
gluteus medius external greater abducts the femur; superior superior the angle at which
surface of the trochanter of medially rotates the gluteal nerve gluteal a. the gluteus medius
ilium between the femur thigh tendon approaches
the posterior the greater
and anterior trochanter of the
gluteal lines femur is anterior to
the axis of rotation
of the thigh,
resulting in medial
rotation
gluteus minimus external greater abducts the femur; superior superior the angle at which

surface of the trochanter of medially rotates the gluteal nerve gluteal a. the gluteus
ilium between the femur thigh minimus tendon
the anterior approaches the
and inferior greater trochanter
gluteal lines of the femur is
anterior to the axis
of rotation of the
thigh, resulting in
medial rotation
gracilis pubic medial surface adducts the thigh, anterior obturator a. the pes anserinus
symphysis and of the tibia (via flexes and medially division of the is the common
the inferior pes anserinus) rotates the thigh, obturator insertion of the
pubic ramus flexes the leg nerve gracilis, sartorius,
and
semitendinosus
mm. (Latin, pes
anserinus =
goose's foot;
gracilis = slender
iliacus iliac fossa and lesser flexes the thigh; if the femoral nerve iliolumbar inserts in company
iliac crest; ala trochanter of thigh is fixed it flexes a. with the psoas
of sacrum the femur the pelvis on the major m. via the
thigh iliopsoas tendon
iliopsoas iliac fossa; lesser flexes the thigh; branches of iliolumbar a combination of
bodies and trochanter of flexes and laterally the ventral a. the iliacus and
transverse the femur bends the lumbar primary rami of psoas major mm.
processes of vertebral column spinal nerves
lumbar L2L4;
vertebrae branches of
the femoral
nerve
inferior gemellus ischial obturator laterally rotates the nerve to the inferior Latin, gemellus =
tuberosity internus tendon femur quadratus gluteal a. little twin
femoris m.
interosseous, shafts of bases of the abduct digits 24 deep branch of dorsal four in number;
dorsal (foot) adjacent proximal (move these digits the lateral metatarsal remember DAB
metatarsal phalanges for away from midline as plantar nerve aa. (Dorsal interossei
bones digit 2 (both defined by a plane ABduct) and PAD
sides) & digits passing through the (Plantar interossei
3,4 (lateral side) 2nd digit); flex the ADduct), then logic
metatarsophalangeal can tell you where
joints and extend the these muscles
interphalangeal joints insert (Latin, inter =
of those digits between + os =
bone)
interosseous, base and bases of adduct digits 35 deep branch of plantar remember PAD
plantar medial side of proximal (move these digits the lateral metatarsal (Plantar interossei
metatarsals 3 phalanges and toward the midline of plantar nerve aa. ADduct) and DAB
5 extensor the foot as defined by (Dorsal interossei
expansions of a plane through the ABduct), and logic
digits 35 second digit); flex the will tell you where
metacarpophalangeal these muscles
and extend must insert (Latin,
interphalangeal joints inter = between +
of digits 35 os = bone)
lumbricals (foot) tendons of the medial side of flex the medial (1st) medial and the lumbricals of
flexor digitorum the extensor metatarsophalangeal lumbrical: lateral the foot have the
longus expansion of joint, extend the medial plantar plantar aa. same action on the
digits 25 proximal nerve; lateral toes that the
interphalangeal & three lumbricals in the
distal interphalangeal lumbricals: hand have on the
joints of digits 25 lateral plantar fingers (Latin,
nerve lumbricus =
earthworm)
obturator externus the external trochanteric laterally rotates the obturator obturator a. the tendon of the
surface of the fossa of the thigh nerve obturator externus
obturator femur m. passes inferior
membrane and to the neck of the
the superior femur to reach its
and inferior insertion site
pubic rami
obturator internus the internal greater laterally rotates and nerve to the obturator a. the obturator
surface of the trochanter on its abducts the thigh obturator internus m. leaves
obturator medial surface internus m. the pelvis by
membrane and above the passing through
margin of the trochanteric the lesser sciatic
obturator fossa foramen; the
foramen superior and
inferior gemellus
mm. insert on the
obturator internus
tendon
pectineus pecten of the pectineal line of adducts, flexes, and femoral nerve medial pectineus often has

pubis the femur medially rotates the and possibly femoral a dual innervation
thigh the anterior circumflex
division of the a.
obturator
nerve
peroneus mm. peroneus is the old
(SEE fibularis terminology used
mm.) for the fibularis
mm.
piriformis anterior upper border of laterally rotates and ventral rami of piriformis leaves
surface of greater abducts thigh S1S2 the pelvis by
sacrum trochanter of passing through
femur the greater sciatic
foramen
plantar base and bases of adduct digits 35 deep branch of plantar remember PAD
interosseous medial side of proximal (move these digits the lateral metatarsal (Plantar interossei
metatarsals 3 phalanges and toward the midline of plantar nerve aa. ADduct) and DAB
5 extensor the foot as defined by (Dorsal interossei
expansions of the second digit),flex ABduct), and logic
digits 35 metatarsophalangeal will tell you where
and extend these muscles
interphalangeal joints must insert (Latin,
of digits 35 inter = between +
os = bone)
plantaris above the dorsum of the flexes the leg; plantar tibial nerve popliteal a. plantaris has a long
lateral femoral calcaneus flexes the foot slender tendon that
condyle (above medial to the is equivalent to the
the lateral calcaneal tendon of the
head of tendon palmaris longus m.
gastrocnemius) of the arm; its
tendon is often
called the
"freshman nerve"
because it is often
misidentified by the
freshman medical
student
popliteus lateral condyle posterior flexes and rotates the tibial nerve popliteal a. has a round tendon
of the femur surface of the leg medially (with the of origin; popliteus
tibia above foot planted, it rotates unlocks the knee
soleal line the thigh laterally) joint to initiate
flexion of the leg
psoas major bodies and lesser flexes the thigh; branches of subcostal the genitofemoral

transverse trochanter of flexes & laterally the ventral a., lumbar nerve pierces the
processes of femur (with bends the lumbar primary rami of aa. anterior surface of
lumbar iliacus) via vertebral column spinal nerves the psoas major m.
vertebrae iliopsoas L2L4 (Latin, psoas = the
tendon muscles of the
loins)
psoas minor bodies of the iliopubic flexes & laterally branches of lumbar aa. absent in 40% of
T12 & L1 eminence at the bends the lumbar the ventral cases (Latin, psoas
vertebrae line of junction vertebral column primary rams = the muscles of
of the ilium and of spinal the loins)
the superior nerves L1L2
pubic ramus
quadratus femoris lateral border quadrate line of laterally rotates the nerve to the inferior the nerve to the
of the ischial the femur below thigh quadratus gluteal a. quadratus femoris
tuberosity the femoris m. m. also innervates
intertrochanteric the inferior
crest gemellus m.
quadratus plantae anterior portion tendons of the assists the flexor lateral plantar lateral the quadratus
of the flexor digitorum digitorum longus in nerve plantar a. plantae m. changes
calcaneus and longus m. flexing the toes the line of force of
the long the flexor digitorum
plantar longus m. to bring it
ligament in line with the long
axis of the foot
(Latin, quadratus =
square)
quadriceps femoris anterior tibial tuberosity extends the knee; femoral nerve lateral composed of 4
surface of the via the patellar rectus femoris flexes circumflex muscles: rectus
femur and the ligament the thigh femoral a., femoris, vastus
anterior side of deep lateralis, vastus
the medial and femoral a. intermedius and
lateral vastus medialis
intermuscular
septa
rectus femoris straight head: patella and extends the leg, femoral nerve lateral rectus femoris is
anterior inferior tibial tuberosity flexes the thigh circumflex part of the
iliac spine; (via the patellar femoral a. quadriceps femoris
reflected head: ligament) muscle
above the
superior rim of
the acetabulum
sartorius anterior medial surface flexes, abducts and femoral nerve lateral its actions put the
superior iliac of the tibia (pes laterally rotates the femoral lower limb in the
spine anserinus) thigh; flexes leg circumflex traditional cross
a., legged seated
saphenous position of a tailor
a. (Latin, sartorius =
tailor)
semimembranosus upper, outer medial condyle extends the thigh, tibial nerve perforating one of the

surface of the of the tibia flexes the leg branches "hamstring"
ischial of the deep muscles
tuberosity femoral a.
semitendinosus lower, medial medial surface extends the thigh, tibial nerve perforating pes anserinus is

surface of of tibia (via pes flexes the leg branches the common
ischial anserinus) of the deep insertion for the
tuberosity femoral a. gracilis, sartorius,
(common and
tendon with semitendinosus
biceps femoris mm.
m.)
soleus posterior dorsum of the plantar flexes the foot tibial nerve posterior soleus and the 2
surface of calcaneus via tibial a. heads of
head and the calcaneal gastrocnemius are
upper shaft of (Achilles') sometimes called
the fibula, tendon the triceps surae
soleal line of muscle
the tibia
superior gemellus ischial spine obturator laterally rotates the nerve to the inferior Latin, gemellus =

internus tendon femur obturator gluteal a. little twin
internus m.
tensor fasciae anterior part of iliotibial tract flexes, abducts, and superior superior tensor fascia latae
latae the iliac crest, medially rotates the gluteal nerve gluteal a. redirects the
anterior thigh rotational forces of
superior iliac the gluteus
spine maximus m.
tibialis anterior lateral tibial medial surface dorsiflexes and deep fibular anterior acts as both an
condyle and of the medial inverts the foot (peroneal) tibial a. antagonist
the upper cuneiform and nerve (dorsiflexion/plantar
lateral surface the 1st flexion) and a
of the tibia metatarsal synergist
(inversion) of the
tibialis posterior m.
tibialis posterior interosseous tuberosity of the plantar flexes the tibial nerve fibular acts as both an
membrane, navicular and foot; inverts the foot (peroneal) antagonist
posteromedial medial a. and tibial (dorsiflexion/plantar
surface of the cuneiform, a. flexion) and a
fibula, metatarsals 24 synergist
posterolateral (inversion) of the
surface of the tibialis anterior m.
tibia
vastus intermedius anterior and patella extends the leg femoral nerve lateral vastus intermedius
lateral surface femoral is part of the
of the femur circumflex quadriceps femoris
a. muscle (Latin,
vastus = huge)
vastus lateralis lateral patella and extends leg femoral nerve lateral vastus lateralis is

intermuscular medial patellar femoral part of the
septum, lateral retinaculum circumflex quadriceps femoris
lip of the linea a., muscle (Latin,
aspera and the perforating vastus = huge)
gluteal branches
tuberosity of the deep
femoral a.
vastus medialis medial patella and extends leg femoral nerve lateral vastus medialis is
intermuscular medial patellar femoral part of the
septum, medial retinaculum circumflex quadriceps femoris
lip of the linea a. muscle (Latin,
aspera vastus = huge)
The material presented in these tables is contained in the book: The excellent editorial assistance of
MedCharts Anatomy by Thomas R. Gest & Jaye Schlesinger Dr. Pat Tank, UAMS
Published by ILOC, Inc., New York is gratefully acknowledged.
Copyright © 1995, unauthorized use prohibited.
Copyright© 2000 The University of Michigan. Unauthorized use prohibited.

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8/14/2015 Univ of Michigan ­ Gross Anatomy ­ Muscles Tables

Muscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation Artery Notes Image

Muscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation Artery Notes

extensor common extensor extends the deep radial nerve interosseous the extensor

extensor indicis interosseous its tendon extends the index deep radial nerve posterior extensor indicis is

flexor digiti hook of proximal flexes the ulnar nerve, deep ulnar a. flexor digiti minimi

palmaris longus common flexor palmar flexes the wrist median nerve ulnar a. palmaris longus is

pectoralis minor ribs 3­5 coracoid draws the scapula medial pectoral pectoral branch branches of

Muscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation Artery

aryepiglottic apex (superior epiglottis draws the epiglottis inferior laryngeal laryngeal br. of the

arytenoid, posterior surface posterior surface of draws arytenoid inferior laryngeal laryngeal br. of the

auricular anterior: galea auricle anteriorly, wiggle the ears anterior & superficial temporal

chondroglossus medial side of the ascends to blend pulls the sides of hypoglossal lingual a.

constrictor, superior medial pterygoid pharyngeal constricts the vagus (X), via the ascending

cricoarytenoid, arch of the cricoid muscular process draws the muscular inferior laryngeal superior laryngeal

cricoarytenoid, posterior surface muscular process draws the muscular inferior laryngeal superior laryngeal

cricopharyngeus lateral surface of midline pharyngeal constricts the recurrent cricothyroid branch

cricothyroid arch of the cricoid inferior border of draws the thyroid external branch cricothyroid branch

depressor anguli oblique line of the angle of the mouth pulls the corner of marginal inferior labial

geniohyoid mental spines of body of the hyoid elevates the hyoid ventral primary lingual a.,

hyoglossus upper border of spreads out into depresses the sides hypoglossal lingual a.

lateral pterygoid superior head: superior head: protracts the lateral pterygoid pterygoid branch of

lateral rectus common sclera on the abducts the corneal abducens nerve ophthalmic a.

levator labii frontal process of ala of the nose and elevates the upper buccal branch of infraorbital a.,

levator palpebrae apex of the orbit skin and fascia of elevates the upper oculomotor nerve ophthalmic a.

levator scapulae transverse medial border of elevates scapula dorsal scapular dorsal scapular a.

linguae, transversus within tongue within tongue compresses the hypoglossal lingual a.

longus capitis anterior tubercles basilar portion of flex the head and cervical plexus, deep cervical a.

medial rectus common sclera on the adducts the corneal oculomotor nerve ophthalmic a.

middle scalene posterior tubercles upper surface of elevates the first rib; brachial plexus, ascending cervical

musculus uvulae posterior nasal mucosa of the shortens the uvula vagus nerve (X) lesser palatine a.

mylohyoid mylohyoid line of midline raphe and elevates the hyoid mylohyoid nerve mylohyoid branch

nasalis maxilla above the ala of the nose and flattens the nose, buccal branch of superior labial

nasalis pars alaris maxilla above the ala of the nose flares the nostrils buccal branch of superior labial

nasalis pars maxilla above the midline flattens the nose buccal branch of superior labial

oblique, inferior floor of the orbit sclera on the elevates and oculomotor nerve ophthalmic a.

occipitalis superior nuchal galea aponeurotica pulls the scalp posterior occipital a.

orbicularis oris skin and fascia of skin and fascia of purses the lips buccal branch of superior and inferior

palatoglossus palatine side of the tongue, elevates and vagus nerve (X) tonsilar branch of

palatopharyngeus posterior margin posterior wall of elevates the larynx vagus nerve (X) ascending

posterior posterior surface muscular process draws the muscular inferior laryngeal superior laryngeal

posterior scalene posterior tubercles lateral surface of elevates the second brachial plexus, ascending cervical

procerus nasal bone skin between the depresses the temporal branch supratrochlear a.

pterygoid, medial medial surface of medial surface of elevates and medial pterygoid pterygoid branch of

pupillae, dilator outer margin of iris inner margin of iris dilates the pupil sympathetic ophthalmic a.

risorius fascia of the skin of the angle draws the corner of buccal branches transverse facial a.,

salpingopharyngeus inferior surface of pharyngeal wall elevates the larynx vagus nerve (X) ascending

scalene, anterior anterior tubercles scalene tubercle of elevates the first rib; brachial plexus, ascending cervical

scalene, middle posterior tubercles upper surface of elevates the first rib; brachial plexus, ascending cervical

scalene, posterior posterior tubercles lateral surface of elevates the second brachial plexus, ascending cervical

sphenomeniscus greater wing of the capsule and pulls the articular lateral pterygoid pterygoid branch of

sternocleidomastoid sternal head: mastoid process draws the mastoid spinal accessory sternocleidomastoid

stylopharyngeus medial side of the superior border of elevates the larynx glossopharyngeal ascending

superior oblique apex of the orbit sclera on the depresses and trochlear nerve ophthalmic a.

superior pharyngeal medial pterygoid pharyngeal constricts the vagus (X), via the ascending

temporalis temporal fossa coronoid process elevates the anterior and anterior and

tensor tympani cartilagenous manubrium of the dampens vibrations medial pterygoid superior tympanic

tensor veli palatini scaphoid fossa, palatine opens the auditory mandibular ascending

thyroarytenoid inner surface of lateral border of draws the arytenoid inferior laryngeal laryngeal branch of

thyroepiglottic inner surface of lateral surface of draws the epiglottic inferior laryngeal laryngeal branch of

thyrohyoid oblique line of the lower border of the elevates the larynx; ansa cervicalis superior thyroid a.

transverse posterior surface posterior surface of draws arytenoid inferior laryngeal laryngeal br. of the

transverse posterior surface posterior surface of draws arytenoid inferior laryngeal laryngeal br. of the

8/14/2015 Univ of Michigan Gross Anatomy Muscles Tables

pectoralis minor ribs 35 coracoid draws the scapula medial pectoral pectoral branch branches of