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Restaurant Fire Protection

Shiju S B
Product Manager APAC

Johnson Controls — Confidential. © 2018 Johnson Controls. All rights reserved.

Agenda
1) Introduction
Restaurant fire statistics
History of Kitchen fire suppression system

2) Codes & Standards

UL 300 & NFPA

3) Pyrochem Kitchen Fire Suppression System

5) Water
Does it work?
6) Inspection and maintenance

2 Johnson Controls
Restaurant Fires

Melbourne, Australia
January 20, 2014
$2 Million Damage

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Why Restaurant Fire Protection?
Melbourne, Australia
Melbourne,
$2 Million Australia
Damage
$2 Million Damage

Restaurants with
inadequate or no fire
protection run the risk of
catastrophic damage

4 Johnson Controls — Confidential. © 2018 Johnson Controls. All rights reserved.

U.S. Restaurant Statistics

1 Million Restaurants in the United States

Commercial Kitchen Fires Cause in Excess of $100 Million Dollars in Property Damage Annually

5 Johnson Controls — Confidential. © 2018 Johnson Controls. All rights reserved.

U.S. Restaurant Statistics 2010-2014
7,140 restaurant fires were reported each year

These fires resulted in associated annual losses of:

• Three civilian deaths
• 110 civilian injuries
• $165 million in property damage

Fires originating in restaurants accounted for the most reported incidents in the
category of assembly areas, under the broader descriptor of property use in the
National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS).

Source: Structure Fires in Eating and Drinking Establishments, Richard Campbell

NFPA, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169

6 Johnson Controls — Confidential. © 2018 Johnson Controls. All rights reserved.

U.S. Restaurant Statistics 2010-2014
Structure Fires in Eating and Drinking
Establishments by Major Cause (Top 5 shown)

• Deep fryers were involved in one of five fires (21%) and ranges or cooktops
were involved in 14% of fires.
• Cooking materials were the items first ignited in 43% of the fires in eating and
drinking establishments.
• Failure to clean was a factor in 22% of the fires in these properties.
Source: Structure Fires in Eating and Drinking Establishments, Richard Campbell
NFPA, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169

7 Johnson Controls — Confidential. © 2018 Johnson Controls. All rights reserved.

Restaurant Fire

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qrPJ0w
v2Wks
11 Johnson Controls
 Restaurant Fires in Singapore
• In 2015, there were 50 reported cases of fires occurring in eating
establishments. (i.e., restaurants, coffee shops, canteens and
hawker centers).SCDF data -2015

• Unattended cooking (30%).

• Grease build up.

• Accumulated flammable gas.

12 Johnson Controls
Restaurant Fires- Singapore
27th March 2019 fire in HYATT
Singapore

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m9jkEg
3V17o&feature=youtu.be

14 Johnson Controls
Kitchen fire protection layout
Detection
Mechanical Nozzles
assembly

Pull station

Gas shut
of valve

18 Johnson Controls
Johnson Controls Restaurant Fire Suppression Systems
PYRO-CHEM ANSUL

• Popular with Independent • Fine and Casual Dining • Industry’s Most Robust Suppression
Restaurants • Stadiums, Casino/Hotels System
• Chain Restaurant Presence • High Hazard/Risk Applications
• Hawker centers
• Exclusive with Major Hotels
• Hotels

Johnson Controls Restaurant Systems Protect More Types of Cooking

Equipment for More Customers than Any Competitor

20 Johnson Controls — Confidential. © 2018 Johnson Controls. All rights reserved.

Restaurant System
History

Where did it all begin?

Restaurant System History:
Late 1950’s/Early 1960’s

• Growing concerns escalate as restaurant damage increases from grease

fires in hoods, ducts and cooking appliances
• Insurance industry began increasing premiums and often withheld
insurance underwriting altogether
• Concurrently, Las Vegas, Nevada experienced rapid growth in elaborate
and expensive casinos which also had a surge of devastating fires

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Restaurant System History:
Early to Mid 1960’s

Early years - hood and duct protection only

• Dry chemical introduced

Mid 1960’s - Subject 300 (Pre-ANSI/UL 300)

• First pre-engineered fire system UL performance
fire test protocol for hoods, ducts, and appliances

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Restaurant System History:
1970’s – 1980’s

Late 1970’s – Wet Chemical Systems introduced

• Wet chemical increased cooling, enhanced cleanup
• Range Guard first to introduce wet chemical
• 1986 – Pyro-Chem PC (dry)/PCL (wet)

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Codes & Standards
Codes and Standards
• UL300
• NFPA 17A is for Wet Chemical Systems
• NFPA 96 is for Ventilation
• SCDF-Fire Code 2013-Chapter 7.1.7(b)

NFPA 96
Standard for
Ventilation Control
and Fire Protection
of Commercial
Cooking Operations
XXXX Edition

26 Johnson Controls
Testing / Codes & Standards
Third Party Testing Organizations

• Nationally recognized testing laboratories that test, certify and

inspect products for safety and performance for manufacturers
• ANSI/UL Safety and Testing Standards are used by all

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UL Testing Standards

Consistent testing requirements in UL standards

UL 300
• Uniform & accepted testing and approvals
• Consider the attributes of the end-use products
• Designed around nationally recognized
installation codes and standards
Underwriter’s Laboratories (Testing)
• UL 300 / UL 1254- Wet & Dry chemical standard
• UL 199 / UL 199E-Automatic sprinklers
• UL 197 / UL 710B-Commercial cooking hoods & appliances
• UL 1046 / UL 710- Exhaust hood grease filters
ANSI Accreditation
• ANSI/UL Standards are used by major 3rd party testing organizations

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Testing / Codes & Standards
UL Listing Mark

System UL Listed vs. Component UL Recognized or Classified

• NFPA 17A Wet Chemical Extinguishing Systems
• Manufacturer’s components listed with the system
• Or alternative listed for use with the specific extinguishing system

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 UL300 Testing
Performance Requirements (Fryer example)
1) Energy Efficient Cooking Equipment (Commercially Available)
• More Robust Heating - heating rate at least 12° F / min.
• Insulation – cooling rate not to exceed 5° F / min.

2) Vegetable Oil Utilized

• High Auto-ignition Temperatures 685°- 725°
• Lower Levels of Fatty Acid - Reduced Saponification.

3) Two Minute Pre-Burn Time

• (2) Minute Pre-Burn - begins after auto-ignition.
• Fuel Source - to remain “ON” until agent discharge
• Longer burn time = higher oil temperatures.

4) No Re-Ignition
• No Re-ignition for 20 minutes
• Or until grease/oil temperature is below 600º F
below observed auto-ignition temperature.

5) Splash Testing
• After successful fire testing, splash testing is required.
• No splashing grease droplets in excess of 3/16 in. diameter

30 Johnson Controls
UL-300 Test (Fryer example)

31 Johnson Controls
UL-300 Test-(Char Broiler example)

32 Johnson Controls
Overview: NFPA 17A
Fire Protection Requirements for Wet Chemical Systems

NFPA 17A
Standard for Wet Chemical Extinguishing Systems (2013 Edition)
covers the following:

NFPA 17A
Standard for
Wet Chemical
Extinguishing
Plans & Inspection, Systems
Components System Acceptance Maintenance 2013 Edition
Requirements Tests & Recharging

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Overview: NFPA 17A
Components / System Requirements

4.1 General - Only system components referenced or

permitted in the manufacturer’s design, installation and
Components maintenance manual or alternate components that are
listed for use with the specific extinguishing system shall
be used.

5.1 General - Wet chemical fire-extinguishing systems for use

in cooking operations shall comply with ANSI/UL 300, Fire
Testing of Fire Extinguishing Systems for Protection of
Commercial Cooking Equipment
System
Requirements System requirements cover the application, actuation,
supervision, system layout, discharge nozzles, special
requirements and protection of common exhaust ducts

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Overview: NFPA 17A
Plans & Acceptance Tests / Inspection, Maintenance & Recharging

6.1 Specifications - Specifications for wet chemical fire

extinguishing systems shall be drawn up by or under the
supervision of a trained person and with the advice of the
authority having jurisdiction
Plans &
Acceptance
Tests Plans & Acceptance Tests covers the system specifications,
review and certification, plans, approval of plans, and the
approval of installations

7.1 General - The responsibility for inspection, testing,

maintenance and recharging of the fire protection system
shall ultimately be that of the owner(s) of the system,
provided that this responsibility has not been transferred in
Inspection,
Maintenance
written form to a management company, tenant or other party
& Recharging
Inspection, maintenance & recharging explains the owner’s
responsibility, maintenance and schedule for maintenance,
recharging and hydrostatic testing requirements

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Overview: NFPA 96 (2014 edition)
Ventilation & Fire Protection Requirements

Hoods & Grease Exhaust Duct

General
Removal Devices Systems & Air
Requirements
in Hoods Movement

Fire Extinguishing Use, Inspection

Auxiliary Testing &
Equipment Equipment
Maintenance

Recirculating Solid Fuel Cooking Downdraft Appliance

Systems Operations Ventilation Systems

NFPA 96 Standard for Ventilation Control and Fire Protection of Commercial Cooking Operations (2014 Edition)

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NFPA 17A
Pre-engineered System

 System limitations, & associated

components are
PERFORMANCE TESTED
1) Verified by testing
laboratories (UL)
2) Published in manufacturer’s
design, installation and
maintenance manual.

37
NFPA 96-Ventilation Control and Fire Protection

38 Johnson Controls
NFPA 17A –Wet Chemical Agent
Wet Chemical System Agents – NFPA 17A

Wet Chemical
• Potassium carbonate
• Potassium acetate
• Potassium citrate
Suppression
• Breaks fire chemical reaction
• Cools
• Vapor suppression foam – Saponification
39
NFPA 17A – Special Requirements

5.6 Special Requirements.

5.6.1.4 . . At least one detector in each duct
5.6.1.4 . . At least one detector above each appliance . .
not directly below detector at duct opening.

40 Johnson Controls
NFPA 96-Ventilation Control and Fire
Protection
10.2 Types of Equipment
10.2.1 Fire-extinguishing equipment shall include both
1) Automatic fire-extinguishing systems as primary
protection and . . .
1. 2) Portable fire extinguishers as secondary backup.

NFPA 96
Standard for
Ventilation Control and
Fire Protection of
Commercial Cooking
Operations
2014 Edition

2.

41 Johnson Controls
Automatic fuel or power shutoff (NFPA 96 /17A)
NFPA 96 / 17A – Sources of fuel and electric power that produce heat to all equipment

42 Johnson Controls
NFPA 96 / 17A – System Activation

NFPA 96 - 10.5 Manual Activation.

10.5..1 . . . (42 to 48 in.) above the floor, in a
path of egress.
10.5.1.1 . . . (10 - 20 ft.) from protected hood,
. . . Or alternate location acceptable to AHJ.

NFPA 96
6.4.6 Building Alarm System.
Where the system is connected to a building Alarm System,
verification that Alarm-sounding or Notification devices and remote
annunciation devices are functional shall be required.
NFPA 17A

43 Johnson Controls
Pre-engineered System – Trained Distributor

DESIGN MUST BE : By a trained and authorized distributor.

• NFPA 17A : Clause 3.3.18 Trained

A person who had undergone the instructions necessary to safety design, install and reliably perform
the maintenance and recharge service in accordance with the manufacturer’s design, installation&
maintenance manual..(Typical product certification valid for 3 years).

• NFPA 17A : Clause 7.3 Maintenance

A Services Technician who perform maintenance on an extinguishing system shall be trained and shall
have passed a written or online test that is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.

• NFPA 17A : Clause 6.2 Review & Certification.

Design & installation of Systems shall be performed only by persons properly trained and qualified to
design and / or install the specific system being provided. The Installer shall provide certification to the
authority having jurisdiction that the installation compiles with the terms listed and the manufacturer’s
instructions and / or approved design.

• NFPA 17A : Clause 6.4.10.3 Return of System to Operation Condition.

The Installation Contractor shall complete and sign an acceptance test report acceptable to the
authority having jurisdiction.

44 Johnson Controls
SCDF Fire Code 2013-Chapter 7.1.7(b)

45 Johnson Controls
Restaurant System History:
UL 300 / Others - 1990’s to Present
1994 - UL 300 standard approved and implemented
• UL 300 required that all systems to be retested/listed in 1994
making dry chemical systems obsolete

Late 1990’s
• Dry chemical system components no longer supported
• Existing dry chemical systems lose UL listings
• Codes & standards reflect UL 300 requirements
• Local jurisdictions have various levels of upgrade requirements
• Fire system manufacturers have varied upgrade recommendations
2014 - NFPA 96 revised to require UL 300 compliance
_____________________________________________

Safer. Smarter. Tyco.TM 47

KKII Wet chemical agent components

49 Johnson Controls
System Review
Components
Agent Tanks
PCL - 160
PCL - 300
PCL - 460
PCL - 600
Max
flow
Model No. Point Weight Height
PCL - 160 5 15 Kgs. 392 mm
PCL - 300 10 24 Kgs. 578mm
PCL - 460 15 37 Kgs. 578mm
PCL - 600 20 49Kgs. 851mm
Agent Tank Valve
All tanks use the same piston type
valve assembly with an internal
regulator to reduce discharge
pressure to 100 psi (689.5 kPa).

PISTON TYPE VALVE ASSEMBLY

INTERNAL REGULATOR
Agent Tank Valve: Non-Actuated

In the non-actuated state,

the piston and valve stem
are sealed shut by both the
internal pressure and the
conical spring seated against
CONICAL
the piston. SPRING

PISTON

VALVE STEM
Agent Tank Valve: Actuated
When actuated, cartridge
pressure from the Control
Head, forces the piston and
valve stem down
Regulator outlet ½ in. NPTF.

PISTON

VALVE STEM
Agent Tank Valve: Actuated

The tank contents are

then discharged at
regulated pressure of
7 Bar

WET AGENT
Detection –Fusible Links
 Control Heads
The heart of the system is the Control Head,

SLIDE PLATE

CAM ARM
PILOT
CARTRIDGE (16 gram only)
Control Heads
Local Actuation or

• Attaches directly to PCL tank

valve

•Can be remotely mounted.

LOCAL ACTUATION
Sequence of operation

Source:

59 Johnson Controls
Pneumatic Actuating Cylinder
PAC-10
A PAC-10 assembly is a pneumatic
actuation cylinder that can actuate
up to a maximum of 10 agent tanks
simultaneously using one of the
four control head models.
Mechanical Gas Shutoff Line
Gas Valves
The mechanical
gas shutoff line is
connected to the
Control Head at
the gas valve
ratchet wheel.

GAS VALVE LINE

RATCHET WHEEL
Mechanical Gas Shutoff Line
Gas Valves
The mechanical gas shutoff
valves is rated for both
natural and LP gas
and is available in
¾, 1, 1 ¼, 1 ½, 2,
2 ½ and 3 inch sizes.
Electrical Switches
Switches are used for:
• Alarms
• Contactors
• Lights
• Electric power shut-off devices and
• Other electrical devices that are
designed to shut off or turn on
when the system is actuated.
 Kitchen Knight II Nozzles
1L & 2D-Duct & Appliances
1H-Plenum & Appliances Five types of nozzles.
2H-Appliances
 Nozzle Swivel Adaptor
A swivel adaptor for all of the nozzles
is available.

It rotates the nozzle approximately

30 degrees in all direction.
Source:

67 Johnson Controls
Sprinklers

Does it work?
Why not Sprinkler ?

76 Johnson Controls
Spray Nozzles?

77 Johnson Controls
Inspection and maintenance

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 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance
NFPA 17A, Chapter 7

NFPA 17A, Chapter 7 – Inspection, Maintenance and Service

7.3.3 At lease semiannually, . . maintenance shall be conducted in accordance
with the manufacturer’s listed installation and maintenance manual.
A.7.3.3 Regular service contracts with the equipment Manufacturer
or an authorized installation or maintenance Company is recommended

• Monthly - Owner responsibility

• Semi-annually – Distributor maintenance
• Annually – Additional checks
• (12) year - Hydrostatic test requirements/other

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Pre-engineered System – Trained Distributor

DESIGN MUST BE : By a trained and authorized distributor.

• NFPA 17A : Clause 3.3.18 Trained

A person who had undergone the instructions necessary to safety design, install and reliably perform
the maintenance and recharge service in accordance with the manufacturer’s design, installation&
maintenance manual..(Typical product certification valid for 3 years).

• NFPA 17A : Clause 7.3 Maintenance

A Services Technician who perform maintenance on an extinguishing system shall be trained and shall
have passed a written or online test that is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.

• NFPA 17A : Clause 6.2 Review & Certification.

Design & installation of Systems shall be performed only by persons properly trained and qualified to
design and / or install the specific system being provided. The Installer shall provide certification to the
authority having jurisdiction that the installation compiles with the terms listed and the manufacturer’s
instructions and / or approved design.

• NFPA 17A : Clause 6.4.10.3 Return of System to Operation Condition.

The Installation Contractor shall complete and sign an acceptance test report acceptable to the
authority having jurisdiction.

100 Johnson Controls

 Authorized Distributor Obligations

101 Johnson Controls — Confidential Presentation

Back to Building Trust
Reduce the number of fire suppression
deficiencies over time by

• Catching issues that could lead to repairs

• Offering best practices
• Ensure restaurants are doing what they
should be

Prioritize recommended repairs and changes

Determine what restaurants are spending for

fire inspection, repair and maintenance

• Identify spending trends

• Identify areas of leverage / cost reduction

102 Johnson Controls — Confidential. © 2018 Johnson Controls. All rights reserved.
Back to Building Trust
• Prepare an operating budget that
includes all upcoming inspections,
services or repair and maintenance

• Offer standard operating procedures

and policies for all restaurants to
follow

• Keep restaurant personnel informed

of changes in fire protection laws and
operating procedures

• Educate restaurant
management/operators as to how
often something is done and how
something should be done

103 Johnson Controls — Confidential. © 2018 Johnson Controls. All rights reserved.
Be More Than a Service Provider…
• Fire Suppression Specialists can help
leverage Restaurant Fire Protection
for Maximum Safety for customer
employees and customers

• Bring awareness to the actions

taken to reduce fire risk and the
associated costs

104 Johnson Controls — Confidential. © 2018 Johnson Controls. All rights reserved.
105 Johnson Controls —
Any
Questions?
Thank
You.