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Student Details

10481288 10449668 Lab Number 1: Group 1

Student Number

Cabales, Islam Liecell, Kazi Yasin

Family Name Given Name

Unit Details

Unit Code ENS6164 Unit Title Wireless Communication

Name of Lecturer Dr. Iftekhar Ahmad Due Date 05 October 2018

Topic of Assignment Lab Report 1 Group or Tutorial (if applicable)

Course Master of Engineering Campus JO

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Lab 1: Wireless LAN
Implementation
Table of Contents

ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET................................................................................................................ 1

1. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................... 1

2. OBJECTIVE............................................................................................................................................ 1

3. EQUIPMENT......................................................................................................................................... 1

4. PROCEDURE......................................................................................................................................... 1

5. RESULTS............................................................................................................................................... 3

6. DISCUSSION......................................................................................................................................... 5

7. CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................................ 6

REFERENCES................................................................................................................................................. 6
ENS6164 Wireless Communications Liecell Cabales 10481288
Lab 1 Wireless LAN (WAN) Kazi Yasin Islam 10449668

1. Introduction
Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) which mobile users are connecting to
local area network using wireless connection. A group of devices or group computers
are wirelessly connected together using air as medium of transmission by
electromagnetic waves, Bluetooth or infrared. IEEE 802.11 is the group of standards
for WLANs. The standard is using Ethernet protocol and Carrier Sense Multiple
Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA). It is used for path sharing including
encryption method called Wired Equivalent Privacy algorithm. The common
standards are IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11g, and IEEE 802.11b that are operating by
either 5 GHz or 2.4 GHz of frequency bands. Wireless LANs can stand alone known
as the ad-hoc network or it can be connected by wired network using the access
point. Also, WLANs are connected to an Ethernet LAN or connected using a service
provider.

WLAN is small network composed of access points and the stations. The
access points are consider as the base stations while the stations are consider as
clients, can be work stations or personal computers. DCF (distributed coordination
function) and PCF (point coordination function) are both medium access types.
These are used for implementation of Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision
Avoidance (CSMA/CA). DCF is consider as the basis of standard CSMA/CA while
PCF is used in ensuring that medium has no contention. For this experiment, two
scenarios are done the Low Load and High Load. The difference between low load
and high load was discussed and the resulting graphs are also showed.

2. Objective
 Implementing a Wireless LAN using the simulation tool called Riverbed or
Opnet and differentiate the results of High Load and Low Load.

3. Equipment
 Personal or Desktop Computer
 Riverbed or Opnet wireless network simulator

4. Procedure
The actual experiment was started by opening the Riverbed simulator and
ENS6164 Wireless Communications Liecell Cabales 10481288
Lab 1 Wireless LAN (WAN) Kazi Yasin Islam 10449668

starting a new project naming it WLAN. Next is creating an empty scenario entitled
Low Load by using the given parameters of X: 100, Y: 100 and wireless lan adv. This
project needs one WLAN server advance (fix), three WLAN workstation advance
(fix), one application configuration and a profile configuration from the Object Palette.
Then, select the application definition to define the three application such as voice
(IP telephony), video (low resolution video) and internet (heavy browsing). Profile
configuration was also define for these application. Configure the supported profiles
and services by selecting all the workstations. Also, application supported profiles
was configure to support voice, video and internet. From DES, individual statistics
was selected for Global Statistics and Wireless LAN was chosen. The parameters
needed to investigate are Delay, Retransmission Attempts and Throughputs. Run or
configure the event simulator and chose the time you need to run. The results can be
viewed in DES menu by selecting the Results, then View Results.

For part two, create another scenario again entitled High Load using more
nodes and compare the results from Low Load. Select the Scenario menu and
duplicate the scenario. Add six more WLAN workstation advance (fix) and configure.
Run the High Load scenario and compare the results by choosing DES, Results and
Compare Results. Investigate the results of Low Load and High Load.
ENS6164 Wireless Communications Liecell Cabales 10481288
Lab 1 Wireless LAN (WAN) Kazi Yasin Islam 10449668

5. Results
 ENS6164 Wireless Communications Liecell Cabales 10481288
Lab 1 Wireless LAN (WAN) Kazi Yasin Islam 10449668

Low Load WLAN

Figure 1: Delay (sec) Figure 2: Load (bits/sec)

Figure 3: Retransmission Attempts (packets) Figure 4: Throughput (bits/sec)

Figure 5: Combined Results

 ENS6164 Wireless Communications Liecell Cabales 10481288
Lab 1 Wireless LAN (WAN) Kazi Yasin Islam 10449668

Comparison between High Load and Low Load

Figure 6: Comparison of Delay Figure 7: Comparison of Load

6.

Figure 8: Comparison of Retransmission Attempts Figure 9: Comparison of Throughput

Discussion
The experiment shows the comparison between WLAN Low Load and WLAN
High Load with these parameters namely delay, load, retransmission attempts and
throughput. Wireless LAN delay was measured in seconds while load is in bits per
second. For wireless LAN retransmission attempts, it was measured by packets and
throughput measured also in bits per second the same as the load. Differentiating
the results of low load and high load based on this experiment, it shows that high
load scenario has higher delay, higher load and retransmission attempt while for the
throughput high load is lower. For data traffic, it shows that low load traffic is lower
compared to high load. The faster the transmission rate is, the lesser the traffic, also
the throughput is higher.
ENS6164 Wireless Communications Liecell Cabales 10481288
Lab 1 Wireless LAN (WAN) Kazi Yasin Islam 10449668

Based from the comparison of low load and high load graphs, for the x axis
which is the time low load takes more time than the high load. But the throughput of
low load is higher than the high load, meaning low load transmission rate is higher
comparing to the high load according to the observation of the graphs. Also, the rate
of sending the data is important for the good quality service.

However, these parameters can be improved by implementing some

techniques in the network. The performance degradation in the network occurs due
to a higher load since more terminals added to the network increases the probability
of collision of packets. This contributes to a poorer performance in the network in
terms of delay, load, retransmission attempts and throughput. Wu et. al (2002)
proposed in their work a DCF+ (Distributed Coordination Function) technique in the
MAC layer to analyze and improve the network performance in terms of saturated
throughput under high load conditions. The work also provides evidence that this
technique improves the delay in the network (Wu, Peng, Long, Cheng, & Ma, 2002).

Additionally, in their work, Heusse et. al (2005) proposed a novel access

technique termed as ‘Idle Sense’ which offers high throughput, and low collision
rates which improve the network performance as well (Heusse, Rousseau, Guillier, &
Duda, 2005). If these proposed techniques can be applied, the network metrics can
be improved significantly.

7. Conclusion
The first experiment entitled Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)
implementation demonstrated the difference between the two scenarios, the Low
Load and High Load for the four given parameters such as delay which measured in
seconds, load in bits per second, and retransmission attempts in packets and lastly
throughput which measured in bits per second.

Based on the observations of the graph, between low load and high load data
traffic is higher in high load which means that it has slower transmission rate and has
a higher traffic with low throughput. For low load, a lower data traffic will give a faster
transmission rate with high throughput. Transmission rate is very significant as this
rate will define the good quality service. The higher transmission rate is, the better.
ENS6164 Wireless Communications Liecell Cabales 10481288
Lab 1 Wireless LAN (WAN) Kazi Yasin Islam 10449668

References

Heusse, M., Rousseau, F., Guillier, R., & Duda, A. (2005). Idle sense: an optimal
access method for high throughput and fairness in rate diverse wireless
LANs. Paper presented at the ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication
Review.

Wu, H., Peng, Y., Long, K., Cheng, S., & Ma, J. (2002). Performance of reliable
transport protocol over IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN: analysis and
enhancement. Paper presented at the INFOCOM 2002. Twenty-First Annual
Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies.
Proceedings. IEEE.
Tech Target. 2010. Wireless LAN (WLAN or Wireless Local Area Network).
Retrieved from
https://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/definition/wireless-LAN. 02
October 2018

Australian Communication and Media Authority. 2014. Wireless LANs: Fact Sheet.
Retrieved from http://www.acma.gov.au/Citizen/Internet/Internet-
services/Wireless-local-area-networks/wireless-lans-what-and-how-fact-sheet.
01 October 2018

W. Stallings, Wireless Communications and Network, Pearson Education Inc., 2005