Chap 1 : Polynomials

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CHAPTER 2

P olynomials

Exercise 1.1 intersects the x -axis at three points only.

1. The graph of y = p (x) are given in Fig.
below, for some polynomials p (x). Find the
number of zeroes of p (x), in each case.
(iv) Here, the number of zeroes is 2 as the graph
intersects the x -axis at two points only.
(v) Here, the number of zeroes is 4 as the graph
intersects the x -axis at four points only.
(vi) Here, the number of zeroes is 3 as the graph
intersects the x -axis at three points only.

Practice
1. The graph of y = p (x) are given in Fig. below,
for some polynomials p (x) Find the number of
zeroes of p (x), in each case.

(i) (ii)

(iii) (iv)

(v) (vi)

Ans : (i) 2, (ii) 4, (iii) 0, (iv) 6, (v) 1, (vi) 1

Sol :
(i) Here, there are no zeroes as the graph does not
intersect the x -axis.
(ii) Here, the number of zeroes is 1 as the graph
intersects the x -axis at one point only.
(iii) Here, the number of zeroes is 3 as the graph

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Chap 1 : Polynomials Class 10 • Maths • NCERT Solutions


Practice Therefore the zeroes of x2 - 2x - 8 are - 2 and 4.
2. The graph of y = p (x) are given in Fig. below, Now, Sum of the zeroes
for some polynomials p (x) Find the number of
− (− 2)
zeroes of p (x), in each case. = (− 2) + 4 = 2 =
= − Coefficient of 2x
1 Coefficient of x
and product of the zeroes

= (− 2) (4) =− 8 = − 8 = Cons tant term2

1 Coefficient of x
(ii) 4s2 − 4s + 1 = 4s2 − 2s − 2s + 1
= 2s (2s − 1) − 1 (2s − 1)

= (2s − 1) (2s − 1)

Therefore, the value of 4s2 − 4s + 1 will be zero if the

value of (2s - 1) (2s - 1) is zero.
i.e., 2s - 1 = 0 & s = 1
2
Hence the zeroes of 4s2 − 4s + 1 are 1 and 1 .
2 2
Now, sum of the zeroes
− (− 4)
=1+1 =1 =
= − Coefficient of 2s
2 2 4 Coefficient of s
and product of the zeroes

= b 1 lb 1 l = 1 = Constant term2

2 2 4 Coefficient of s
(iii) 6x2 - 3 - 7x = 6x2 − 7x − 3
= 6x2 − 9x + 2x − 3

= 3x (2x − 3) + 1 (2x − 3)

= (3x + 1) (2x − 3)

So, the value of 6x2 - 3 - 7x will be zero if the value

of (3x + 1) (2x − 3) is zero, i.e.,


Ans : (i) 2, (ii) 0, (iii) 1, (iv) 2, (v) 2, (vi) 1
3x + 1 = 0 & x =− 1
3

or 2x - 3 = 0 & x = 3
2

Exercise 1.2 Hence, the zeroes of 6x2 - 3 - 7x are - 1 and 3

3 2
1. Find the zeroes of the following quadratic polynomials Now sum of the zeroes
and verify the relationship between the zeroes and the
− (− 7)
coefficients. =− 1 + 3 = 7 =
= Coefficient of x2
3 2 6 6 Coefficient of x
(i) x2 - 2x - 8 (ii) 4s2 − 4s + 1
and product of the zeroes
(iii) 6x2 - 3 - 7x (iv) 4u2 + 8u
= b− 1 lb 3 l = − 3 = Cons tant term2

(v) t2 - 15 (vi) 3x2 - x - 4 3 2 6 Coefficient of x
(iv) 4u2 + 8u = 4u (u + 2)


Sol :
The value of 4u2 + 8u will be zero if the value of
(i) 2 2
x - 2x - 8 = x + 2x − 4x − 8 4u (u + 2) is zero, i.e.,
= x (x + 2) − 4 (x + 2)
u = 0
= (x − 2) (x − 4)
or u + 2 = 0 & u =− 2
Hence, the zeroes of 4u2 + 8u are 0 and - 2 .
The value of x2 - 2x - 8 will be zero if the value of
Now, sum of the Zeroes
(x + 2) (x − 4) is zero, i.e.,
x + 2 = 0 & x =− 2 = 0 + (− 2) =− 2 = − 8 = − Coefficient of u

4 Coefficient of u2
or x - 4 = 0 & x = 4
and product of the zeroes

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Chap 1 : Polynomials Support Us

= (0) (− 2) = 0 = Cons tant term2

2. Find a quadratic polynomial each with the given
Coefficient of u numbers as the sum and product of its zeroes
respectively.
(v) t2 - 15 = (t − 15 ) (t + 15 )
(i) 1 , - 1 (ii) 2 , 1
4 3
The value of t2 - 15 will be zero if the value of
(t − 15 ) (t + 15 ) is zero. (iii) 0, 5 (iv) 1, 1
i.e., t - 15 = 0 & t = 15
(v) - 1 , 1 (vi) 4, 1
4 4
or t + 15 = 0 & t = − 15

Hence, the zeroes of t2 - 15 are 15 and - 15

Sol :

Now, sum of the zeroes (i) 1 , - 1

4
= 15 + (− 15 ) = 0 = 0 = − Coefficient of 2t
Let the polynomial be ax2 + bx + c and its zeroes be
1 Coefficient of t α and β .
and product of the zeroes Then, α + β = 1 = −b
4 a
= ( 15 ) (− 15 ) =− 15 = − 15 = Cons tant term2
αβ =− 1 = − 4 = c
1 Coefficient of t and
4 α
2 2
(vi) 3x - x - 4 = 3x + 3x − 4x − 4 If α = 4 , b =− 1 and c =− 4 , the quadratic
= 3x (x + 1) − 4 (x + 1)
polynomial will be
= (x + 1) (3x − 4) 4x2 - x - 4 .
2
The value of 3x - x - 4 will be zero if the value of

Alternativ :
(x + 1) (3x − 4) is zero.
x + 1 = 0 & x =− 1 Sum of zeroes = 1
4
or 3x - 4 = 0 & x = 4 Product of zeroes =− 1
3
= k (x2 − sum x + product)
Polynomial
Hence, the zeroes of 3x2 - x - 4 are - 1 and 4 .
3
k bx2 − 1 x + (− 1)l
Now, sum of the zeroes 4

k :x2 - 1 x - 1D = k : 4x − x − 1D
2
- (- 1)
=− 1 + 4 = 1
= − Coeffecient of x2
4 4
3 3 3 Coeffiecient of x
and, product of the zeroes k = (4x2 − x − 1)
4
= (− 1) b 4 l =− 4 = Cons tant term2
= 4x2 − x − 1 (here k = 4 )
3 3 Coefficient of x
(ii) 2 , 1
3


Practice Let the polynomial be zx2 + bx + c and its zeroes be
1. Find the zeroes of the following quadratic α and β .
polynomials and verify the relationship between
the zeroes and the coefficients. Then, α + β = 2 = 3 2 = −b
3 a
(i) x2 - 1 (ii) x2 - 3x - 2
and αβ = 1 = c
(iii) 2x2 + 4x (iv) t2 − 4t + 3 3 a

(v) s2 + s − 2 (vi) t2 - 16 If a = 3 , b =− 3 2 and c = 1, then quadratic

(vii) x2 + 2 2 x − 6 polynomial will be 3x2 − 3 2 x + 1.
(viii) 3 x2 + 10x + 7 3 (iii) 0, 5
(ix) x2 − ( 3 + 1) x + 3 Let the polynomial be ax2 + bx + c and its zeroes be
2 2
(x) a (x + 1) − x (a + 1) α and β .


Ans : (i) 1, - 1 (ii) 1, 2 (iii) 0, - 2 (iv) 1, 3 Then, α + β = 0 = 0 = −b
1 a
(v) - 2, 1 (vi) 4, - 4 (vii) 2 , - 3 2
(viii) - 3 , - 7 (ix) 3 , 1 (x) a, 1 and αβ = 5 = 5 =c
3 a 1 a
If a = 1, b = 0 and c = 5 , the quadratic polynomial
will be x2 − 0x + 5 or x2 + 5 .

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Alternativ :

Practice
Sum of zeroes = 0 1. Find a quadratic polynomial each with the
given numbers as the sum and product of its
Product of zeroes = 5
zeroes respectively.
Polynomial = k ^x − sum x + producth
2
(i) 2, - 3 (ii) 3 , - 3
= k [x2 − 0x + 5 ] = k (x2 + 5) (iii) 0, 2 (iv) - 3, - 2
Here let k=1 (v) 4, 4 (vi) 1 , 1
2 3
then polynomial will be x2 + 5
(vii) 3 , 1 (vii) 5, 1
2
(iv) 1, 1 (ix) 2, 2 (x) 0, 3

Let the polynomial be ax2 + bx + c and its zeroes be (xi) 1 , - 3 (xii) - 1 , 1

2 3 3
α and β .

Ans : (i) x2 + x − 6 (ii) x2 - 3 (iii) x2 - 2x
− (− 1) (iv) x2 + 5x + 6 (v) x2 − 8x + 16
Then, α + β = 1 = = −b (vi) 6x2 − 5x + 1 (vii)
1 a
2x2 − (2 3 + 1) x + 2
and αβ = 1 = 1 = c (viii) x2 − 6x + 5 (ix) x2 − 4x + 4 (x)
1 a
If a = 1 b =− 1 and c = 1 then quadratic polynomial x2 - 3 x
(xi) 2x2 + 5x − 3 (xii) 9x2 - 1
will be x2 − 4x + 1.

(v) - 1 , 1
4 4
Let the polynomial be ax2 + bx + c and its zeroes be
α and β .
Then, α + β =− 1 = − b
Exercise 1.3
4 a
1. Divide the polynomial p (x) by the polynomial g (x)
and αβ = 1 = c and find the quotient and remainder in each of the
4 a
following :
If a = 4 , b = 1 and c = 1, then the quadratic (i) p (x) = x3 − 3x2 5x − 3 , g (x) = x2 − 2
polynomial will be 4x2 + x + 1 (ii) p (x) = x 4 − 3x2 + 4x + 5 , g (x) = x2 + 1 − x
(vi) 4, 1 (iii) p (x) = x 4 − 5x + 6 , g (x) = 2 − x2

Let the polynomial be ax2 + bx + c and its zeroes be

Sol :
α and β .
(i) p (x) = x3 − 3x2 5x − 3 , g (x) = x2 − 2
Then, α + β = 4 = −b
a We have p (x) = x3 − 3x2 + 5x − 3

and αβ = 1 = 1 = c and g (x) = x2 − 2

1 a Let the quotient be q (x) and the remainder be r (x).
If a = 1, b =− 4 and c = 1, then the quadratic Then by Euclid’s Division Algorithm,
polynomial will be x2 − 4x + 1. p (x) = g (x) $ q (x) + r (x)


Alternativ : p (x) r (x)
q (x) = −
g (x) g (x)
Sum of zeroes = 4 , product of zeroes = 1
3 2 r (x)
= k [x2 − sum x + product]
polynomial = x − 3x2 + 5x − 3 − 2
x −2 x −2

g
x−3
= k [x2 − 4x + 1]
2 3 2
x − 2 x − 3x + 5x − 3
= x2 − 4x + 1 [here let k = 1]
x3 − 2x
2
− 3x + 7x − 3
− 3x2 +6
7x − 9 = Remainder
Quotient q (x) = x − 3
Remainder r (x) = 7x − 9
(ii) p (x) = x − 3x2 + 4x + 5 , g (x) = x2 + 1 − x
4

We have p (x) = x 4 − 3x2 + 4x + 5

g (x) = x2 + 1 − x x2 − x + 1

Let the quotient be q (x) and the remainder be r (x).

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Chap 1 : Polynomials Support Us
Then by Euclid’s Division Algorithm,

Practice
p (x) = g (x) $ q (x) + r (x) 1. Divide the polynomial p (x) by the polynomial
g (x) and find the quotient and remainder in
p (x) r (x)
q (x) = − each of the following :
g (x) g (x)
(i) p (x) = x3 − 6x2 + 11x − 6 , g (x) = x2 + x + 1
4 2 r (x) (ii) p (x) = 10x 4 + 17x3 − 62x2 + 30x − 3 ,
= x − 32 x + 4x + 5 − 2

x −x+1 x −x+1 g (x) = 2x2 + 7x + 1
(iii) p (x) = 4x3 − 8x + 8x2 + 7 , g (x) = 2x2 − x + 1
r (x)
= x2 + x − 3 −


Ans : (i) x - 7 , 17x + 1 (ii) 5x2 - 9x - 2 ,
x2 − x + 1
53x - 1 (iii) 2x + 5 , 11x + 2

g
x2 + x − 3 2. Divide the polynomial p (x) by the polynomial
x − x + 1 x 4 − 3x2 + 4x + 5
2
g (x) and find the quotient and remainder in
x 4 − x3 + x2 each of the following :
− x3 − 4x2 + 4x (i) p (x) = 15x3 − 20x2 + 13x − 12 ,
g (x) = 2 − 2x + x2
− x3 + x2 + x (ii) p (x) = 14x3 − 5x2 + 9x − 1,
− 3x2 + 3x + 5 g (x) = 2x − 1
− 3x2 + 3x − 3 (iii) p (x) = 6x3 + 11x2 − 39x − 65 ,
g (x) = x2 − 1 + x
8 = Remainder


Ans : (i) 15x + 10 , 3x - 32 (ii) 7x2 + x + 5 , 4
Quotient q (x) = x2 + x − 3 (iii) 6x + 5 , - 38x - 60
and Remainder r (x) = 8
(iii) p (x) = x 4 − 5x + 6 , g (x) = 2 − x2
2. Check whether the first polynomial is a factor of the
We have p (x) = x 4 − 5x + 6 second polynomial by dividing the second polynomial
g (x) = 2 − x2 by the first polynomial :
(i) t2 - 3 , 2t 4 + 3t3 − 2t2 − 9t − 12
Let the quotient be q (x) and the remainder be r (x).
Then by Euclid’s Division Algorithm, (ii) x2 + 3x + 1, 3x 4 + 5x3 − 7x2 + 2x + 2
p (x) = g (x) $ q (x) + r (x) (iii) x3 − 3x + 1, x5 − 4x3 + x2 + 3x + 1
p (x) r (x)
q (x) = −

Sol :
g (x) g (x)
4
6 − r (x) (i) t2 - 3 , 2t 4 + 3t3 − 2t2 − 9t − 12
= x − 5x +
Dividing 2t 4 + 3t3 − 2t2 − 9t − 12 by t2 - 3 we have
2 − x2 2 − x2

g
4 r (x) 2t2 + 3t + 4
= x − 52 x + 6 −
t − 3 2t 4 + 3t3 − 2t2 − 9t − 12
2
−x + 2 − x2 + 2
r (x) 2t 4 − 6t2
=− x2 − 2 −
− x2 + 2 3t3 + 4t2 − 9t − 12

g
− x2 − 2 3t3 − 9t
2 4
2 − x x − 5x + 6 2
4t − 12
x 4 − 2x 2 2
4t − 12
2x 2 − 5x + 6 0
2x2 −4 Since, the remainder is zero. Therefore r2 - 3 is a
− 5x + 10 = Remainder factor of the polynomial 2t 4 + 3t3 − 2t2 − 9t − 12
Hence, quotient q (x) =− x2 − 2
(ii) x2 + 3x + 1, 3x 4 + 5x3 − 7x2 + 2x + 2
and remainder r (x) =− 5x + 10 Dividing 3x 4 + 5x3 − 7x2 + 2x + 2 by x2 + 3x + 1

g
3x2 − 4x + 2
x + 3x + 1 3x 4 + 5x3 − 7x2 + 2x + 2
2

3x 4 + 9x3 + 3x2
− 4x3 − 10x2 + 2x
− 4x3 − 12x2 − 4x
2x2 + 6x + 2
2x2 + 6x + 2
0
Since the remainder is zero. Therefore x2 + 3x + 1 is a
factor of the polynomial 3x 4 + 5x3 − 7x2 + 2x + 2 .

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Chap 1 : Polynomials Class 10 • Maths • NCERT Solutions
3 5 3 2
(iii) x − 3x + 1, x − 4x + x + 3x + 1 = (3x2 − 5) (x2 + 2x + 1)

Dividing x5 − 4x3 + x2 + 3x + 1 by x3 − 3x + 1 Now, x2 + 2x + 1 = x2 + x + x + 1

g
x2 − 1 = x (x + 1) + 1 (x + 1)

x − 3x + 1 x5 − 4x3 + x2 + 3x + 1
3
= (x + 1) (x + 1)

x 5 − 3x 3 + x 2
Therefore its other zeroes will be - 1 and - 1. Thus,
− x3 + 3x + 1 all the zeroes of the bi-quadratic polynomial will be
− x3 + 3x − 1 5 , - 5 , - 1 and - 1.
3 3
2
Here, the remainder is 2 (! 0). Therefore x3 − 3x + 1


Practice
is not a factor of the polynomial x5 − 4x3 + x2 + 3x + 1.
1. Obtain all other zeroes of 2x 4 − 2x3 − 7x2 + 3x + 6
, if two its zeroes are - 3 and 3
2 2


Practice

Ans : 2, - 1
1. Check whether the first polynomial is a factor
of the second polynomial by dividing the second 2. Obtain all other zeroes of x 4 − 3x3 − x2 + 9x − 6 ,
polynomial by the first polynomial : if two of its zeroes are - 3 and 3
(i) x2 + 3x + 1, 3x 4 + 5x3 − 7x + 2x + 2

Ans : 1, 2
(ii) 2x2 − x + 3 , 6x5 − x 4 + 4x3 − 5x2 − x − 15
(iii) x - 1, x3 − 6x2 + 11x + 6


Ans : (i) Yes, (ii) Yes, (iii) No. 4. On dividing x3 − 3x2 + x + 2 by a polynomial g (x),
2. Check whether the first polynomial is a factor the quotient and remainder were x - 2 and − 2x + 4 ,
of the second polynomial by dividing the second respectively. Find g (x).
polynomial by the first polynomial :
(i) x2 + 2x − 3 , x 4 + 2x3 − 2x2 + x − 1

Sol :
(ii) x2 − 4x + 3 , x 4 + 2x3 − 13x2 − 12x + 21 Dividing the polynomial x3 − 3x2 + x + 2 by a
(iii) x2 - 3 , x 4 − 3x3 − x2 + 9x − 6 polynomial g (x), the quotient (x - 2) and the


Ans : (i) No, (ii) No, (iii) Yes. remainder (− 2x + 4) are obtained.
= Divisor # Quotient + Remainder
Dividend
or (x − 2) # g (x) + (− 2x + 4)
3. Obtain all other zeroes of 3x 4 + 6x3 − 2x2 − 10x − 5 , if
two of its zeroes are 5 and - 5 . = x3 − 3x2 + x + 2

3 3
(x - 2) # g (x) = x3 − 3x2 + x + 2 + 2x − 4


Sol : 3 2
g (x) = x − 3x + 3x − 2
Since two zeroes are 5 and - 5, x−2
3 3
therefore Now, dividing the polynomial x3 − 3x2 + 3x − 2 by
x-2
bx - 3l b 3l
g
5 and x + 5 will be the factors of the x2 − x + 1
x − 2 x3 − 3x2 + 3x − 2
given polynomial.
x3 − 2x2
bx − 3 lb 3l
Now, 5 x+ 5 = x2 − 5 = 3x2 − 5
3 3 − x2 + 3x − 2
− x2 + 2x
= 1 (3x2 − 5)

3 x−2
(3x2 - 5) will be a factor of the given polynomial. x−2
Dividing the polynomial 3x 4 + 6x3 − 2x2 − 10x − 5 by 0
3x2 - 5
Hence, g (x) = x2 − x + 1 is obtained.

g
2
x + 2x + 1
3x2 − 5 3x 4 + 6x3 − 2x2 − 10x − 5


Practice
3x 4 − 5x2 1. On dividing ax 4 − 4x2 + 4 by a polynomial g (x)
6x3 + 3x2 − 10x − 5 , the quotient and remainder were 3x2 - x and
6x3 − 10x − x + 4 , respectively. Find g (x).
2

Ans : 3x2 + x − 1
3x −5
3x 2
−5 2. On dividing 6x3 + 11x2 − 39x − 65 by a
polynomial g (x), the quotient and remainder
0 were 6x + 5 and - 38x - 60 respectively. Find
g (x).
Hence, 3x 4 + 6x3 − 2x2 − 10x − 5

Ans : x2 + x − 1

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5. Given example of polynomials p (x), g (x), q (x) and Now dividing x3 + 2 by x2 − x + 1
r (x), which satisfy the division algorithm and

g
x+1
(i) deg p (x) = deg q (x)
x2 − x + 1 x3 + 2
(ii) deg q (x) = deg r (x) x3 − x2 + x
(iii) deg r (x) = 0 x2 − x + 2
x2 − x + 1


Sol : 1
(i) deg p (x) = deg q (x)
We require p (x) and q (x) such that deg By division algorithm
p (x) = deg q (x) x3 + 2 = (x2 − x + 1) (x + 1) + 1

Then, deg p (x) = deg q (x) p (x) = g (x) $ q (x) + r (x)

The degree of g (x) must be zero. Also deg r (x) = 0
2
Let, p (x) = 5x − 5x + 10
g (x) = 5

Practice
2 1. Given example of polynomials p (x), g (x), q (x)
q (x) = x − x + 2
and r (x), which satisfy the division algorithm
r (x) = 0 and
(i) deg p (x) = deg q (x)

g
x2 − x + 2 (ii) deg q (x) = deg r (x)
5 5x2 − 5x + 10 (iii) deg r (x) = 0
5x 2

Ans :
− 5x + 10 (i) p (x) = 3x2 − 3x + 12 , q (x) = x2 + x + 4 ,
− 5x g (x) = 3 , r (x) = 0
10 (ii) p (x) = 5x3 − 10x + 26 , g (x) = x3 − 2x + 5 ,
− 10 q (x) = 5 , r (x) = 1
0 (iii) p (x) = 3x2 − x3 − 3x + 5 , g (x) = x − 1 − x2 ,
q (x) = x − 2 , r (x) = 3
By division algorithm,
5x2 − 5x + 10 = 5 (x2 − x + 2) + 0
p (x) = g (x) $ q (x) + r (x)
Hence, deg p (x) = deg q (x) = 2
(ii) deg q (x) = deg r (x) Exercise 1.4
We have deg q (x) = deg r (x)
1. Verify that the numbers given alongside of the cubic
p (x) = g (x) $ q (x) + r (x) polynomials below are their zeroes. Also verify the
Degree of p (x) must be equal to the sum of degree of relationship between the zeroes and the coefficients
g (x) and degree of q (x). in each case :
Suppose p (x) − 7x3 − 42x + 53 (i) 2x3 + x2 − 5x + 2 , 1 , 1, - 2
2
g (x) = x3 − 6x + 7 (ii) x3 − 4x2 + 5x − 2 ; 2, 1, 1
q (x) = 7


Sol :
r (x) = 4
(i) 2x3 + x2 − 5x + 2 , 1 , 1, - 2

g
7 2
x3 − 6x + 7 7x3 − 42x + 53 Comparing the given polynomial with the polynomial
ax3 + bx2 + cx + d , we get
7x3 − 42x + 49
4 a = 2 b = 1, c =− 5 and d = 2
By division algorithm,
Then, p b 1 l = 2 b 1 l + b 1 l + b 1 l − 5 b 1 l + 2
3 3 2

3 3
7x − 42x + 53 = 7 (x − 6x + 7) + 4 2 2 2 2 2

So degree of q (x) = 0 = 1 + 1 −5+2

4 4 2
(iii) deg r (x) = 0
= 1 + 1 − 10 + 8 = 0 = 0

We have deg r (x) = 0 4 4
Let, p (x) = x3 + 2 p (1) = 2 (1) 3 + (1) 2 + 5 (1) + 2
and g (x) = x2 − x + 1 = 2+1−5+2 = 0

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Chap 1 : Polynomials Class 10 • Maths • NCERT Solutions
3 2
p (- 2) = 2 (− 2) + (− 2) − 5 (− 2) + 2

Practice
= 2 (− 8) + 4 + 10 + 2
1. Verify that the numbers given alongside of the
cubic polynomials below are their zeroes. Also
=− 16 + 16 = 0 verify the relationship between the zeroes and
1
Therefore, , 1 and - 2 are the zeroes of the given the coefficients in each case :
2 (i) x3 - x2 - 10x - 8 ; - 1, - 2 , 4
polynomial 2x3 + x2 − 5x + 2 i.e.,
(ii) 4x3 − 11x2 + 5x + 2 ; - 1 , 1, 2
α = 1 , β = 1 and γ =− 2 4
2
Verification :
2. Find a cubic polynomial with the sum, sum of the
α + β + γ = 1 + 1 + (− 2)
2 product of its zeroes taken two at a time, and the
product of its zeroes as 2, - 7 , - 14 respectively.
= 1 + 2 − 4 =− 1 = − b

2 2 a


Sol :
αβ + βγ + γα = b 1 l (1) + (1) (− 2) + (− 2) b 1 l Let a cubic polynomial be ax3 + bx2 + cx + d and its
2 2
zeroes are α , β and γ . Then
= 1−2−1 = 1−4−2
− (− 2)
2 2 α + β + γ = 2 = = −b
1 a
= −5 = c

2 a αβ + βγ + γα =− 7 = − 7 = c
1 a
and αβγ = 1 # 1 # − 2 =− 1
2 and αβγ =− 14 = − 14 = − d
1 a
= −2 = −d
If a = 1
2 a
Hence verified. The relationship between the zeroes Then, b =− 2
and the coefficient is correct. c =− 7
3 2
(ii) x − 4x + 5x − 2 ; 2, 1, 1 and d = 14
Comparing the given polynomial with ax3 + bx2 + cx + d Thus the polynomial is x3 − 2x2 − 7x + 14
, a = 1, b =− 4 , c = 5 and d =− 2
p (2) = (2) 3 − 4 (2) 2 + 5 (2) − 2

Practice
= 8 − 16 + 10 − 2 = 0
1. Find a cubic polynomial with the sum, sum of
the product of its zeroes taken two at a time,
p (1) = (1) 3 − 4 (1) 2 + 5 (1) − 2
and the product of its zeroes as 12, 39, 28
= 1−4+5−2 = 0 respectively.
2, 1 and 1 are the zeroes of the polynomial

Ans : x3 − 12x2 + 39x − 28
x3 − 4x2 + 5x − 2 2. Find a cubic polynomial with the sum, sum of
So, α = 2 , β = 1 and γ = 1 the product of its zeroes taken two at a time, and
Verification : the product of its zeroes as 3, 5, 3 respectively.
α + β + γ = 2 + 1 + 1 = 4

Ans : x3 − 3x2 + 5x − 3
− (− 4)
=
= −b
1 a
3. If the zeroes of the polynomial x3 − 3x2 + x + 1 are
αβ + βγ + γα = (2) (1) + (1) (1) + (1) (2) a - b , a , a + b find a and b .
= 2+1+2 = 5 = 5 = c

1 a

Sol :
and αβγ = (2) (1) (1) = 2 (a - b), a (a + b) are the zeroes of the polynomial
− (− 2) x3 − 3x2 + x + 1.
=
= −d
1 a Therefore,
Hence verified. Therefore the above relationship of the − (− 3)
(a − b) + a + (a − b) = =3
zeroes of the polynomial with its coefficient is correct. 1

α + β + γ =− b
a
3a = 3
a = 1

(a − b) a + a (a + b) + (a + b) (a − b) = 1 = 1
1
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Chap 1 : Polynomials Support Us

αβ + βr + rα = c

Practice
a
1. If two zeroes of the polynomial
a2 − ab + a2 + ab + a2 − b2 = 1 2x 4 + 7x3 − 19x2 − 14x + 30 are 2 , and - 2
find other zeroes.
3a2 - b2 = 1


Ans : - 5, 3
3 (1) 2 - b2 = 1 [a a = 1] 2
2. If two zeroes of the polynomial
2
3 - b = 1 x 4 + x3 − 34x2 − 4x + 120 are 2 and - 2 , find
b2 = 2 & b = ! 2 other zeroes.


Ans : 5, - 6
Hence, a = 1 and b = ! 2

Practice 5. If the polynomial x 4 − 6x3 + 16x2 − 25x + 10 is divided

1. If the zeroes of the polynomial by another polynomial x2 − 2x + k , the remainder
2x3 − 15x2 + 37x − 30 are a - b , a , a + b find a comes out to be x + a , find k and a .
and b .


Ans : a = 5 , b = ! 1

Sol :
2 2
2. If the zeroes of the polynomial x3 − 6x2 + 11x + 6 Dividing the polynomial x 4 − 6x3 + 16x2 − 25x + 10 by
are a - b , a , a + b find a and b . the polynomial x2 − 2x + k


Ans : a = 2 , b = ! 1
g
x2 − 4x + (8 − k)
x2 − 2x + k x 4 − 6x3 + 16x2 − 25x + 10
x 4 − 2x3 + kx2
4. If two zeroes of the polynomial
− 4x3 + (16 − k) x2 − 25x + 10
x 4 − 6x3 − 26x2 + 138x − 35 are 2 ! 3 , find other 3 2
zeroes. − 4x + 8x − 4kx
2
(8 − k) x + (4k − 25) x + 10


Sol : 2
(8 − k) x − 2 (8 − k) x + (8 − k) k
Two zeroes of the polynomial (2k − 9) x − (8 − k) k + 10

p (x) = x 4 − 6x3 − 26x2 + 138x − 35 = (2k − 9) x − (8 − k) k + 10

Remainder
are 2 ! 3 But remainder = x + a
Therefore, x = 2 ! 3 Therefore, comparing the coefficients we have

x - 2 = ! 3 2x - 9 = 1
Squaring both sides, 2k = 10 & k = 5
2
x − 4x + 4 = 3 and − (8 − k) k + 10 = a
2
x − 4x + 1 = 0 a = − (8 − 5) 5 + 10
Now let us divide the polynomial p (x) by x2 − 4x + 1 = − 3 # 5 + 10 = − 15 + 10

so that other zeroes may be obtained.

g
x2 − 2x − 35 =− 5

x − 4x + 1 x 4 − 6x3 − 26x2 + 138x − 35
2
Hence k = 5 and a =− 5
x 4 − 4x3 + x2
− 2x3 − 27x2 + 138x − 35


Practice
− 2x3 + 8x2 − 2x 1. If the polynomial 6x 4 + 8x3 + 17x2 + 21x + 7 is
− 35x2 + 140x − 35 divided by another polynomial 3x2 + 4x + 1, the
remainder comes out to be ax + b , find a and b .
− 35x2 + 140x − 35


Ans : a = 1, b = 2
0
2. If the polynomial 8x 4 + 14x3 − 2x2 + 7x − 8 is
p (x) = x 4 − 6x3 − 26x2 + 138x − 35 divided by another polynomial 4x2 + 3x + k , the
= (x2 − 4x + 1) (x2 − 2x − 35)
remainder comes out to 14x + a , find k and a .
= (x2 − 4x + 1) (x2 − 7x + 5x − 35)


Ans : k = − 2 , a =− 10

= (x2 − 4x + 1) [x (x − 7) + 5 (x − 7)]


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= (x2 − 4x + 1) (x + 5) (x − 7)

(x + 5) and (x - 7) will be the other factors. Hence - 5

and 7 will be the other zeroes.

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