Microprocessor Lab: Report #1

Instructor: Dr. Joseph Massoud

Done by: Omar Al-Khatib
ID : 201800225
Topic: Introduction to Microprocessor
  Input8
 Input7
 Input6
 Input5
 Input4
 Input3
 Input2
 Input1
 Input0
 Output8
 Output7
 Output6
 Output5

 Output1  Output4
 Output2  Output5

PIC 16 F877A

Historical Review of Control:

Manual Mechanical Electromechanical
Electronics Gates Microprocessor
1. Mechanical: hydraulics, valves, pumps, gears, pistons,…
2. Electromechanical: Relay…
3. Electronics: diodes, transistors……
4. Microprocessor: Microcontroller, logic gates….
Advantages of Microcontrollers:
1. Size (dimensions): smaller in size
2. Accuracy, features,effieciency,speed, time.
3. Low power consumption.
4. Low cost.
5. Easy trouble shooting.

Schema of a Microcontroller:

Program
Control Unit memory

Data
ALU
Memory
Arithmetic & =y
logic unit

I/O INPUTS
Interface

OUTPUTS
• CU: control unit is the brain of the microprocessor (MP)
it reads the codes and gives instructions (orders) to the
ALU.
• Program memory: erasable programmable, ROM read
only memory used to save in the program to be
executed by the MP, it is used to read only so it cannot
be overwritten it is non-volatile and has sequential
access the data inside the memory is represented in
binary form.
• Data memory: Read-write, volatile RAM random access
memory it is totally controlled by the MP it can be read
from, written on at any time by the MP it is used by the
MP to save in temporary values and variables obtained
during calculation and execution of the program.

General Flowchart of MP
Fetching instruction into program memory

Incrementing PC register

Decoding instruction

Executing the command