Indian Education Society’s

Management College and Research Centre, Mumbai

(FINAL EXAMINATION)

Date : 19/04/2017 Day: Wednesday Time: 10.30 am To 01.30 pm Duration: 3 Hrs.

Course : PGDM-1st Year Term: III Sub: Research Methodology Max. Marks: 60
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Instructions: 1) Question No. 1 is Compulsory.
2) Attempt any other FOUR .
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Q.1. a) Define research and state objectives of conducting it. What are the applications of research in various
fields of management? (6)
b) A program at a local high school is designed to reduce illegal drug use among adolescents. The
school board has asked a researcher to evaluate the effectiveness of the program. What type of research
is this? Explain your answer. (3)
c) Classify the following research proposals into one of the following research categories – Exploratory,
Descriptive or Explanatory (3)
i. The Chief Probation Officer wants to know basic information about the probationers, such as
age, gender, criminal history and length of probation.
ii. A study that attempts to explain why pedestrians exhibit unsafe behaviour and seeks to find
causes that are associated with the behavior.
iii. A Manufacturer wants to understand whether advanced technologies like driverless cars or
super-fast vacuum trains are the answer to the environmental crisis?

Q.2. a) Why do we measure variables? What purpose it serves in empirical research? (3)

b) How can one quantify the qualitative variables? Please explain by giving an example related to the
consumers. (3)
c) What are hypothesis? Differentiate between a null and alternative hypothesis? (3)

d) Describe situations in which different type of t-test are applied. (3)

Q.3. a) Identify the problem, evolve a conceptual model and develop two hypotheses for the scenario below.
(10)
Incidence of smoking in movies has started to increase again, after having declined for several decades.
According to the National Cancer Institute smoking is seen in at least three out of four contemporary
box-office hits. What’s more, identifiable cigarette brands appeared in about one-third of all movies in
2008. Exposure to smoking in movies is an important predictor of adolescent smoking initiation:
smoking in movies has been shown to affect adolescents’ intentions to start smoking. In turn, the
intentions to start smoking are determined by a more positive attitude toward smoking after seeing a
film character smoke. Recent research has revealed that the relationship between seeing a film
character smoke and the attitude toward smoking is stronger when a person’s identification with a film
character increases. These findings are consistent with social learning theory, which predicts that
attitudes and behaviors are modeled by observing the behaviors of others.

b) Develop a graph, table or other visual representation that communicates the following research
finding: (2)
Before they are caught and convicted for their first offense, 60 percent of all offenders commit five or more
offenses; 20 percent commit from three to five offenses; 15 percent commit two offenses; and 5 percent
commit only one offense.

Q.4. Networking sites have evolved from a virtual community interaction. A research study has been
undertaken to study the usage pattern of social networking sites. The study is intended to provide
empirical and conceptual insight into the emerging phenomenon of social networking sites usage by
outlining social networking sites usage patterns and assess the impact on users by usage of social
networking sites on their awareness. (12)
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 a) In order to conduct the study, design a questionnaire for the above phenomenon.
b) Prepare a coding plan to enter the data collected in the study and used for data entry into SPSS file

Q.5. a) Why do exploratory research designs rely so much on qualitative research techniques? A packaged
goods manufacturer receives many thousands of customer letters a year. Some are complaints and
some are compliments. They cover a broad range of topics. Are these letters a possible source for
exploratory research? Why or why not? (6)

b) A manufacturer desires to know the customer preference for packaging his product. Four different
package designs are available. A random sample of 113 customers gave the information that is shown in
the following table. Find out whether there is significant preference among the four categories. (6)
Package
Observed N Expected N Residual Test Statistics
1 30 28.2 1.8 Package
2 36 28.2 7.8 Chi-Square 3.991a
3 25 28.2 -3.2 df 3
4 22 28.2 -6.2 Asymp. Sig. .262
Total 113

Q.6. A Professor at a management institute believes that the amount of time a student spends on reading is a
fairly accurate predictor of overall performance at the trimester exam. To test this hypothesis, the
professor conducted a study using 10 students from the institute. The students were asked about the
CGPA (9 Outstanding------ 4 fail) which they scored in the trimester and the average amount of time
spent per week for reading their subjects. From the below tables, find out (12 Marks)
a. What are the different variables and how we can classify them as independent variable and
dependent variable?
b. Comment on the model summary?
c. What is the regression equation relating CGPA and average amount of time spent per week for
reading their subjects?
d. If Luke spent 50 hours per week for reading his subjects, what would be his CGPA score?
e. Do you think that CGPA and average amount of time spent per week for reading their subjects have
only linear relationship? Write the quadratic equation for the CGPA with average amount of time
spent per week?
f. What do you conclude about whether average amount of time spent per week predicts CGPA score
after incorporating the curvilinear component?

Descriptive Statistics

Mean Std. Deviation N

CGPA 7.10 1.792 10
Time 19.70 5.658 10

Model Summary
Change Statistics
R Adjusted R Std. Error of the R Square F Sig. F
Model R Square Square Estimate Change Change df1 df2 Change
a
1 .825 .681 .641 1.073 .681 17.079 1 8 .003

ANOVA
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
a
1 Regression 19.681 1 19.681 17.079 .003
Residual 9.219 8 1.152
Total 28.900 9

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 Coefficients
Standardized
Unstandardized Coefficients Coefficients
Model B Std. Error Beta t Sig.
1 (Constant) 1.951 1.291 1.511 .169
Time .261 .063 .825 4.133 .003

Model Summary and Parameter Estimates

Model Summary Parameter Estimates
Equation R Square F df1 df2 Sig. Constant b1 b2
Linear .681 17.079 1 8 .003 1.951 .261
Quadratic .725 9.241 2 7 .011 -1.074 .596 -.009

Correlations

CGPA Time Time2

Pearson Correlation CGPA 1.000 .825 .768
Time .825 1.000 .981
Time2 .768 .981 1.000
Sig. (1-tailed) CGPA . .002 .005
Time .002 . .000
Time2 .005 .000 .
N CGPA 10 10 10
Time 10 10 10
Time2 10 10 10

Model Summary
Change Statistics
R Adjusted R Std. Error of the R Square F Sig. F
Model R Square Square Estimate Change Change df1 df2 Change
a
1 .852 .725 .647 1.065 .725 9.241 2 7 .011

ANOVA
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
a
Regression 20.961 2 10.481 9.241 .011
1
Residual 7.939 7 1.134
Total 28.900 9

Coefficients
Standardized
Unstandardized Coefficients Coefficients
Model B Std. Error Beta t Sig.
1 (Constant) -1.074 3.122 -.344 .741
Time .596 .322 1.883 1.855 .010
Time2 -.009 .008 -1.079 -1.062 .323

Q.7. Malhotra Spices Company came into operation in 1960 and has its operations in all of the country. It
was in the business of manufacturing and selling spices suitable for the Indian kitchen. The spices were
packed into tetra packs containing spices in different quantities like 100, 150, 200, 250 and 500gm. Mr.
Malhotra, Chairman of Malhotra Spices was wondering whether they should change the packaging from
tetra pack to plastic or glass bottle packaging. Before taking the final decision, as an experiment, the
company introduced three types of packaging – plastic, glass bottles and tetra packs for the NCR
market. They wanted to observe the sale of spies for the three types of packaging. Mr. Malhotra younger
brother told him that it is not only the type of packaging that influenced the sales but also external
factors like the size of the store selling the spices.
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 Type of packaging – 1=Plastic, 2 = Glass, 3 = Tetrapacks
Type of Store – 1 = Large Store, 2 = Medium Store, 3 = Small Store

a) Examine whether the type of packaging has any effect on the sales volume. If a significant difference
exists, carry out further analysis. Write the summary of your findings. (6)

b) Examine whether size of the store and an interaction of size of the store and packaging has an impact
on the volume of sales. (6)

Descriptives
Sales (in Rs. Lakhs)
95% Confidence Interval for
Mean
N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Lower Bound Upper Bound Minimum Maximum
Plastic 10 132.00 12.728 4.025 122.89 141.11 110 150
Glass 10 104.40 9.755 3.085 97.42 111.38 90 125
Tetra packs 10 118.30 9.581 3.030 111.45 125.15 105 130
Total 30 118.23 15.480 2.826 112.45 124.01 90 150

Test of Homogeneity of Variances

Sales (in Rs. Lakhs)
Levene
Statistic df1 df2 Sig.
.867 2 27 .432
ANOVA
Sales (in Rs. Lakhs)
Sum of
Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 3808.867 2 1904.433 16.373 .000
Within Groups 3140.500 27 116.315
Total 6949.367 29
Multiple Comparisons
Sales (in Rs. Lakhs)
Bonferroni
Mean 95% Confidence Interval
(I) Type of (J) Type of Difference (I-
Packaging Packaging J) Std. Error Sig. Lower Bound Upper Bound
Plastic Glass 27.600* 4.823 .000 15.29 39.91
Tetra packs 13.700* 4.823 .025 1.39 26.01
Glass Plastic -27.600* 4.823 .000 -39.91 -15.29
Tetra packs -13.900* 4.823 .023 -26.21 -1.59
Tetra packs Plastic -13.700* 4.823 .025 -26.01 -1.39
Glass 13.900* 4.823 .023 1.59 26.21
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
Value Label N
Type of Store 1 Large Store 12
2 Medium Store 9
3 Small Store 9

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Type of Packaging 1 Plastic 10
2 Glass 10
3 Tetra packs 10
Descriptive Statistics
Dependent Variable:Sales (in Rs. Lakhs)
Type of
Type of Store Packaging Mean Std. Deviation N
Large Store Plastic 131.25 9.430 4
Glass 99.75 8.655 4
Tetra packs 117.00 9.899 4
Total 116.00 15.886 12
Medium Store Plastic 135.00 21.794 3
Glass 108.33 14.434 3
Tetra packs 118.33 12.583 3
Total 120.56 18.615 9
Small Store Plastic 130.00 10.000 3
Glass 106.67 5.774 3
Tetra packs 120.00 10.000 3
Total 118.89 12.693 9
Total Plastic 132.00 12.728 10
Glass 104.40 9.755 10
Tetra packs 118.30 9.581 10
Total 118.23 15.480 30
Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
Dependent Variable:Sales (in Rs. Lakhs)
Type III Sum
Source of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Corrected Model 4013.867a 8 501.733 3.589 .009
Intercept 413478.828 1 413478.828 2.958E3 .000
store 112.256 2 56.128 .402 .674
packaging 3623.066 2 1811.533 12.959 .000
store * packaging 92.744 4 23.186 .166 .003
Error 2935.500 21 139.786
Total 426323.000 30
Corrected Total 6949.367 29
a. R Squared = .578 (Adjusted R Squared = .417)

Q.8. a) Three hundred and sixty four male and female subjects completed a personality inventory
comprising a self-esteem, optimism and hope scale. The researcher is aware that these scales are sub-
scales are highly correlated. From the below tables (8)
a. Check for violations of assumptions.
b. Determine whether gender difference exist across the combination scales
Between-Subjects Factors
Value Label N
gender 1 female 184
2 male 180

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Descriptive Statistics
gender Mean Std. Deviation N
hope female 29.5598 3.93898 184
male 28.6444 4.30230 180
Total 29.1071 4.14238 364
esteem female 31.6467 2.92720 184
male 31.0500 3.20488 180
Total 31.3516 3.07795 364
optimism female 25.4728 2.67743 184
male 25.3722 3.23222 180
Total 25.4231 2.96111 364

Levene's Test of Equality of Error Variancesa

F df1 df2 Sig.
hope .319 1 362 .572
esteem 2.330 1 362 .128
optimism 5.605 1 362 .018

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Dependen Type III Sum
Source t Variable of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Corrected Model hope 76.235a 1 76.235 4.485 .035
esteem 32.401b 1 32.401 3.443 .064
optimism .921c 1 .921 .105 .746
Intercept hope 308246.388 1 308246.388 1.814E4 .000
esteem 357666.983 1 357666.983 3.801E4 .000
optimism 235226.514 1 235226.514 2.676E4 .000
gender hope 76.235 1 76.235 4.485 .035
esteem 32.401 1 32.401 3.443 .064
optimism .921 1 .921 .105 .746
Error hope 6152.587 362 16.996
esteem 3406.588 362 9.410
optimism 3181.925 362 8.790
Total hope 314619.000 364
esteem 361224.000 364
optimism 238448.000 364
Corrected Total hope 6228.821 363
esteem 3438.989 363
optimism 3182.846 363

b) A business School in its advertisement claims that the average salary of its graduates in a particular
lean year is at par with the average salaries offered at the top five business schools. A sample of 30
graduates from the business school whose claims was to be verified was taken at the random. Below
table shows the output tables for the same. Assess the validity of the claim made by the business school
in its advertisement at the 10% level of significance. (4)

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One-Sample Statistics
Std. Error
N Mean Std. Deviation Mean
Salary(in rs
30 713.50 81.263 14.837
000)

One-Sample Test
Test Value = 750
95% Confidence Interval of
Mean the Difference
t df Sig. (2-tailed) Difference Lower Upper
Salary(in rs
-2.460 29 .09 -36.500 -66.84 -6.16
000)

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