A TECHNICAL SEMINAR REPORT ON

FIRE FIGHTING ROBOTS WITH NIGHT VISION CAMERA

ON THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE

AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF

‘BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY’

IN

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (MECHATRONICS)

Submitted by

N VINEETH 16261A152

Under the guidance of

Dr.K.Sudhakar Reddy

Professor and Head

Department of Mechanical engineering

MAHATMA GANDHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(Accredited By NBA and NAAC, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)

(Gandipet,Hyderabad)
 CONTENTS

1) INTRODUCTION
2) BLOCK DIAGRAM
3) TRANSMITTER
4) RECEIVER
5) SPECIFICATIONS
6) THEORY OF OPERATION
7) SENSORS
8) ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
9) CONCLUSION
10) REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION
This advanced project Fire Fighter Robotic Vehicle with Night Vision Camera allows a user to control
a fire fighter robot equipped with water tank and gun remotely wirelessly for extinguishing fires. For
this purposes the system uses an Rf remote for remote operation along with rf receive based
microcontroller circuit for operating the robotic vehicle and water pump. The receiver circuit receives
RF signals through RF based remote transfer users commands.

The receiver circuit now decodes the data commands sent. It then forwards it to the microcontroller.
Now the microcontroller processes these instructions and then instructions the vehicle motors to run
the vehicle in desired directions. It also operates the water pump motor and pump direction motor to
spray water based on users commands. This allows the user to operate the robot and put off the fire by
standing at a safe distance. This robot body also has a wireless night vision enabled camera mounted
over it. This night vision camera helps to direct the robot body in whichever direction as needed.

This is because whatever area that will be captured by this wireless camera can be viewed in PC for
reference. The robot operates within a 8 meter range of the remote. Thus this system helps to
extinguish fire from a safe distance with the help of the water tank attached to the robot body.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Hardware Specifications

 8051 series Microcontroller

 Vehicle Body
 Water Tank
 Wireless Camera
 Spray Tube
 Spray Pump
 Push Buttons
 Relay
 Transistor
 Resistors
 Diode
 Encoder IC
 Decoder IC
 DC Motors
 RF Tx-Rx
 Capacitors
Software Specifications

 Keil µVision IDE

 MC Programming Language: Embedded C

RF Communication Module

RF communication works by creating electromagnetic waves at a source and being able to pick up
those electromagnetic waves at a particular destination. These electromagnetic waves travel through
the air at near the speed of light. The wavelength of an electromagnetic signal is inversely proportional
to the frequency; the higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength.

Frequency is measured in Hertz (cycles per second) and radio frequencies are measured in kilohertz
(KHz or thousands of cycles per second), megahertz (MHz or millions of cycles per second) and
gigahertz (GHz or billions of cycles per second). Higher frequencies result in shorter wavelengths.
The wavelength for a 900 MHz device is longer than that of a 2.4 GHz device.

In general, signals with longer wavelengths travel a greater distance and penetrate through, and around
objects better than signals with shorter wavelengths.

RF Module can be categorized into two parts:

 Transmitter
 Receiver
 RF transmitter
wireless data is the easiest to use, lowest cost RF link we have ever seen! Use these components to
transmit position data, temperature data, and even current program register values wirelessly to the
receiver. These modules have up to 500 ft range in open space. The transmitter operates from 2-12V.
The higher the Voltage, the greater the range . We have used these modules extensively and have been
very impressed with their ease of use and direct interface to an MCU. The theory of operation is very
simple. What the transmitter 'sees' on its data pin is what the receiver outputs on its data pin. If you
can configure the UART module on a uC, you have an instant wireless data connection. The typical
range is 500ft for open area.

This is an ASK transmitter module with an output of up to 8mW depending on power supply voltage.
The transmitter is based on SAW resonator and accepts digital inputs, can operate from 2 to 12 Volts-
DC, and makes building RF enabled products very easy.

Features:

 434  MHz or 315 MHz Transmitter Operation

 500 Ft. Range - Dependent on Transmitter Power Supply
 2400 or 4800bps transfer rate
 Low cost
 Extremely small and light weight
 THEORY OF OPERATION

This section consists of two parts one is transmitter side and another one is receiver side because of
remote controlling of water pump. At the transmitter side only switches and RF module are used.
Switches are used for send the specific signal to control the motor pump at remote places. At the
receiving section RF receiver are used to receive the RF signal. Here fire sensor is used to sense the
fire present in the auto mode. Here 89s52 controller is used for main processing as per the instruction
comes to drive the water pump by the help of relay driver circuit. And as per the circuit operation
mainly divided into two part. One part is used for Manual mode and another one is in auto mode. This
are two set by the using tactile switches. By pressing Switch s1 the circuit now will be works in
Manual mode and by pressing S2 the circuit will be works in auto mode.

Manual Mode

In manual mode the whole circuit working depends on the user. According to user requirement we can
drive the water pump as per the given instruction by the user. To work according to the user
requirement we need to press the specific switch at a transmitter side for circuit working. Now to
operate the circuit we need to press S3 for to start the water pump at a particular time. The signal are
encoded by the Encoder IC (HT12E) which is used with the RF transmitter. This RF transmitter sends
the signal at a remote place where RF receiver section and water pump are placed. The RF receiver
section receive the signal from the remote place and Decode (HT12D) IC are used for to decode the
signal and this signal are given to the microcontroller (ATmega8) and through the relay driver circuit
the water pump will be on by the controller. As the user wants to stop/off the water pump than user
need to press the stop switch and this signal are send to the receiver side by the RF transmitter side.
Now this incoming signal is processed by the microcontroller and the water pump will be stopped by
the relay driver section. So by according to the user requirement we can control the water pump from
the distance or remote place.

Auto Mode

In auto mode the whole process depends in the automatic mode. By pressing the switch S2 the whole
circuit process comes in the Auto mode. Now this signal received by the receiver section and now the
controller start works in the auto mode. As the instruction comes for the auto mode controller
continuously takes the output of fire sensor value then, controller gives the instruction to on or off the
water pump through relay driver section. In this way we can control the water pump automatically.

Fire Extinguisher:

RF robot will be used as a fire extinguisher i.e. it sprinkles fire.RF is a frequency of rate of oscillation
within the range of 3Hz-300GHz.

Driver circuit

The signal from microcontroller is insufficient to operate the relay. The driver circuit amplifies the
signal from the microcontroller so that the relay should be operated. 4.6 Microcontroller When it
receives the signal from sensor, it starts counting the time. When it receives the signal again the
counting will be stopped. The time required for crossing these two signals are calculated by
microcontroller and thus the speed is calculated. If the speed is calculated by microcontroller gives
logic S1 signal to operate the relay, the microcontroller used in our project is 80S52.

Its features are:

1. This microcontroller belongs to 8051 family.

2. Very few external components are required for its working.

3. The RAM, EPROM, etc. are built in.

4. Easily available in the market.

SENSORS

 TEMPERATURE SENSOR
 SMOKE SENSORS

\
 ADVANTAGES

 They can be operated where humans cant enter .

 Camera is used to detect and send the current status of the fire and place.
 Less ussage of water.

DISADVANTAGES

 Body of the robot should be fire resistant.

 Sensors should work properly.
 CONCLUSION

All through this examination; structure and assembling process are clarified, elements of the robot
are talked about. The fabricated robot is a model of the arranged progressed firefighting robot. The
financial plan of this task is constrained and propelled fabricating machines, sensors and equipment
can't be utilized, so the robot is delivered utilizing the least expensive segments that can be found in
the market effortlessly. Regardless of the inconveniences, fire recognition robot breezed through the
capacity’s tests effectively. The versatile combination calculation technique is for tire identification
of firefighting robot. This venture is accepted to be assembled effectively utilizing the above
instruments and programming dialect referenced as the abovementioned. Like some other projects,
there are upgrades which could be made into this Fire Fighter Robot with Night Vision Camera later
on
REFERENCES

[1] Mustapa, N. B. “Fire_Fighting_Robot” Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 2013.

[2] Hassan, W. Fire Fighting Robot researchgate. Fire_Fighting_Robot. 2010.
[3] David Fernando Zapata García, Mario Andrei Garzón Oviedo, João Ricardo Pereira Valente and
Antonio Barrientos, QuadLab, Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems, (2016).
[4] Majid,N.A. Nor_Ayuni_binti_Abd_Majid Motor Speed Control Using Microcontroller,
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 2014.
[5] H. P. Singh, Akanshu Mahajan, N. Sukavanam, VeenaBudhraja,”Control Of An Autonomous
Industrial Fire Fighting Mobile Robot”, DU Journal of Undergraduate Research and Innovation.
2014
[6] Kristi Kosasih, E. Merry Sartika, M. Jimmy Hasugian, danMuliady, “The Intelligent Fire
Fighting Tank Robot” , Electrical Engineering Journal 2010.
[7] Swati A. Deshmukh, Karishma A. Matte and Rashmi A. Pandhare, “Wireless Fire Fighting
Robot”, International Journal For Research In Emerging Science and Technology.2015